POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

NETWORKING AND NETWORK DEVICES By monika

lagwal 

oN

INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING

• SIMPLEX: In simplex mode the communication is unidirectional as permitted one-way traffic on many roads of city.

T.V. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

TRANSMISSION MODE

HALF DUPLEX: In half duplex mode each station can transmit and receive, but not at the same time. When one device is sending, the other can only receive and vice versa.

TRANSMITTER RECEIVERRECEIVER TRANSMITTER

• FULL DUPLEX: In full duplex mode both station can transmit and receive simultaneously.

TRANSMITTER&

RECEIVER

TRANSMITTER&

RECEIVER

PUBLICTELEPHONE

SYSTEM

LOCAL AREA NETWORK:LAN’S CONSIST OF COMPUTERS, NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS, PERIPHERAL DEVICES, NETWORKING MEDIA, AND DEVICES.

Hubuser

user

user

SERVEROTHER DEVICES

LIKE PRINTER

LAN’s are designed to with the following specifications to:• Operate within a limited geographic

area.• Allow many user to access high

bandwidth media.• Provides full time connectivity to local

services.• Connect physically adjacent devices.

Some common LAN technologies are:  • Ethernet   . Token Ring • FDDI

WIDE AREA NETWORKS:

WAN interconnect LAN’s, which then provide access to computers or file servers in other locations. Because WAN connect user network over a large geographic area, they make it possible for businesses to communicate across great distances.

PHYSICAL ADDRESSING• Computer connects to network via

Network Interface Cards (NIC).• Each NIC has an address stored in an

EPROM on its board. • This address is burned in it during

production and cannot be modified. • This address is also called Media

Access Control (MAC) address, hardware address, flat address or Ethernet address.

FRAME FORMAT

 OUI VENDOR ASSIGNED

24 BITS 24 BITS

IP ADDRESSLOGICAL ADDRESSING

• IP address is a numerical identifier assigned to each machine in IP network.

• An IP address allows a host on one network to communicate with a host on a different network, regardless of the type of LAN the host is connected to. IP addresses are hierarchical in nature.

• An IP address is 32 bits long. • IP address are represented in Dotted-decimal form, like

172.16.3.53 Or rarely in Hexadecimal likeAC 10 IE 35

LAN DEVICES

HUB: Hubs are actually multiport repeaters. In many cases, the difference between the two devices is the number of ports that each provides. While a typical repeater has just two ports, a hub has from 4 to 24 ports.

ACTIVE INTELLIGENT

SWITCHES

Switches connect two or more LAN segments.

Function Of Switches:- •     Address learning •     Forward and Filter decision•     Loop avoidance

ROUTERS

• Router is used to connect networks together and its prime purpose is to route packets to destination network.

• Modern routers are specialized devices, they have there own processor, IO interfaces, memory and even an operating system.

A VIEW OF NETWORK

RouterSwitch

Bridge

Hub

user

ANY QUESTIONS