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Monitoring Based Commissioning –A Must in The World of High Energy Efficiency
Mark Gallagher, MBAGlobal Manager – Building ServicesArmstrong Fluid [email protected]
Learning Objectives
Understand what is Monitoring Based Commissioning MBx
How it differs from other forms of commissioning
The underlying need for MBx and its advantages
Explore things to consider in selecting performance monitoring and
diagnostic tools
ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by
the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services
will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Outline
• Definition of MBx
• Key Findings from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory studies
• Supplementary Observations and Findings of Chilled Water Plants
• Things to Consider in Remote Performance Based Monitoring and
Diagnostics
• Options for MBX
MBX – Definition
So, what is MBx? For consistency it includes* ….
1) Performance Monitoring/Building Diagnostics
2) Retro-commissioning
3) Ongoing commissioning and measurement of savings using
metered/monitored data
* The California Commissioning Collaborative [Haas and Heinemeir 2008]
MBx- How is it Different?
Historically commissioning is a one-time or periodic but infrequent
project.
Whereas..
MBx is a continuous exercise with the discipline
to keep buildings performing as designed.
Establishes and tracks expectations based
on relevant benchmark and forecasted
consumption.
Delivering Results…
Sustained results require more than just excellent design and
construction….
There are many examples of high profile buildings that underachieve in
performance relative to their expectations even after initial
commissioning.
Extract Key Findings from Research -
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory
1) Monitoring-Based Commissioning - Benchmarking Analysis of 24
UC/CSU/IOU Projects, June 2009
Evan Mills, Ph.D. & Paul Matthew, Ph. D.
2) Building Commissioning – A Golden Opportunity for Reducing Energy Costs
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, June 2009
Evan Mills, Ph.D.
Both Reports prepared for the:
California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research
Program
Background and Methodology
Two separate but related pieces of research and reporting:
1. The first analyzed the results from 24 projects (university campus)
with a detailed MBx evaluation
2. The second was a meta-analysis of commissioning experience in
332 commissioning projects in existing buildings and 77 in new
construction totalling 643 buildings
Deficiencies by End Use
The vast majority of
buildings had
deficiencies in their
heating and cooling
systems.
Measures Used
The most common
measures to remedy
the deficiencies were
concentrated in
operations, control
and maintenance.
Savings by Measure
Many measures have paybacks
of less than one year.
Operational changes and control
measures consistently pay for
themselves in months.
In the study of one time
commissioning the median
payback (including
Commissioning) was 1.1 years
In payback with MBx was 2.5
years – but the savings were
expected to persist
Payback Times - Existing Buildings
The majority of
commissioning
efforts had paybacks
of less than 1 year.
The median savings
from MBx was 9% of
energy use.
Why MBx?
Because Drift Happens!
Degradation with Periodic Correction
Supporting Observations……
Texas Hospital
“cost of site operator adjustments to the chilled water
setpoint.”At this facility,
every 1 degree
below 43 F in
chilled water
supply
=
~15% in extra
energy
consumption
for chilled
water
MBx – Savings Uncovered in Chilled Water Plant
Impact in 2013
Original impact
detected.
Return to design
setpoint
Additional
kWhs
consumed
~1,113,800
Texas Hospital
A Tale of Two Centers – 2007
Greater LA Medical Centers
Facility 1
• Greater Los Angeles
• Ambulatory Care Medical Center
• New central plant
Commissioned in 2007
• 55,000 ft2
• 160 tons of cooling
• All other aspects the same as
Facility B(Chillers, pumps, towers, configuration and
controls)
Facility 2
• Greater Los Angeles
• Ambulatory Care Medical Center
• New central plant
Commissioned in 2007
• 55,000 ft2
• 120 tons of cooling
• All other aspects the same as
Facility A(Chillers, pumps, towers, configuration and
controls)
A Tale of Two Centers - 2013
A Tale of Two Centers
The load profile
does not
explain the
difference in
performance.
A Tale of Two Centers
Explaining the difference… Facility #1
Low refrigerant in chiller #2
Isolation valve in tower #1 not working
Obstruction in tower #2
(17 psi vs 2 in tower #1)
Isolation valve for chilled water pump
in manual open position
(unwanted backflow)
Run feedback communication issue with condenser water
pump (providing false alarms)
Basin heater (wired on)
A Tale of Two Centers
Explaining the difference… Facility #2
Run feedback communication issue with condenser
water pump (providing false alarms)
Control touchscreen, freezing losing interface
No major mechanical issues
Installed ongoing performance based monitoring and
diagnostic system
early in 2013
MBx - Things To Do…
On-site review & checklist
Talk to the applicable people:
(design team, contractors, facility management, building operators and occupants)
Review available data
Additional monitoring and metering as required
Establish performance expectation (benchmark)
Present continuously (daily) in simple to understand formats
Things to Consider
• Technical sophistication of user(s)
• Resources to review information
• Size of building
• Complexity of building(s)
• Total energy spend
• Relative importance to end user
Possible Application by Segmentation?B
rea
dth
of
Eq
uip
ment
Sin
gle
co
mp
onen
t
A
ll syste
ms
Simple Complex
Depth of Analysis
Apartment buildingSingle boiler, no A/C
University
campusComplex systems with in-
house energy team
Fast food chainCompare across
locations by customers
served
Data center Cooling is critical
MBX –Keep the Findings and Presentation Simple
Because research*
has shown that …
* Note: There is no research to support this, this is a fabrication to support the overall theme of the presentation.
Daily Updates (email)
Our finding is that a daily email pushed to key staff at the client is more
effective than the screens or apps where users must elect to visit. Not
universally true but common.
Simple email such as:
You used x kWhs yesterday (today) whereas your building/system should
have used y
This cost you an extra $$$
Keeps the topic current, flags anomalies in a timely fashion.
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Overall Conclusions
1. Performance based monitoring and commissioning is essential to
deliver expected efficiency and operating conditions. Ongoing
savings of 5 - 15% are a reasonable expectation.
2. The increase in complexity of building systems (HVAC in
particular) has rendered it nearly impossible for building staff to
stay abreast of the performance of their building.
3. Presentation of frequent but simple and meaningful findings lets
the user(s) understand and apply the information.
Bibliography
Mills, Evan PH.D. & Matthew, Paul PH.D.: June 2009 Monitoring-Based Commissioning -
Benchmarking Analysis of 24 University of California/California State University
/IOU Projects
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory
http://evanmills.lbl.gov/pubs/pdf/MBCx-LBNL.pdf
Slides in this presentation (9 and 10)
Mills, Evan Ph.D. June 2009 Building Commissioning – A Golden Opportunity for Reducing Energy
Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory
http://cx.lbl.gov/2009/-assessment.html
Slides in this presentation (11, 12, 14 & 15)
Graphics:
Johnson Control Inc., (slide 29)
Honeywell Inc., (slide 30)
Building IQ (slide 31)
Pacific Controls (slide 32)
