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Modern technologies for ichthyofauna migration over the discharge sills
Ph.D Răzvan Voicu
[email protected], [email protected],
There is a strong need to achieve systems for ichthyofauna migration both for migratory
species (some endangered) and for restoring the lotic ecosystems functions. There are going to
be achieved some systems for fish migration by generally using the free flow of water through
pipes; there are few cases where the systems used are operated wholly or partly by the means of
electricity. (Elevators for fish). Lots of systems for blocking different species of fish migration
are built on water courses in various cities of the world. The system presented below will use
electricity and will solve the issue regarding fish migration over discharge sills or small dams
within cities and more.We shall have two different systems: a downstream-upstream one and an
upstream-downstream one.
The first upstream - downstream system
Solution I
A basin made of metal sheet pile to capture fish will be built near the right or the left
banks, at the discharge sill (figure 1). If the riverbed is not covered by concrete, then such works
should be performed in the basin area or at least in front of it. The downstream area of the basin
will be fixed to the discharge sill. The space between the basin area and the discharge sill will
also be covered by concrete (figure 2).
right bank
sheet pile with variable geometry
basin of metal sheet piles
Figure 1
discharge sill
Figure 2
electric motor
sheet pile 1
left bank
systems for redirecting the ichthyofauna
electromagnetic field
pile with variable geometry
discharge sill
watercourse
1 Fixing the metal sheet pile to the discharge sill
discharge sill
concrete for fixing the metal sheet pile
metal sheet pile
2 fixing the metal sheet pile to the discharge sill
sheet pile 2
electric motor
pile
The pile with variable geometry will move vertically by means of an electric motor fixed
to the sheet pile 2 and also to the discharge sill. Moreover, some systems of electromagnetic
fields are to be fixed to the floating bodies upstream of the sheet pile in order to redirect the fish
migration towards the basin (figure 1).
When operating the electric motor, the sheet pile with variable geometry will completely
close the basin due to a metal bracket fixed to the concrete plate (figure 3). After the sheet pile
with variable geometry has been folded, the river water course is redirected by the means of the
sheet piles reaching a height (calculated) so that water cannot penetrate the metal basin 1. To
obtain a horizontal movement of the sheet pile with variable geometry, there must be a difference
of a few inches between it and the concrete side of the basin (horizontal surface). For a tight seal,
a metal bracket must be fixed to the concrete surface. All materials used are stainless.
metallic grid
discharge sill metal basin 1
sheet pile with variable geometry
electric motor
metal brackets
Figure 3 Metal brackets positioning
In the upper part of the metal sheet pile fixed to the discharge sill, a metallic grid that
prevents the fish fauna from passing downstream of the discharge sill will be welded. A vertical
rectangular canal will be built in concrete basin plate and then some drilling on inclined plane
below the discharge sill will be performed. The pile allowing water to get into the rectangular
canal below the discharge sill is fixed to the concrete plate and is driven by the electric motor.
Drilling on inclined plane will be stabilized by the means of a concrete rectangular canal having
the same size as the one in the concrete plate (figure 4).
discharge sill
metal
Figure 4 Positioning
metal basin 1
sheet pile for ichthyofauna access
rectangular canal
below the discharge sill
rectangular canal in the concrete plate
ositioning the rectangular canals for fish migration
ichthyofauna access
canal in the concrete plate
fish migration
After passing under the discharge sill
(parallelepipedic) canal will reach a
discharge sill
watercourse
Figure 5 Positioning the sheet
discharge sill and without affecting its structure
will reach a basin built downstream the discharge sill (figure
sheet pile for ichthyofauna access
the sheet pile for ichthyofauna access under the discharge sill
out affecting its structure, the rectangular
(figure 5).
for ichthyofauna access
discharge sill
When the sheet pile with variable geometry is closed, the fish fauna is also blocked into
the basin. The sheet pile for ichthyofauna access is folded upright immediately allowing the
ichthyofauna to pass downstream of the discharge sill. After a few minutes sheet pile for
ichthyofauna access is folded horizontally and closes the basin. Then the sheet pile with variable
geometry is also folded and allows water to fill in the basin. There is a sensor for detecting fish
fauna in the basin and thus, after detecting a number of species, the sheet pile with variable
geometry closes automatically. This process is completely automatic and, in some areas, it can
be performed by using electricity generated by solar panels.
The second upstream - downstream system
Solution II
A basin consisting of metal sheet piles is built on the left bank at a distance of about 10
meters (calculated depending on the discharge sill). Three of these sheet piles have variable
geometry and are situated under water (figure 6). If the riverbed is not covered by concrete, then
these works are performed right at the metal basin in order to secure the metal sheet piles and to
ensure tightness.
sheet pile with variable geometry 3
metal basin 2 sheet pile with variable geometry 2
concrete riverbed
sheet pile with variable geometry 1
Figure 6 Components of the metal basin 2
There must be a generator of electromagn
of the discharge sill in order for fish fauna
redirecting the ichthyofauna consists in a metal fence
the discharge sill (figure 7).
system for redirecting the
electromagnetic
metal basin 2
Figure 7 Positioning
There must be a generator of electromagnetic fields for redirecting the fish
fish fauna to reach the metal basin (figure 7). Another
consists in a metal fence fixed right into the river, d
system for redirecting the ichthyofauna
metal fence
for redirecting the ichthyofauna
c field
discharge sill
ositioning systems for redirecting the ichthyofauna
for redirecting the fish downstream
7). Another system for
right into the river, downstream of
ichthyofauna
ichthyofauna
When the metal sheet piles are folded, the ichthyofauna can easily reach the metal basin.
A basin made of galvanized sheet is fixed to the discharge sill. It is designed to supply
continuously the metal basin 2 located in the river (figure 8). The water supplying process
regarding the metal basin 2 made of galvanized sheet will be performed by using a cylindrical
pipe, which discharges water horizontally and it is fixed to the concrete plate.
discharge sill
metal dowels
basin fized to the discharge sill
sheet pile with variable geometry 3
sheet pile with variable geometry 1
water pipe supplying the metal basin 2
metal basin 2
Figure 8 Positioning the water pipe supplying the metal basin 2
A metal rectangular canal will be fixed to the discharge sill, near the left bank. The end of
the metal canal is fastened to a metal bar which, in turn, is mounted on two bearings (figure 9).
The bearings are mounted on a metal frame which, in turn, is fixed to the discharge sill.
metal bar metal rectangular canal
Figure 9 Positioning the metal canal on bearings
The canal is also mounted on a metal bar (support bar) which is fixed, in turn, to the left bank.
(figure 10).
metal rectangular canal
left bank
metal bar
discharge sill
electric motor
Figure 10 System for fastening the canal to the left bank
There is a space of about 5 cm between the left concrete river bed and the rectangular
canal so that the canal could get some variability in vertical plane. Sheet piles with variable
geometry are driven by an electric motor similar to the one in solution I previously presented,
which is placed under water and secured to the left
detection in the basin, and thus after detecting a n
geometry is automatically verticalized
from the upstream system. When folding (
will fit the rectangular canal into a crenel so that it is positioned
left bank
bearing metal grid
system
Figure 11 The system for fastening the upstream end of the rectangular canal for
fauna migration
water and secured to the left bank. There are sensors for
thus after detecting a number of copies, the sheet piles with variable
verticalized, that happens only if the system is working separately
from the upstream system. When folding (verticalizing) the sheet pile with variable geometry
ular canal into a crenel so that it is positioned on inclined plan
rectangular canal
left bank
grid
ystem for fastening the rectangular canal to the sheet pile 1
for fastening the upstream end of the rectangular canal for
for ichthyofauna
sheet piles with variable
if the system is working separately
variable geometry 1
(figure 11).
for fastening the rectangular canal to the sheet pile 1
for fastening the upstream end of the rectangular canal for fish
The rectangular canal for fish migration is almost full due to water supplying process
performed by the means of the pipe directly connected to the fixed basin and, therefore, to the
discharge sill. This pipe maintains a constant water level in the metal canal made of sheet piles
with variable geometry. The sheet pile with variable geometry 1 can be folded from the outside
towards the inside (vertically) as the other sheet piles, allowing the rectangular canal to be fixed
on the crenel in the sheet pile (figure 12).
rectangular canal
bearing
discharge sill sheet pile (basin 2)
Figure 12 The operation of the system for fish fauna migration
When closing the sheet pile presented by the solution I previously, it blocks fish
migration in the metal basin 1 located upstream of the discharge sill, the three sheet piles with
variable geometry of the metal basin 2 downstream of the discharge sill verticalize and prevent
fish from entering the basin. The connection between rectangular canal and the basin 2 facilitates
a safe migration of fish upstream of the discharge sill. The rectangular canal is composed of a
metal grid that does not allow fish to jump into the river, downstream of the discharge sill. The
electricity needed to run systems for fish migration upstream of the discharge sill may be wholly
or partially obtained from solar sources. Even if there are some discharge sills outside the cities
where there is no electricity and no concrete river beds, then such works should be performed in
the area (concrete riverbeds) so that the system can work as presented and then a solution can be
found in terms of energy source (electricity resulting from hydraulic energy, batteries or solar
power). The two systems can work independently especially when it comes about the mass
migration, such as salmon migration. Also, a single system can operate according to the direction
of fish migration upstream or downstream of the discharge sill. Likewise, one system of the two
presented before can be built because fish migrate upstream or downstream only, depending on
the river (hydro-technically arranged). In terms of current technology, the construction of these
modern systems for fish migration is not a complicated issue. They do not require a large
financial consumption and have the advantage that, once no longer useful in the area, they can be
reused for other rivers after minor modifications, as well.
All rights reserved Bucharest
2014