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Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze
Università degli Studi dell’Aquiladell’Informazione e Matematica
Model Repositories:Will they become reality ?
Francesco BascianiJuri Di RoccoDavide Di RuscioAlfonso Pierantonio
Ludovico Iovino
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
2IntroductionOver the last decades many MDE technologies have been conceived to support a wide range of modeling and model management activities
An increasing demand for:- flexible support to develop and (re)use model
management tools- tools enabling collaborative development of
modeling artifacts- reusable modeling artifacts for benchmarking
and learning purposes
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
3IntroductionThe current support for discovering and reusing already developed modeling artifacts is very limited
The upfront investment in adopting MDE is raised and the productivity benefits of model-based processes are compromised
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
4Model repositories in MDEThe benefits related to the adoption of model repositories have been acknowledged in the MDE community
In the past decade several model repositories have been introduced
All of them seem to struggle in attracting contributions from the
community
Why ?What happens in other domains ?
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
5BioModels- Repository of
computational models of biological processes
- 200K models collected from literature and manually enriched with cross-references (publications, ontologies, etc.)http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels-main/
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
6CellML model repository– More than 550
mathematical models of cellular biological functions
– Based on the CellML language • XML-based open
standard
http://models.cellml.org/cellml
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
7Drug Disease Model Resources- Platform for
sharing computational models describing the interactions between drugs and patients
- Pharmacometrics Markup Language (PharmML) at its core
- Available as a public instance
- It is also possible to integrate private or customized versions within organization
http://www.ddmore.eu/
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
8Drug Disease Model Resources
http://www.ddmore.eu/taxonomy/term/3
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
9GitHub in software developmentOver 25.3 million repositories hosted
Powerful tools (e.g., collaborative code review, intelligent issue tracking, powerful search, and useful analytics) are provided
It supports the development of software systems, which can be both open to the community or private
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
10Why some repositories are already reality ?The popularity of such repositories has been gained thank to the opportunities offered to their users
They make easier for researchers to share and reuse a variety of models developed to describe drug action, disease progression and more
Nobody would be interested in sharing artifacts without envisioning an added value in doing so
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
11Model repositories in MDE – Open ChallengesTechnical challenges- Management of different kinds of modeling artifacts- Advanced query mechanisms- Model management and analysis tools as service- Extensibility- Heterogeneity- Scalability
Non technical challenges- Incentives to share modeling artifacts- Licensing of the shared artifacts- Guidelines for sharing artifacts and assess their quality- Federation of model repositories
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
12
Explicit management of relations- conformTo, domainConformTo, similarity, difference,
evaluatedOn…Megamodel representing and organizing the content of the repository
Management of different kinds of modeling artifacts
Models
Transformations
Metamodels
Queries
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
13Management of different kinds of modeling artifacts
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
14Advanced query mechanismssearch metamodels that permit to specify behavioural models that can be analysed (e.g. deadlock-freeness) and transformed by stored transformations to C code and that can be edited by both graphical and textual available editors
MetamodelsMetamodelsMetamodelsMetamodelsMetamodelsAnalysis
MetamodelsMetamodelsEditors CodeCodeCode
generators
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
15Model management and analysis tools as serviceModelling and model management tools are distributed as software packages to be locally installed- burden particularly for non-technical stakeholders (e.g.,
domain experts) with average IT skills
Cloud-based installations of model repositories to enable the remote adoption of tools- APIs to programmatically adopt already available model
management and analysis tools- Increased tools integration possibilities
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
16Extensibility
Models
Transformations
Metamodels
Queries
Model Analisis Transformations chaining Model Comparison
Model Validation …Model Composition
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
17HeterogeneityEnabling the interoperability of different model management tools
- relying on different meta meta-models - belonging to different technical spaces
ATLTransformationsViatra2
Transformations
ETL Transformations GReAT Transformations
…
- Chain transformations written in different languages
- Use graph transformations to transform EMF-based models
- …
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
18HeterogeneityEnabling the interoperability of different model management tools
- relying on different meta meta-models - belonging to different technical spaces
save open
bpmn.io
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
19Scalability
Efficient persistence of large models
Efficient remote execution of model management tools
- queries, transformations, code generations, model comparison, …
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
20Model repositories in MDE – Open ChallengesTechnical challenges- Management of different kinds of modeling artifacts- Advanced query mechanisms- Model management and analysis tools as service- Extensibility- Heterogeneity- Scalability
Non technical challenges- Incentives to share modeling artifacts- Licensing of the shared artifacts- Guidelines for sharing artifacts and assess their quality- Federation of model repositories
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
21Incentives to share modeling artifactsKeeping repositories alive and solicit contributions from user communities is a hard task
Business entities might not see any benefit of sharing artifacts
Need for rewarding mechanisms motivating users to share artifacts
Availability of additional services- remote validation of modeling artifacts- automated chaining of model transformations and their
remote execution- code generation as service- …
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
22Licensing
Need for licensing schemes under which modeling artifacts are uploaded and maintained in model repositories
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
23Guidelines for sharing artifacts and asses their quality
It is necessary to agree how to upload and share artifacts- which format ?- what metadata ?
Artifact sharing has to be moderated - shared artifacts have to be analyzed and tested
before making them publicly available- similarly to what happens in app stores
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
24Federation of model repositories
Public Repository 1
Private Repository 1 Private Repository n…..
Public Repository 2
Public Repository 3
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
25MDEForge• Community-based repository of modeling
artifacts• It enables the adoption of model
management tools as software as a service• It is modular and extensible• It supports advanced mechanisms to browse
and query the repository
http://www.mdeforge.orghttps://github.com/MDEGroup/MDEForge
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
26MDEForge users• Developers of modeling artifacts:
communities of users that might want to share their tools and enable their adoption and refinement by other users
• Developers of MDEForge extensions: experienced users might contribute by proposing new extensions to be included in the platform
• End-users: By means of the Web access and the REST API the platform enables end-users to search and use (meta)models, transformations, share artifacts, etc.
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
27MDEForge architecture
save open
bpmn.io
transform
Core
Repository
WEB Access
REST API
ModelTransformation Metamodel
Extensions
Metrics Calculator
Transformation chain
Users
Clustering Visualizer
Proximity Calculator
Clustering Creator
…
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
28MDEForge: main features- Repository of modeling artifacts- Artifacts can be public or private
- Sharing mechanism (Dropbox-like)
- Management of workspaces and projects- Mechanisms to aggregate modeling artifacts
- Model management as service- Execution of model transformations
- ATL, ETL, Acceleo, more will come- Metamodel comparison- Metamodel clustering- Model Search (by example)
- Accessible via REST API and Web application
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
29
DEMO
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
30ConclusionsIn different application domains model repositories are already reality
- they are continuously used to share, learn, reuse, and improve artifacts
The real adoption of model repositories in MDE is still at early stages
A research agenda including technical and non technical issues has been drawn
CloudMDE2015 – 29 SEPT 2015, Ottawa, Canada
31
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