MICRO AIR VEHICLES

What Are MAVS(AV’S) ?

• A micro air vehicle

(MAV), or micro aerial

vehicle, is a class of

unmanned aerial vehicles

(UAV) that has a size

restriction . The small craft

allows remote observation

of hazardous

environments inaccessible

to ground vehicles.

What Are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ?

• An unmanned aerial

vehicle (UAV), commonly

known as drone, is an

aircraft without a human pilot

aboard. Its flight is controlled

either autonomously by

onboard computers or by the

remote control of a pilot on

the ground or in another

vehicle.

• They are usually deployed

for military and special

operation applications.

What Is Remote Control Vehicle ?

• A remote control vehicle

is defined as any vehicle

that is controlled by a

means that does not restrict

its motion with an origin

external to the device. This

is often a radio control

device, cable between

control and vehicle, or an

infrared controller.

WHY MAV’S ? WHY NOT SOMETHING

BIGGER ?

Keeps security personnel out of harms from any hazardous or dangerous situations.

Direct connectivity to pilot or crew.

Can be individually controlled.

Can be used for a wide range of new missions (even unthought-of before).

References :- Air Force Research Laboratory, US Air Force

Concept Of Operation

Pilot And Crew Control

MAIN SUB SYSTEMS

1. FLIGHT CONTROL

2. PROPULSION

SYSTEM

3. COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM

4. GUIDANCE &

NAVIGATION

Flight control system hardware architecture

The TUAV1000 shown in Fig. 1 has three

servo units for the left and right elevons

and an electrically driven propeller. Its

wingspan is 1000 mm and carries a wire-

less video system as payload.

The actual flight control system is

shown in Fig. 3, which weighs only

about 24 g

Guidance Navigation and Control (GNC) of an (UAV)

Accelerometer and Gyroscope

• Accelerometer measure linear accelerations.

• Gyroscope measure angular movement.

MEMS Gyroscope

• A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining the orientation, based on the principles of the conservation of momentum.

• Gyroscopes are physical sensors that detect and measure the angular motion of an object relative to an inertial frame of reference.

• Transfer of energy between two vibrating resonator is by Coriolis acceleration.

SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image

of a comb drive tuning fork gyroscope

designed by Draper Lab in Cambridge, MA

Working Principle

Coriolis force

• Force exerted on a body when it moves in rotational reference frame

Fc = - 2m (ω x υ)

• Acts perpendicular to rotation axis and velocity of body in rotating frame

• Proportional to rotating rate

MEMS structure die of 3-axis

gyroscopes

Various options that could be used for designing a gyroscope

Future Market In MEMS Gyroscope

The Future of MEMS Gyros

• Smaller

• Cheaper

• Not limited to Silicon

• Ti More durable

• Nano and Pico satellites

• Submarine & Aircraft

satellite launches

India And Its AV’S

• India is developing UAVs that are capable of flying on

solar power. The list below contains some micro drones

that Developed by DRDO (Defence Research and

Development Organisation, New Delhi and Hindustan

Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore).

DRDO Nishant

DRDO Rustom

Dhaksha

Rustom 1

Rustom-H

Rustom 2

Lakshya PTA

DRDO AURA

DRDO Netra

Have look at DRDO’s Rustom • Rustom (English: Warrior) is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance

unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) being developed by DRDO for

the three services, Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force

of the Indian Armed Forces. Rustom is derived from the NAL's LCRA

(Light Canard Research Aircraft) developed by a team under the

leadership of late Prof. Rustom B. Damania in the 1980s.

Role Remote controlled unmanned

aerial vehicle (UAV)

Manufacturer DRDO

First flight Rustom-1: November 11, 2009

Rustom-2: February, 2014

Status

Rustom-1 MALE UAV (Prototype

flight testing)

Rustom-H HALE UAV (Under

development)

Rustom-2 UCAV (Under

development)[1]

Primary users Indian Air Force

Indian Army, Indian Navy

More About Rustom

General characteristics • Crew: none

• Payload: 95 Kg (165.3 lbs) and 350 kg (771.6 lbs) (for Rustom-1 & Rustom-H respectively)

• Length: 5.12 m (16 ft 10 in) and 9.5 m (31 ft 2 in) (for Rustom-1 & Rustom-H respectively)

• Wingspan: 7.9 m (25 ft 11 in) and 20.6 m (67 ft 7 in) (for Rustom-1 & Rustom-H respectively)

• Height: Rustom-1: 2.40 m (7 ft 10 in)

• Empty weight: 720 kg (1587.33 lbs) & 1,800 kg (3968.32 lbs) (for Rustom-1 & Rustom-H respectively)

Performance Maximum speed: 225 km/h

(139.81 mph)

Range:

Line of sight: 250 km(156.25

miles)

Relay Communication: 350

km (218.75 miles)

Service ceiling: 26,000 ft for

Rustom-1 and 35,000 ft for

Rustom-H (8,000 m and 10,668 m

respectively)

DRDO’s Netra • The Netra is an Indian, light- weight, UAV for surveillance and

reconnaissance operations. It has been jointly developed by the

Defence Research and Development Organisation's Research and

Development Establishment (R&DE), and IdeaForge, a Mumbai-

based private firm. The UAV was featured in the hit movie 3 Idiots.

Role Mini-unmanned aerial vehicle

(UAV)

National origin India

Manufacturer IdeaForge

Designer DRDO

First flight 3 July 2010

Introduction 30 January 2012

Status Active

Primary users Central Reserve Police Force

Border Security Force

Produced 2010-present

Number built 24

Unit cost 2 million (US$32,600) to 5.5 million

(US$89,650)[4]

More About Netra

• General characteristics

• Crew: none

• Payload: High resolution CCD

camera (Thermal camera)

• Length: 90 cm (2.95 ft)

• Rotor diameter: 90 cm (2.95 ft)

• Empty weight: 1.5 Kg (3.3 lbs)

• Powerplant: 4 × External

swappable Li-Po batteries.

• Netra can be launched from a

small clearing, and it can fly up to

a distance of 2.5 km from its take-

off point. The operational altitude

of the UAV is 200 m

Performance •Maximum speed: 30 km/hour

•Range: 2500 m(8200 ft)

•Service ceiling: 300 m (985 ft)

The wonder called (AV’S) Applications