LASER BEAM MACHENING

2Contents

Laser Beam Machining Laser Type of Laser Laser Application Parameters Affecting LBM Advantage Disadvantage References

3What is Laser

LASER is the acronym for Light Amplified Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Laser is a device which generates or amplifies light Stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation Coherent, monochromatic, directional and high power laser beam

is used

4Elements of Laser

Lasing Medium (Gas, liquid, solid) Pumping process Optical feedback element

5Laser Beam Machining

Used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation

Energy is concentrated optically Laser emits either continuous or

pulsed light beam

Source: Google Images

6Effect of Laser Beam on Material

Source: Internet

7

Types of

Laser

Gas Laser

Solid State Laser

Excimer Laser

8Gas Laser

Electric current is discharged through a gas to produce a coherent light

Operate on the principle of converting electric energy into laser light output

Gas acts as pumping medium to attain the necessary population inversion

Common gas laser are CO2 Gas Laser, He-Ne Gas Laser

9He-Ne Gas Laser

Source: Google Images

10Solid State Laser

Constructed by doping a rare earth element into a variety of host materials

Pumped optically by arc lamps or flash lamps Respond well to Q-switching Ruby or Nd:YAG is the most common host material

11Ruby Laser

Source: HowStuffWorks

12Excimer Laser

Uses a combination of an inert gas and reactive gas

Excimer is form of Ultraviolet Chemical Laser

Excimer is short for ‘excited dimer’

Source: Google Images

13Dye & Semiconductor Laser

Dye Laser use complex organic dyes, such as rhodamine 6G

Semiconductor Laser sometimes called diode lasers very small and use low power.

14Operation: Laser Cutting

Cutting starts by drilling a hole by moving beam

Cutting speed depends on material and thickness

Both pulsed and continuous laser is used Thickness ranges from 0.5-1 inch Used for cutting complex geometry and for

clean cutting operationSource: sciencedirect.com

15Laser Welding

For welding ceramics and dissimilar materials like steel and aluminum

Produces maximum penetration and minimum distortion in materials

Beam can be easily shaped, focused and directed Application

Razor Blade Electronic Circuit

16Laser Cladding

Used to improve surface quality by applying a corrosion resistant layer on product

Laser Beam is used to create a shallow melt pool

Metal powder is supply using an inert gas flow

Application Chemical industry Mining and marine application

Source: Wikipedia

17Laser Application

Heavy Manufacturing

Seam & spot welding

Cladding & drilling

18Parameter Affecting LBM

• Working Material• Assist Gases• Focusing Lenses• Laser Beam• Environment

Laser Beam Machining

19Advantages

Non Contact No solvent chemical Selective material removal Flexibility Fully automated

20Disadvantages

Requires specially trained operators Not for mass metal removal processes Requires greater control of joint tolerances Expensive equipment Consumes much energy

21

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