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Illustration of terms used in Naval Architecture It is essential in the study of the subject to have a clear understanding of the meaning of the various terms, abbreviations and symbols used.

INTRODUCTION TO TERM USED IN NAVAL ARCHITECT

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Illustration of terms used in Naval Architecture

It is essential in the study of the subject to have a clear understanding of the meaning of the various terms, abbreviations and symbols used.

Definit ion of Principal terms used in Definit ion of Principal terms used in Naval ArchitectureNaval Architecture

Forward PerpendicularForward Perpendicular (FP) is a vert ical l ine through (FP) is a vert ical l ine through the inter-section of the load waterl ine and the stem the inter-section of the load waterl ine and the stem contour.contour.

AfAf ter Perpendicularter Perpendicular (AP) is at where the aft side of (AP) is at where the aft side of the sternpost meets the load waterl ine the sternpost meets the load waterl ine or or if there is if there is no sternpost at the centre rudder stock.no sternpost at the centre rudder stock.

Length between PerpendicularsLength between Perpendiculars (LBP) is the (LBP) is the horizontal distance between the forward and after horizontal distance between the forward and after perpendiculars. perpendiculars.

AmidshipsAmidships (0 0) is the midway point between the (0 0) is the midway point between the perpendiculars.perpendiculars.

MidshipMidship Section Section is the transverse section of the ship is the transverse section of the ship at amidshipsat amidships . .

Illustration of terms used in Naval Architecture

Definit ion of Principle terms used in Naval Definit ion of Principle terms used in Naval

ArchitectureArchitecture Breath MouldedBreath Moulded (B mld) is measured at amidship and is the maximum (B mld) is measured at amidship and is the maximum

breadth over the frames.breadth over the frames.

Depth MouldedDepth Moulded (D mld) is the vertical distance at amidships top of keel to (D mld) is the vertical distance at amidships top of keel to the top of the deck beam at side the top of the deck beam at side or or underside of deck plating at the ship underside of deck plating at the ship side:side:

Draught MouldedDraught Moulded (H mld) is the distance of the top of the keel below the (H mld) is the distance of the top of the keel below the waterl ine.waterl ine.

Draught Draught (H)(H) is the distance of the lowest point of the keel below the is the distance of the lowest point of the keel below the waterl ine.waterl ine.

Moulded Base Line.Moulded Base Line. This is a horizontal l ine which passes through the top This is a horizontal l ine which passes through the top of the keel at amidshipsof the keel at amidships

Sheer.Sheer. The longitudinal curvature given to decks‘The longitudinal curvature given to decks‘

Camber.Camber. This is the curvature given to a deck transversely. The camber This is the curvature given to a deck transversely. The camber amidships is frequently one-fif t ieth of the breadth (B) of the ship.amidships is frequently one-fif t ieth of the breadth (B) of the ship.

Definition of Principal terms used in Naval ArchitectureDefinition of Principal terms used in Naval Architecture

Rise of FloorRise of Floor is the rise of the bottom shell plating measured transversely amidships is the rise of the bottom shell plating measured transversely amidships at the moulded breadth line.at the moulded breadth line.

Tumble-HomeTumble-Home . The fall in of the sides amidships.. The fall in of the sides amidships.

FlareFlare .. The outward curvature of the forward sections above the waterline. The outward curvature of the forward sections above the waterline.

RakeRake .. The departure from the vertical of any line in profile such as the stem. The departure from the vertical of any line in profile such as the stem.

TrimTrim .. The longitudinal inclination of a ship is measured by dif ference between the The longitudinal inclination of a ship is measured by dif ference between the draughts forward and aft. When the draughts are the same forward and aft the ship draughts forward and aft. When the draughts are the same forward and aft the ship is said to be ("on an even Keel”). "Down by the head” when the draught forward is is said to be ("on an even Keel”). "Down by the head” when the draught forward is greater than aft. "Down by the stern” when the draught aft is greater. greater than aft. "Down by the stern” when the draught aft is greater.

HeelHeel .. The inclination of the ship in the transverse direction measured in degrees. The inclination of the ship in the transverse direction measured in degrees.

YawYaw.. The movement from the mean course of a ship in the horizontal plane, The movement from the mean course of a ship in the horizontal plane, measured in degrees.measured in degrees.

Definition of Principle terms used in Naval ArchitectureDefinition of Principle terms used in Naval Architecture

Middle Line PlaneMiddle Line Plane. . Ships have only one symmetry, called the Ships have only one symmetry, called the middle line plane and it is the principal plane of reference. The middle line plane and it is the principal plane of reference. The shape of the ship given by this plane is known as the profile.shape of the ship given by this plane is known as the profile.

WaterplanesWaterplanes are planes at right angles to the middle line plane; are planes at right angles to the middle line plane; they are symmetrical about the middle line plane. Waterplanes they are symmetrical about the middle line plane. Waterplanes looked at edge on in the profile are called waterlines.looked at edge on in the profile are called waterlines.

Transverse PlanesTransverse Planes perpendicular to the middle line plane show the perpendicular to the middle line plane show the shape of vertical sections of the ship.shape of vertical sections of the ship.

Freeboard.Freeboard. The vertical distance between the actual or permissible The vertical distance between the actual or permissible waterline and the upper surface at side of the deck to which it is to waterline and the upper surface at side of the deck to which it is to measured measured

Definition of Principal terms used in Naval ArchitectureDefinition of Principal terms used in Naval Architecture

Load Line MarkLoad Line Mark . . All merchant ships, with a few All merchant ships, with a few exceptions, must be marked with a load l ine. The upper exceptions, must be marked with a load l ine. The upper edge of this l ine indicates the maximum permissible edge of this l ine indicates the maximum permissible draught. The load l ines are set off amidships on both draught. The load l ines are set off amidships on both sides of the ship, at specif ied distances below a deck sides of the ship, at specif ied distances below a deck l ine. The standard markings for a cargo ship are as l ine. The standard markings for a cargo ship are as under:under:

S = Summer T = TropicalS = Summer T = Tropical W = Winter F = Fresh W = Winter F = Fresh

WaterWater WNA = Winter North At lantic WNA = Winter North At lantic TF = Tropical Fresh WaterTF = Tropical Fresh Water

The upper edge of the summer l ine, i f continued passes The upper edge of the summer l ine, i f continued passes through the centre of the load l ine disc and is the basis through the centre of the load l ine disc and is the basis l ine.l ine.

Parallel Middle body

Illustration of terms used in Naval Architecture

Definition of Principal terms used in Naval ArchitectureDefinition of Principal terms used in Naval Architecture

Parallel Middle BodyParallel Middle Body. . The length over which the midship The length over which the midship section remains constant in area and shape. section remains constant in area and shape.

Fore BodyFore Body. . The immersed body forward of the midship The immersed body forward of the midship section.section.

AfterAfter BodyBody. . The immersed body aft of the midship section.The immersed body aft of the midship section.

Entrance.Entrance. The immersed body forward of the parallel body.The immersed body forward of the parallel body.

Run.Run. The immersed body aft of the parallel body The immersed body aft of the parallel body

Illustration of terms used in Naval Architecture

Definition of Principal terms used in Naval ArchitectureDefinition of Principal terms used in Naval Architecture

Lines PlanLines Plan. . The delineation of the ship's form in three views:The delineation of the ship's form in three views:

The longitudinal elevation or profile which gives the general The longitudinal elevation or profile which gives the general outline of the ship, the position and sheer of the decks.outline of the ship, the position and sheer of the decks.

The half-breadth plan shows the shape of the decks and the The half-breadth plan shows the shape of the decks and the waterlines which are formed by the intersection of the surface waterlines which are formed by the intersection of the surface of the ship with horizontal planes.of the ship with horizontal planes.

The body plan which shows the transverse sections. The The body plan which shows the transverse sections. The lines plan represents the moulded surface of the ship, that is lines plan represents the moulded surface of the ship, that is the inside of shell plating. The accepted convention for the the inside of shell plating. The accepted convention for the profile is to show the bow pointing to the right.profile is to show the bow pointing to the right.

SHIP MOTIONSSHIP MOTIONS Understanding the terms like Understanding the terms like Heaving, Pitching Surging, Rolling, Yawing, etcHeaving, Pitching Surging, Rolling, Yawing, etc..

Heave

z

2.2 Nomenclature for typical hul l structures2.2 Nomenclature for typical hul l structures 1 Strength deck 1 Strength deck platingplating

16 Side shell longitudinals16 Side shell longitudinals

2 Stringer plate2 Stringer plate 17 Longitudinal bulkhead 17 Longitudinal bulkhead platingplating

3 Sheer strake3 Sheer strake 18 Longitudinal bulkhead 18 Longitudinal bulkhead longitudinals longitudinals

4 Side shell 4 Side shell platingplating

19 Inner bottom plating19 Inner bottom plating

5 Bilge plating5 Bilge plating 20 Inner bottom longitudinals20 Inner bottom longitudinals

6 Bottom shell 6 Bottom shell PlatingPlating

25 Deck transverse centre 25 Deck transverse centre tanktank

7 Keel plate7 Keel plate 26 Bottom transverse centre 26 Bottom transverse centre tanktank

8 Deck 8 Deck longitudinallongitudinal

27 Deck transverse wing tank27 Deck transverse wing tank

9 Deck girders9 Deck girders 28 Side shell vertical web28 Side shell vertical web

10 Sheer strake 10 Sheer strake longitudinallongitudinal

29 Longitudinal bulkhead 29 Longitudinal bulkhead vertical webvertical web

11 Longitudinal 11 Longitudinal bulkhead top bulkhead top strakestrake

30 Bottom transverse wing 30 Bottom transverse wing tank tank

12 Bottom 12 Bottom longitudinalslongitudinals

31 Cross ties31 Cross ties

13 Bottom 13 Bottom girdersgirders

32 Transverse web face plate32 Transverse web face plate

14 Bilge 14 Bilge longitudinalslongitudinals

33 Double bottom floor33 Double bottom floor

15 Longitudinal 15 Longitudinal bulkhead lower bulkhead lower strakestrake

36 Hatch coamings36 Hatch coamingsFigure 2: Single Hull Oil / Ore Carrier — Typical Transverse Section

Fig 5: Single Skin Bulk Carrier-Fig 5: Single Skin Bulk Carrier-Typical Cargo Hold StructuralconfigurationTypical Cargo Hold Structuralconfiguration

Figure 6: Single Skin Bulk Carrier — Typical Transverse SectionFigure 6: Single Skin Bulk Carrier — Typical Transverse Section

Figure 7: Bulk Carrier — Typical Transverse Watertight BulkheadFigure 7: Bulk Carrier — Typical Transverse Watertight Bulkhead