Introduction to AVR Microcontroller Atmel Atmega16

Robo Indiahttp://roboindia.com

The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller based on the AVR

enhanced RISC Architecture.

Click here to visit -ROBO INDIA

http://roboindia.com/

WHAT ISCMOS

8-bit microcontroller

RISC Architecture



• CMOS -Complementary Metal Oxide

Semiconductor

• CMOS is a technology for constructing

integrated circuits

• Two important characteristics of CMOS devices

are high noise immunity and low static power

consumption.



WHAT ISCMOS


RISC Architecture



• 8 bit : 00000000 capable of doing number up to 255 (0-255)

• 16 bit: 00000000_00000000 capable of doing numbers up to 65535 (0-65535)

• 32 bit: 00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000 capable of doing numbers up to 4294967295 (0-4294967295)



WHAT ISCMOS


RISC Architecture



• RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set

Computer.

• RISC is a type of microprocessor architecture

that utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of

instructions



• 16 Kbytes of In-System Programmable Flash

• Program memory with Read-While-Write

capabilities

• 512 bytes EEPROM, 1 Kbyte SRAM

• 32general purpose I/O lines

• 32 general purpose working registers



• Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000

EEPROM

• Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at

25°C(1)

• Programming Lock for Software Security

• Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz

• 512 Bytes EEPROM



• Two 8-bit Timer/Counters

• One 16-bit Timer/Counter

• Four PWM Channels

• 8-channel, 10-bit ADC



• Programmable Watchdog Timer

• Six Sleep Modes:

– Idle

– ADC Noise Reduction

– Power-save

– Power-down

– Standby

– Extended Standby



• Operating Voltages

– 2.7V - 5.5V for ATmega16L

– 4.5V - 5.5V for ATmega16

• Speed Grades

– 0 - 8 MHz for ATmega16L

– 0 - 16 MHz for ATmega16

• Power Consumption @ 1 MHz, 3V, and 25°C for ATmega16L

– Active: 1.1 mA

– Idle Mode: 0.35 mA

– Power-down Mode: < 1 µA



• Register is a data holding place and very

fast memory, it’s a part of CPU.

• Registers serves as connection between a

CPU and a Peripheral device

• CPU doesn’t give instruction directly to

peripherals or output devices.



• CPU doesn’t give instruction directly to

peripherals or output devices.

• CPU give output by writing registers

• CPU take input by reading registers



O/P - Device

REGISTER

CPU



CPU

REGISTER

I/P - Device







Atmega16 have total of 40 pins

32 I/O pins..

PORTA = 8 Pins

PORTB = 8 Pins

PORTC = 8 Pins

PORTD = 8 Pins



• VCC (PIN11) - Digital supply voltage.

• GND (PIN12) - Ground



• Port A (PA7..PA0) - Port A serves as the

analog inputs to the A/D Converter Port A

also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O

port, if the A/D Converter is not used. Port

pins can provide internal pull-up resistors

(selected for each bit)





• Port B (PB7..PB0) - Port B is an 8-bit bi-

directional I/O port with internal pull-up

resistors (selected for each bit). Port B

also serves the functions of various special

features of the ATmega16





• Port C (PC7..PC0) - Port C is an 8-bit bi-


resistors (selected for each bit). If the JTAG

interface is enabled, the pull-up resistors

on pins PC5(TDI), PC3(TMS) and PC2(TCK)

will be activated even if a reset occurs.





• Port D (PD7..PD0) - Port D is an 8-bit bi-


resistors (selected for each bit). Port D also

serves the functions of various special

features of the ATmega16





• RESET - Reset Input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.



• AVCC - AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the A/D Converter. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter.

• AREF - AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

























In case of queries please write us-

[email protected]

www.roboindia.com


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.roboindia.com/


Engineering

Introduction to AVR Microcontroller Atmel Atmega16