Intelligent Bus Tracking System Using Android

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2763 Issue 12, Volume 3 (December 2016) www.ijirae.com

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Intelligent Bus Tracking System Using Android

Snehal Demapure (M.E.Student) * Dr.L.K.Ragha (Guide)

( Electronics Engineering Department, Terna Engineering College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India) Abstract— Intelligent bus tracking system using android is an application that tracks a bus and collects the distance to each station. Tracking system involves the installation of an electronic device in a bus, with an installed Android App on any smart phone to enable a user to track the bus location. There are two applications one for server and other for the client. The user can get flexibility of planning travel using the app, to decide on which bus to take or when to catch the bus. The waiting time of the user can be reduced. By using this application user get the information about buses, bus numbers, bus route, bus arrival and bus delay timing information etc [1]. It provides information about which bus coming to the stop. By the presently existing system we are dealing with three terminals, a device on bus, a device at bus stop and a device on the master bus stand so as to keep the track on the all city busses. By employing this tracking system the arrival of the bus is detected near the bus stop and also can be seen on the PC at the master bus stop. GSM modem can also transmit the bus information to the registered mobile numbers. Hence, we can control the bus traffic and can detect the arrival of particular bus at the bus stop.

Keywords— GSM, RFID reader, LCD, RS 485, RS 232, Android phone, PC

I. INTRODUCTION The transportation system serves as the heart in the economic and social development of the country. In today’s world transportation system has a very vital role to play in day to day life. Due to rapid increase in population, there is need for efficient public transportation system. Because of population it keeps increased burden on public transportation like bus etc [2]. Therefore the smart system is necessary which provides real time information of bus to remote user. So we proposed a new system which overcomes the drawback of public transportation system. So our system handle all the data about current location of bus and by using this data the real time tracking of bus can be done and this information is then given to remote user who wants to know the real time bus information. The main advantage of city bus commuting is that it reduces the overall pollution, reduces the traffic on road, also the problem of parking is solved to a certain extent.

II. PROBLEM DEFINITION

In reality many people prefer to take their own vehicle instead of using public transport. The main reason is that, there is no real time information about the Bus, location along the Bus route, no prior information in case the bus is cancelled or delayed due to traffic. As a result the commuter losses lots of time which can be put to better use. The number of busses running daily is huge to keep track of all the busses are a big challenge before the bus authorities [3]. In the daily operation of bus transport systems, mainly that of buses, the movement of vehicles is affected by different uncertain conditions as the day progresses, such as:

Traffic jam Unexpected delay Irregular vehicle arriving timing Some other incidents

III. OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the project are:

1. To design and develop an efficient data information and enquiry system. 2. To design a city bus tracking system with low installation and maintenance cost. 3. To design a city bus tracking system which can work in areas where there is no wireless connectivity such as 3G,

Wi-Max.

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IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECTED SYSTEM

The overall working of the system is summarized in Figure 1. It shows the intercommunications between different protocols used in this system. Android based city bus tracking system consists of three terminals [4]:-

A. DEVICE ON THE BUS B. DEVICE ON BUS STOP C. DEVICE ON BUS STANDS (MASTER)

Figure 1 Block diagram of the system[8]

In-BUS Module is installed inside every bus and consists of a RFID reader, a GSM modem and an emergency button; all interfaced to ARM7 microcontroller. After sending the initialization signal to BASE Station Module, this module starts transmitting bus location to the BASE Station. At each stop, RFID reader reads the RFID tag on bus stop and sends data to BASE station. In case of an emergency situation, driver can press the emergency button to inform BASE Station units about the location of bus. The BUS station operator can then adjust the schedule accordingly and send an additional bus for facilitating the passengers. The block diagram for this module is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Block diagram of bus unit

BUS Stop module is installed at every bus stop to let the passenger know about the location of buses coming towards that stop. It comprises of a GSM modem, LCD display; all interfaced to ARM7 microcontroller. Microcontroller after retrieving the stored information displays it on LCD display. The location of next incoming bus is displayed in case of an emergency situation. The block diagram of this module is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Block Diagram of BUS Stop Module

BASE STATION

LCD

GSM MODEM

CONTROLLER





BASE Station module is the central part of the network. Through respective GSM, it accepts location information of buses. The PC after processing the data sends desired location information in form of bus stop name to microcontroller at BUS Stop module. BASE station also monitors the emergency situations transmitted from In-BUS Module. The block diagram of the module is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Block Diagram of BASE Station Module

V. RELATED TECHNOLOGY

1. GSM MODEM

Figure 5: GSM MODULE

GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

2. ARM7[6]

ARM 7 is a smaller computer. It has on-chip RAM, ROM and I/O ports. ARM perfectly fits many uses, from automotive industries and controlling home appliances to industrial, instruments, remote sensors, electrical door locks and safety devices. It is also ideal for smart cards as well as for battery supplied devices. Its low consumption EEPROM memory makes it easier to apply microcontroller to device where permanent storage of various parameters is needed. Low cost, low consumption, easy handling and flexibility make ARM quite useful. The LPC2131/2132/2134/2136/2138 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16 bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combines the microcontroller with 32 kB, 64 kB, 128 kB, 256 kB and 512kB of embedded high speed flash memory.

BUS POSITION

GSM MODEM

PC AT BASE STATION

CONTROLLER AT BUS STOP

GSM MODEM

LCD DISPLAY





3. RFID TECHNOLOGY In RFID systems, an item is tagged with a tiny silicon chip and an antenna; the chip plus antenna (together called a “tag”) can then be scanned by mobile or stationary readers using radio waves. The chip can be encoded with a unique identifier, allowing tagged items to be individually identified by a reader. Traditional RFID system consists of three main components:

i. RFID Reader: It sends an electromagnetic wave which carries a signal to identify objects. Then, the reader receives the information returned back by these objects.

ii. RFID tag: It is attached to these objects, reacts to receiving the signal sent by the reader in order to forwarding to it the requested information.

iii. A computer/database: It stores and processes information collected by the reader.

We have used passive RFID tag for demo purpose because active RFID tag is very expensive.

4. RS232[4] RS232 is used for serial communication between MCS-51 and PC. In our study, the RFID module is connected to the microcontroller via RS232. Baud rate: 9600 bps, timer mode 1 auto reload mode

5. RS485 PROTOCOL RS485 is used for serial communication between MCS-51 and MCS-51. The reasons for using this protocol are: a) Communication up to 1 km range; b) Up to 32 slaves can be connected at a time; c) Differential line communication; and d) 8-pin-IC (less hardware, no extra capacitors).

6. LCD: LCD is used to display the result.

FEATURES OF LCD 16*2 LCD lines 5*7 dot matrix display 8 bit / 4 bit data display Operating voltage 5v Current consumption :13 ma Power consumption : 5v *13ma = 65 mwatt

7. ANDROID Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Android is the most popular mobile OS [5]. ANDROID (Automated Numeration of Data Realized by Optimized Image Detection) Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as Smartphone and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony.

VI. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

a) Communication distance: Here we have designed the system using RS 485. The 485 bus has been chosen keeping the communication distance in mind. The standard distance for RS485Bus is 800meters, which is far greater than any other wired or wireless (in the same price range) communication system.

b) Speed: The system is designed to work on a wired network BUS whose baud rate is 9600 bits per second. Considering the amount of data sent on the network this speed is sufficient for a quick response.

c) Robust: The system designed is robust. The main advantage is the ARM7 controller which very fast and has a core of 32 bit, which makes it very reliable. Also RS 485 bus is very reliable and is immune to interference from other networks which are very common in wireless networks.

d) User friendly: The system is designed to be user friendly even to a new user who has limited knowledge of the area. Here the user can get the status of the bus with respect to the BUS STOP and the time it will take the bus to reach the desired bus stop. This kind of information helps the commuter to plan the schedule to board the bus.





VII. POWER SUPPLY DESIGN OF THE PROJECT:

Figure 6: Connection diagram of power supply

The average voltage at the output of a bridge rectifier capacitor filter combination is given by Vin (DC) = Vm – Idc / 4 f C1 Where, Vm=√2 Vs and Vs = rms secondary voltage

Assuming Idc to be equal to max. Load current, say 100mA C = 1000 Gf / 65v, f=50hHz 19 = Vm – 0.1 / 4*50*1000*10¯6 19= Vm – 0.1 / 0.2 Vm=19.5 volts Hence the RMS secondary Voltage Vrms = vm / √2 = 19.5 / √2 =19. 5 / 1.4421 =13.5 volts So we can select a 15v secondary Voltage.

In our system most of the components used require 5 V as operating voltage such as micro controller, MAX 232, MCT2E etc. The total current, which our circuit sinks from the power supply, is not more than 100 mA. We have used Regulator IC 7805 that gives output voltage of 5V.The minimum input voltage required for the 7805 is near about 7v. Therefore we have used the transformer with the voltage rating 230v-15v/12v and current rating 500 mA/750mA/1A. The output of the transformer is 15V AC. This Ac voltage is converted into 12 V DC by Bridge rectifier circuit.

VIII. RESULTS

Figure 7 Device on Bus stand (Master) Figure 8 Device on Bus stop





ANDROID APP: Here we are developing an Android APP using Basic for android. In this, the user can input the bus number and route that he wants to enquire. The server will send the information about Bus, such as location, time to reach etc. It will inform immediately if the Bus is cancelled.

Figure 9 Android App for bus route selection [7]

In Figure9 where the commuter select keys in router ID number of bus from the current location of bus to know the location of bus and time required to reach the location of commuter’s .After pressing the key, the mobile communicates with server of Bus and gives the current location of bus along with route and expected time to reach the bus to commuter’s mobile handset.

IX. CONCLUSIONS Vehicle tracking both in case of personal as well as business purpose improves safety and security, communication medium, performance monitoring and increases productivity. So in the coming year, it is going to play a major role in our day-to-day living. By using this system, we can monitor the traffic in real-time.

X. FUTURE SCOPE For future enhancement, we may develop a vehicle tracking and monitoring system using GPS, GSM/GPRS with high speed processor. The system will have latest technology and optimized algorithm with moderate cost. The system may focus on accurate arrival time prediction and real time position of vehicle. The system can be installed in buses, cars and trucks.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to acknowledge staff, management and the professor for supporting me in providing the infrastructure and support for the completion of this paper.

REFERENCES

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