Globus ppt

Globus and Gridbus Architecture

By: Haftom Aregawi

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OutlineBackgroundGlobus architecture

Globus ToolkitGridbus Architecture

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Background

Globus its self a community for open source software development (OGSI)

and relate documentation for the creation of grid technologies

In 1998 first version of Globus Toolkit (GT) released, and version 2.0 was

released in 2002. It was developed by using C programming language, first

it was useful for LINUX platforms and it was not fully supported for

Microsoft platforms. (Lock, R 2002) (Russell Lock. 11 February 2002 "An

introduction to the Globus toolkit"). Globus Toolkit 2 consist of components

Grid Resource Allocation Management (GRAM), Grid File Transfer

Protocol (GridFTP) and Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS).

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Globus architecture The Globus project provides open source software toolkit that

can be used to build computational grids and grid based

applications. It allows sharing of computing power, databases,

and other resources securely across corporate, institutional and

geographical boundaries without sacrificing local autonomy.

The core services, interfaces and protocols in the Globus toolkit

allow users to access remote resources seamlessly while

simultaneously preserving local control over who can use

resources and when.

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Globus architecture…

Figure: Globus architecture

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Globus architecture… The Globus Architecture has three main groups of services

accessible through a security layer. Resource management, Data Management ,and Information services.

Resource management: The resource management supports for: Resource allocation, Submitting jobs, and Managing job status and progress .

Information services: provides support for collecting information in the grid and for querying this information, based on the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).

Data management: provides support to transfer files among machines in the grid and for the management of these transfers.

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Globus architecture… The local services layer contains the operating system services,

network services like TCP / IP , cluster scheduling services provided

by Load Leveler, job-submission, query of queues, and soon. The

higher layers of the Globus model enable the integration of multiple or

heterogeneous clusters. The core services layer contains the Globus

toolkit building blocks for security, job submission, data management

and resource information management. The high level services and

tools layer contains tools that integrate the lower level services or

implement missing functionality.

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Globus architecture… GSI Security Layer

The GSI uses public key cryptography (also known as asymmetric

cryptography) as the basis for its functionality. Many of the terms and

concepts used in this description of the GSI come from its use of public

key cryptography.

The primary motivations behind the GSI are: The need for secure communication between elements of a

computational Grid.

The need to support security across organizational boundaries

The need to support "single sign-on" for users of the Grid

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Globus architecture… GSI Security Layer …

Public Key Cryptography

Digital Signatures

Certificate

Mutual Authentication

Confidential Communication

Securing Private Keys

Delegation and Single Sign-On

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Globus architecture… GSI Security Layer …

Public Key Cryptography: is cryptography in which a pair of keys is used to encrypt and

decrypt a message so that it arrives securely.

Digital Signatures: Digital signatures are the public-key primitives of message

authentication.

Certificate: is a user's Public Key, which has been signed and encrypted using the private

key of a well-known Certificate Authority.

Mutual Authentication: Mutual authentication, also called two-way authentication, is a

process or technology in which both entities in a communications link authenticate each

other.

Confidential Communication: protecting the information from disclosure to unauthorized

parties.

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Globus architecture… Globus Toolkit

Three pyramids: Globus Toolkit has three pyramids of support built on

top of a security infrastructure, as illustrated in Figure. They are: Resource management Data management Information services

Fig: Globus toolkit three pyramid

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Globus architecture… Globus Toolkit…

Resource management: The resource management pyramid provides support

for:

Resource allocation

Submitting jobs: Remotely running executable files and receiving results

Managing job status and progress

Information services: provides support for collecting information in the grid

and for querying this information, based on the Lightweight Directory Access

Protocol (LDAP).

Data management: provides support to transfer files among machines in the

grid and for the management of these transfers.

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Globus architecture… Components of Globus Toolkit

Globus provides a component to implement resource management, data management, and information services

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Globus architecture… Components of Globus Toolkit…

GRAM/GASS : The primary components of the resource management

pyramid are the Grid Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM) and the Global

Access to Secondary Storage (GASS).

MDS: Based on the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), the Grid

Resource Information Service (GRIS) and Grid Index Information Service

(GIIS) components can be configured in a hierarchy to collect the information

and distribute it.

Grid FTP : is a key component for the secure and high-performance data

transfer. The Globus Replica Catalog and Management is used to register and

manage both complete and partial copies of data sets.

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Grid Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM): is the module that provides the

remote execution and status management of the execution. When a job is submitted

by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by the gatekeeper

daemon located in the remote host. Then the gatekeeper creates a job manager to

start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager sends the status

information back to the client and terminates. It contains the following elements:

The globusrun command

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

The gatekeeper daemon

The job manager

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Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS): provides access to static and dynamic information of resources. Basically, it contains the following components: DS):

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Globus architecture… Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS)…

Resource information: Resource information contains the objects managed by

MDS, which represent components resources .

Grid Resource Information Service (GRIS): is the repository of local resource

information derived from information providers.

Grid Index Information Service (GIIS): GIIS is the repository that contains

indexes of resource information registered by the GRIS and other GIISs.

Information providers: The information providers translate the properties and

status of local resources to the format defined in the schema and configuration files.

MDS client: The MDS client is based on the LDAP client command, ldapsearch. A

search for resource information that you want in your grid environment is initially

performed by the MDS client.

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Gridbus Architecture Grid technologies such as Globus provide capabilities and services required for

secure access and execution of a job on resources. However, to achieve the complete vision of Grid as a utility computing environment, a number of challenges need to be addressed.

They include composition of analysis software as a distributed application, resource brokering methodologies and strategies for scheduling data-driven applications, data grid economy for data management, application service specification, and accounting of resource consumption.

The application development and deployment services need to scale from desktop environment to global grids and need to support both scientific and business applications

Grid bus emphasizes the end-to-end qulaity-of-sevices driven by computational economy at various levels – clusters, peer-to-peer networks, and the grid for the management of distributed computational, data and application services.

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Gridbus Architecture…

Fig: Gridbus architecture

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Gridbus Architecture… Gridbus supports commoditization of Grid services at various levels:

Raw resource level ( eg. Selling CPU cycles and storage resources ) Application level ( eg: molecular docking operations for drug design application ) Aggregated services ( eg: brokering and reselling of services across multiple

domains ) Gridbus provides software technologies that spread across the following

categories: Enterprise Grid middleware ( Alchemi ) Service-level agreements based allocation of cluster resources ( Libra) Grid economy and virtual enterprise ( Grid Market Directory, Compute Power

Market ) Grid trading and accounting services ( GridBank ) Grid resource brokering and scheduling ( GridBus Broker ) Grid workflow management ( GridBus workflow Engine ) Grid Application programming interface ( Visual Parametric Modeller ) Grid portals ( Gmonitor, Gridscape) Grid modeling and simulation ( GridSim)

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