From fit&forget to #IoT driven distribution grids in @dream_smartgrid

2012Grenoble Electrical Engineering Laboratory (G2Elab)Schneider Electric Utility Innovation

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FROM FIT&FORGET TO #IoT DRIVEN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKTHE IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDIZATION & DECENTRALIZATION

Increase Summer School 2015Gaspard Lebel - VPP & Smart Grid Innovation

Gent – Belgium - July 15th

[email protected] gaspard-lebel @gaspardlebel

Gaspard Lebel | G2Elab | Schneider Electric Innovation | July 2015

MSc in Energy systems and associated markets

First experience of Demand Response aggregationof TSOs services supply

Industrial PhD in ancillary services supply to the Utilities based on DER coordination (VPP)

From Business Analysis to Field Test demo.

Involvement in 3 European Projects & Innovation initiave.

Formal meeting with major European DSOs Innovation managers

Presentation

• 2

gaspard-lebel

[email protected]

@gaspardlebel

From

energym

arketanalysisto D

SO

soperation

@


Foreword | Grid Automation Roadmap | Challenges | SGAM | Dream FP7 use cases Foreword

Outline

The Smart Grid back in its context

The history of feeder automation & the illusion of100% Smart Grid functions roll-out

The decentralization & standardization as keyschallenges to come

The opportunity of SGAM standardization commitee forinteroperability

The application of decentralized Smart Grid functionsin

• 3

Grid Automation Roadmap Challenges Dream FP7 use cases SGAM

Gaspard Lebel | G2Elab | Schneider Electric Innovation | July 2015 • 4

Foreword | Grid Automation Roadmap | Challenges | SGAM | Dream FP7 use cases

Foreword


Foreword

The political & societal reality should be kept in mindfor any R&D contribution in Power Networks:

Decarbonisation of the power production assets

Trends of electrification of things to handle

(Heat Pumps, Electrical Vehicles)

… to be satisfied at the cheapest cost for the Society

• 5

Role of the Grid:

Minimization of the non feed-in energy through:

Maximization of market coupling

Power quality regulation & congestion management



Foreword

Need for pragmatism & cost minimization at the scale of the public society

• 6

?3kW

x400hr

PV

Grid reinforcement

Hot water

+ Intelligence

Study EWI: 10%curtailment enablesto double the gridintegration ability

RES-E curtailment

Thermal Storage

+ Intelligence

Chemical Storage

/ /



Foreword

• 7

Grid reinforcement

100%

+ +

90%

+ +

= x MWh/y

= z MWh/y

xz

?

Additional Capacity

Hot water

+ Intelligence/




Technical Road Map of Network Automation


Technical Road Map of Network Automation

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Challenges


Challenges of decentralization

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20172015Not yet really DSO-operated in FR

5% roll-out + highoperation delay (≈ 4hr)

No LV measurement neither DSO-controlled assets

No precise MV current& voltage sensors No MV/LV

OLTC

10-15% of remotellycontrolled switch gearBut:

Anectodal(100-150MW)

Full feeder automation capability coming soon……but with which roll-out?



100% Smart Grid roll-out scenario

100% of:

Smart Meters :

MV/LV substation RTU :

MV/LV OLTC :

+ Standardization cost, ICT cost, etc.

• 19

170 €+ 100 €+ 200 €

= 500 – 700 €

= 17 – 24 B€

per end-user

for ErDF

9 – 12* GW of on-shore wind power

*2€/W installed costFrance Sept. 2014:

8.8GW installed

100% Smart-Grid



Challenges of decentralization

Blind LV networks especiallyfrom the DMS view

Only down the meters flexibilityavailable in the LV

Uncertainties around the Smart Meters

No short-term massive network automation roll-out

At short term, still surgicalaction of DSO for constraintmanagement

While technology is almost there!

• 20

Claim

Decentralized solution

Not DMS-related

Based on step-by-stepautomation

Involving the down the meters flexibility

unknown• Effective DSOs’ need?

• Interoperability

Centralized Real-time

delay in FR: ≈4hr



Challenge of standardization

New paradigm & opportunity of standardization:

DSOs as private ICT network operator

= opportunity of ICT channel sharing to connect DER

DSOs as manager of non DSO-owned assets

= need for communication capability between RTUs & DERs

Perspective of too many DER to connect

= need for DMS & RTUs compliant connectivity

Presence of too large DER critical size to pay-back business-as-usualload controller

= opportunity of standardization for cost leverage through native protocol embedment.

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Issue of going through the meter:

• 22

DMS

Power Power

ICT (PLC) ICT (RX/TX)

ICT (TCP/IP)

Regulatory issue

Server- 8-2

ADSL box

Energy BoxSmart MeterMV/LV RTU




Issue of going through the meter:

• 23

Power Power

ICT (PLC) ICT (RX/TX)

ICT (TCP/IP)

Server

- 8-2

ADSL box

Energy BoxSmart MeterMV/LV RTU



SGAM



SGAM

Developped by under Mandate M/490 of the European Commission

Driver: « Interoperability is seen as a key enabler of Smart Grid »

Interoperabitily is not only technical

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Arnaud Ulian Business Use Case definition


GridWise Architecture Council(GWAC)

Deliverable 2.1 Business Use Cases Definition and Requirements


SGAM

Interoperability Layers

• 26

GridWise Architecture Council(GWAC)

SGAM




SGAM

• 27

Physical distribution of all participating components:System actors + power system equipment + network infra.

Protocols & mecanism for interoperable information exchange

Recap information exchanged between function, services &components

Represent the business view of the information exchangerelated to Smart Grid function

Describe function & services + their architectural relationship=> Function represented independantly from actors andphysical implementation Function = use case functionality

Info

rmat

ion

driv

en



SGAM

• 28

Smart Grid Plane

Hierarchical level for the management of the electrical process –

thanks to information

Power System Managementelectrical process OR information management

Energy Conversion Chain



SGAM

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DG only (MV)

Prosumer (DG+DR)

Physical process & associated equipment(generators, transformers, cables, loads)

Protection, Control & Monitoring equipment(protec. Relays, bay controllers, RTUs, etc.)

Companies’ commercial & org. processes and services (asset manag. work force manag.,

customer relation, billing & procurement)

SCADA systems(DSM, ESM, VPP & DER controllers)

Adressable Markets(wholesale, retail, ancillary services, etc.)

Aggregation entities(data concentration, functionnal aggregation, etc.)

Smart Grid Plane

Real-time functions



SGAM

• 30

x

SGAM Framework

Smart GridPlane


SGAM Framework



SGAM

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SGAM Framework

SGAM Framework

Development methodology

1

2

3

5

4

Use case



SGAM

Application of SGAM on a use case of Reactive Power

Control based on DER

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1 Component Layer

CEN-CENELEC-ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group Smart Grid Reference Architecture – November 2012

Example:



SGAM



• 33

1

2

Component Layer

Business Layer


Example:



SGAM



• 34

1

2

3

Component Layer

Business Layer

Function Layer


Example:



SGAM



• 35

1

2

3

4

Component Layer

Business Layer

Function Layer

Information Layer


Example:



SGAM



• 36

1

2

3

4

Component Layer

Business Layer

Function Layer

Information Layer


Example:



SGAM



• 37

1

2

3

5

4

Component Layer

Business Layer

Function Layer

Information Layer

Communication Layer


Example:




LV4MV:A CONCEPT OF VOLTAGE MANAGEMENT USING DER FLEXIBILITY



Network Operation Driver: - assuming a 2015 network

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Decentralized solution

Not DMS-related

Based on step-by-stepautomation

Involving the down the metersflexibility

Over voltage feedback

Assets Management Driver:

- solve LV voltage violation induced by PV

Voltage violation on the distribution network are induced by PV

80% of PV connection points occur in LV Grids

The LV is a « blind word »

Paradigm:


3 Secondary Substation RTU


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Material:

Process

#IoT connected LV voltage sensor17

8

Smart Metering 10

MV/LV OLTC

End-user Energy Boxes

9

11 Distributed Generation Curtailment Controller

OR:

OPTIONNAL:

11

8

10

9

3

3

1717



• 41



Process

11

8

10

9

3

3

1717



• 42



11

8

10

9

3

3

1717

€ €

Process



• 43



11

8

10

9

3

3

€

1717

€

Process



• 44



11

8

10

9

3

3

1717

Process



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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

NodesV

olta

ge (

pu)

Voltage profile in the MV network, h=1.30pm

Network losses minimization on a real

MV network

ErDF profiles, S26,j4 (last week of June, 2011)

0 2 4 6 8 10 120.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

Nodes

Vol

tage

(pu

)

Voltage profile along the LV network, h=1.30pm

Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3

Vadm=[0,91;1,070]

2 4 6 8 10 120.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

Nodes

Vol

tage

(pu

)



Vadm=[0,91;1,035]

Solution: Determination of the MV admissible voltag e ranges at the critical MV/LV substations


At MV/LV transformers… Are voltage profiles

compliant down the LV feeders?0,91 pu

1,070 pu

0,91 pu

1,035 pu

1,040 pu

© E.Vanet, G2Elab

No

Should be used instead

LV still ok?



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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

NodesV

olta

ge (

pu)

Voltage profile in the MV network, h=1.30pm

0,91 pu

1,070 pu

2 4 6 8 10 120.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

Nodes

Vol

tage

(pu

)



Vadm=[0,91;1,035]

-0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025

0

10

20

30

MV admissible voltage ranges with respect to DER activation

Flexibility amount (pu)

Bid

Pric

e (c

€)

0.9

1

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

MV

adm

issi

ble

volta

ge r

ange

(pu

)

+ Step-by-step LV DER

activation process


At MV/LV transformers… Are voltage profiles

compliant down the LV feeders?

Solution: Determination of the MV admissible voltag e ranges at the critical MV/LV substations

Network losses minimization on a real

MV network

ErDF profiles, S26,j4 (last week of June, 2011)

© E.Vanet, G2Elab

Vadm=[0,91;1,050]

Activating 0.016pu of Flexibility for 0.29€ enable to increase the MV admissible voltage range

0,91 pu

1,035 pu

1,040 pu



DER-coordinated self-healing





Be Smart-Grid-Pragmatic

Conclusion


Thanks for your attention


Open Discussion