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PollutionDefinition:
The introduction into the environment, by people, of substances or energy liable to cause harm to living creatures or ecological systems.
Pollution
How did pollution begin?• More sophisticated lifestyles.
• Growing needs of people.
• Accelerated rates of human and economic
activities.
Pollution
Pollution
Air Water Land
Noise Pollution:
production of unwanted sounds that are annoying, distracting or damaging to one’s hearing.
Air Pollution
What is air pollution?
• contamination of the air by noxious gases and minute particles of solid and liquid matter (particulates) in concentrations that have undesirable effect on living being.
Modernization and progress have led to air getting more and more polluted over the years. Industries, vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the major factors responsible for air pollution.
The following industries are among those that emit a great deal of pollutants into the air: thermal power plants, cement, steel, refineries, petro-chemicals, and mines.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY POLLUTANT1. PRIMARY POLLUTAN• Those emitted directly into air
2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT• produced through reactions between
primary pollutants and natural atmospheric compound
Pollutants of air :
Particulate pollutants - are solids or liquids with size < 100 microns that remain suspended in the atmosphere.
Dust Fumes Smoke Mist Fog Bacteria
Gaseous - Toxic and poisonouse.g. CO, chlorine, NH3, H2S, SO2, NO2, CO2.
Major Pollutants
Ozone Transient damagePermanent damage
-accelerated aging of the lung Carbon monoxide
- heart disease - lung diseases - central nervous system
↓ response to external stimuli (symptoms similar of flu)
- Normal individual during strenuous work
Sources of Outside Air Pollution• Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon
fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes• Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur
bones)
• Insecticides
• Herbicides
• Everyday radioactive fallouts• Dust from fertilizers
• Mining operations,Livestock feedlots
• Festives like diwali
Sources of Indoor pollution• Efficient insulation• Bacteria• Molds and mildews• Viruses• animal dander and cat saliva• plants• house dust• Mites• Cockroaches• pollen
Around 30-40% of cases of asthma and 20-30% of all respiratory diseases may be linked to air pollution
- increased acute respiratory diseases - lowered lung function in children
- increased sickness rates; - increases in mortality
Effects on the environment• Acid rain• Ozone depletion• Global warming• In human
population- respiratory problems, allergies, strengthens lugs, and a risk for cancer
Acid rain• contains high levels of sulfuric
or nitric acids • contaminate drinking water
and vegetation• damage aquatic life• erode buildings• Alters the chemical equilibrium
of some soils
*Howstuffworks.com
Control of air pollution
Society Industries– Legislation– guidelines for siting of industries– emission standards for industries– development of pollution prevention
technologies
Vehicular pollution– cleaner fuel quality
And so…..
• "WHO would like to provide its 191 Member States with irrefutable evidence that air pollution causes disproportionately heavy burden of
disease" Dr Michael Repacholi
WHO Coordinator,Occupational and Environmental Health
Laws• Various laws has been established to curb
the menace of air pollution - Policy statement for Abatement of
Pollution, 1992. - National Conservation Strategy & Policy
statement on environment & development,1992.
-Air (Prevention & control of pollution)Act, 1981
-Air (Prevention & control of pollution ) Act,1981
Laws continued…. -The government is trying to remove the use of leaded petrol, a major cause of air pollution. - the industrial acts are implemented to control the harmful emission of gases. - the natural management team is is
hardcore work to minimise the effect of various natural disaster like forest fire, volcanic erruption that are causes of airr pollution.
Strategies• Air Quality Management
Plan
– Development of new technology- electric cars, cleaner fuels, low nitrogen oxide boilers and water healers, zero polluting paints, less polluting BBQ lighter fluids
• Use of natural gas
• Carpooling
• Follow the laws enacted
Recipe for Pollution Success!• Please do not carpool– the more cars on the roads, the
better (who’d want to save gas and money anyway?)• Do not have regular smog checks for your car
• Message to factories: do not filter your smoke stacks- we love the sight of smoke billowing in the sky
• Do not recycle!
• Remember: this can be done anywhere. Pollution is not limited to where you live…. Whatever you do affects everything
References:-
• www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/air
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
• www.controlairpollution.com
• Environmental studies by R. Rajgopalan
• www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/airpollution
THANK YOU