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05/01/2023
1
Energy Crisis, Different Energy Sources and Role of Power ElectronicsBY MAFAZ AHMED
05/01/2023
2 Energy Crisis
Definition “An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, particularly those that supply national electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles.”
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3 Causes of the Energy Crisis
Overconsumption Overpopulation Poor Infrastructure Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
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4 Causes of the Energy Crisis
Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants Wastage of Energy Poor Distribution System Major Accidents and Natural Calamities Wars and Attacks
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5 Causes of the Energy Crisis
Miscellaneous Factors Tax hikes, strikes, political events, severe hot summers or cold winters
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6 Effects on common people
Load shedding The demand of electricity exceeds supply and hence load-shedding
is a common phenomenon through frequent power shutdowns.
Energy Crisis Impact on the Economy Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and crisis of energy directly
influences all other sectors of the economy.
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7 Effects on common people
Agriculture sector Agricultural productivity of Pakistan is decreasing due to provision of
energy for running tube wells, agricultural machinery and production of fertilizers and pesticides.
Unemployment Manufacturing units that do not contain their own power generation
capacity these manufacturing companies are closing down with the high rate, and in the result the rate of unemployment of our country is also increasing.
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8 Effects on industries
Decline Of GDP The industrial sector of any country contributes major share in the GDP. Pakistan’s
industrial sector contributes 24% in gross-domestic product. The GDP is the overall output of what Pakistan earns from its internal resources.
Decline of foreign investor Similarly, healthy environment attracts the foreign investors. It is the foreign
investment which helps country to be counted among developed and prosperous countries.
The countries which witness/experience the foreign direct investment when they fulfill their needs. The needs like basic infrastructure covering roads, transportation, water supply etc.
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9 World Energy Production
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10 World Energy Consumption
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11 Energy Production in Pakistan
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12 Possible Solutions of the Energy Crisis
Move Towards Renewable Resources Buy Energy Efficient products Lighting Controls Energy Simulation Perform Energy Audit
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13 Energy Resources
The following methods can also be used toproduce electricity other than hydro power.
1.Hydro Power2.Thermal Electricity3. Nuclear Electricity4. Bio Electricity5. Solar Power6. Wind Power
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14 Thermal Energy Electricity can be generated by natural resources like Oil, gas
and coal, as it turns liquid water into steam that is use to move the turbine.
A large coal-field, having a resource potential of about 175 billion tones, has been discovered at Thar (Sindh).
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15 Hydro Power The production of electrical power through
the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
Low Cost. Environment friendly.
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16 Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is the energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially
by fission or fusion. energy use processed uranium to make steam and generate electricity. Nuclear electricity generated by Uranium. More electricity can be
produce with little quantity of Uranium.
Plants in Pakistan Karachi 137 MW
Chashma1 325 MW
Chashma2 300 MW
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17 Renewable Energy Energy exists freely in nature. Some of them exist infinitely (never run out,
called RENEWABLE). The rest have finite amounts (they took
millions of years to form, and will run out one day, called NON-RENEWABLE
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18 Bio Mass Power Renewable organic materials, such as wood, agricultural crops or
wastes, and municipal wastes, especially when used as a source of fuel or energy.
Factories producing organic waste material can utilize this method that is textile mill, leather tanneries and sugar mills.
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19 Solar Power Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity,
either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).
Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small.
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20 Wind Energy• Wind energy or wind power is extracted
from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical energy.
• Word Windmills are Used in general.
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21 Role of Power Electronics
Power Electronics plays crucial role of conversion and control electrical power.
Power Electronics based power converters are also widely used in renewable energy systems.
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22 Power Inverter
A power inverter is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
The inverter does not produce any power; but changes power from one form to the other.
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23 Types of Power Inverters
Classification based on Output voltage waveform
1. Square wave inverter
2. Sine wave inverter
3. Modified sine wave inverter
Classification based on Application
1. Grid-Tied Inverter
2. Off-grid Inverter
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24 Grid-Tied Inverter
A grid-tie inverter is a power inverter that has ability to synchronize to interface with a utility line.
Grid-Tied Inverter is useful to integrate distributive micro grids with a common transmission line.
To remove the energy deficiency Grid-tied converters can play an important role to integrate the power generating from distributive sources with national grid.
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25 Performance Parameter of Inverters Efficiency
what percentage of the power that goes into the inverter comes out as usable AC current (Measure of in system losses)
Total Harmonic Distortion Measure of the quality of output voltage or current
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26
THE END
