energy consumption calculator

05/03/2023

Under the Guidance ofMr. Pratapsinh Parmar

Assistant Professor,Electrical Department

Prepared By:1. Bamaniya Harshad G 2. Gherwara Nirav R 3. Patel Dhruval M

140553109003140553109011140553109034

Engineering College, TuwaDepartment of Electrical Engineering

Project Presentation Review

on

CALCULATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR DOMESTIC

LOAD

05/03/2023 2

Contents• Abstract• Introduction

Consumption and billing Billing of Consumption Ways of billing

• Objectives• Literature Survey• Literature Review• Problem Formulation• Proposed Methodology• Hardware Description

Block Diagram Circuit Diagram

• Advantages

Engineering College ,Tuwa

05/03/2023 3

Contents contd…

• Limitations• Application• Future work• References


05/03/2023 4

Abstract

The demand for electrical energy has increased exponentially over the last many years. To improve the energy efficiency, consumers needs to be more aware of their energy consumption. This has increased the emphasis on the need for accurate and economic methods of energy consumption. It enables the user to read the meter readings regularly without any confusion. It can be achieved by the use of micro-controller unit that continuously monitors and records the energy consumption readings. The Hardware is developed to read the consumption of particular equipment so that one can know about it consumption. This will help to optimum the use of electrical energy and so that the advantages of increased efficiency, effective utilization and amount of monthly bill can be achieved.


05/03/2023 5

Introduction

• Electrical energy is widely used in day to day life in various applications.

• There are three main parts of power system network. Generation Transmission Distribution


Fig.1 Generation, Transmission & Distribution

05/03/2023 6

Introduction contd…

• Consumption of electrical energy in house hold work varies with Standard of living Climate Types of residence


Fig.2 Average Domestic Energy Consumption

05/03/2023 7


• Billing of Consumption Knowledge about the total monthly consumption. Have to pay all fixed charges + Consumption charge

• Ways of billing By various tariffs. Normal as well as prepaid energy meters.


Fig.3 Normal energy meter Fig.4 Prepaid energy meter

05/03/2023 8


• If 15 W bulb runs for 1000 hours , it consumes energy of 15 × 1000 = 15,000Wh or 15kWh.

• If the cost of 1 unit is considered 6 /kWh then the bill for this ₹application will be 15 × 6 = 90 . ₹

• In billing system, monthly consumption of all equipment are taken into account for calculation of bill.

• So, that one can know, how much amount of total electrical energy used in a month.


05/03/2023 9

Objective

• This project consider following objectives : Expressing a value to be minimizing energy consumption. Reduce energy consumption in the home. Determined an individual’s role and responsible for energy

consumption. Explaining what is meant by individual electrical equipment energy

consumption.


05/03/2023 10

Literature Survey


• Kiran Thomas, et al[1] discussed about the Automatic Energy Calculation. They also sets out general issues that are relevant to the debate on the future of energy in the residential sector and how it is understood and controlled.

• Lan Richardson, et al[2] talking about Domestic Electricity Use and Calculation. They presents a high-resolution model of domestic electricity use, that is based upon a combination of daily activity profiles that characterize how people spend their time performing certain activities.

• Y. Narendra Kumar, et al[3] are explaining about Microcontroller Based Consumption Monitoring and Warning System and also explaining to consumer for taking care regarding his/her electrical energy consumption. Protect him/her from the extra charges incurred due to minor changes in slab categories, even though these changes are small but they affect the consumer’s bill severely.

05/03/2023 11

Literature Survey contd…

• Sushi S, et al[4] analyzed Household Energy Consumption of Lighting and account for a large percentage of household energy consumption. Consequently, it is estimated that the energy consumption of domestic electric appliances will decrease by some amount from the older level, mainly due to the energy savings expected for domestic appliances.

• D. Vimal, et al[5] according to them Many consumers could simply unplug their appliances and go on holidays, assuming that their electricity meter would just stop. In this paper, standby power consumption of various domestic appliances was determined using an energy cost meter. The experimental results shows that the standby power of various house hold electrical appliances is consuming more electricity during standby mode.


05/03/2023 12

Literature Survey contd…

• Nadia Afroze , et al[6] discussed about Design and Implementation of Wireless Digital Energy Meter using Microcontroller. They presents a micro-controller based wireless digital energy meter to facilitate energy consumption measurement. This project has thus provided a simple, accurate and useful information to the consumer so that one know about real time consumption of particular appliances.


05/03/2023 13

Literature Review• From the above literature survey, conclude that, the 1st literature

survey suggest the saving of energy consumption. From 2nd literature survey, it gives the idea about the energy consumption of daily activities. In 3rd literature survey, it suggests consumer shall aware for energy consumption and awareness of extra charges. Last paper is very useful for this project work, it suggest the idea about real time consumption with cost using microcontroller.


05/03/2023 14

Problem Formulation• As the electrical energy consumption is proportional to the

usage of electricity, the higher usage of electricity leads to the higher bill costing.

• The household cannot control the usage of electricity because there is no indicator or measurement that can tell them the amount cost of energy usage.

• Other than that, in conventional energy meters, it shows only the usages of our house holds application in kWh only.

• That one can’t know about the actual bill of his monthly consumption.

• Also that one can not know about real time billing of his consumption.


05/03/2023 15

Problem Formulation contd…

• So in this work, meter displays the pricing information. It is because many households could not understand the readings in kWh.

• The main work of this model is to aware the consumer about its real time consumption of particular load.

• Hence, this calculation of energy consumption project is developed to provide the real time consumption detail of every load and about his/her bill.


05/03/2023 16

Methodology• Use 230V AC for the supply.• Connection of a device to the load which is considered.• CT - Current Measurement.• PT - Voltage Measurement.• Power Consumption Calculation.• 12V AC converts into 12V DC using rectifier. • Microcontroller gets 5V DC supply from IC 7805.• Both signals are given to Microcontroller.• Real time consumption of individual equipment will be displayed

on LCD.


05/03/2023 17

Block Diagram


Microcontroller

AVR atmega16

Power supply Transformer

230/12 V

AC to DC convertor

Relay

Display Unit

LED indication

Voltage regulator IC12V to 5 V

Fig.5 Energy consumption calculator

Relay Driver

Load

CT & PT

05/03/2023 18

Block Diagram contd…

Transformer :

Fig.6 Transformer

An AC device used to change high voltage low current AC into low voltage high current AC and vice-versa without changing the frequency, here its converts 230 v into 12 v.


05/03/2023 19


Rectifiers :

Fig.7 Rectifier

A diode bridge is an arrangement of four diode. A bridge circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input. It is used in most common application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into a dircet current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier.


05/03/2023 20


Voltage Regulator IC :

Fig.8 Voltage Regulator IC

Voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. Here IC 7805 provides 5 volts regulated power supply to the microcontroller.


05/03/2023 21


Microcontroller atmega16 :

Fig.9 Microcontroller atmega16

The most basic microcontroller can perform simple math operations, control digital outputs, and monitor digital inputs. Microcontroller atmega16 is much faster, has more memory and also it has inbuilt analog-to-digital converters, high-speed timers and counters, etc.


05/03/2023 22


Relay Driver :

Fig.10 Relay Driver

The BC747 transistor is used for relay driver, It is used in general-purpose switching the relay.


05/03/2023 23


Relay :

Fig.11 Relay

To control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of modems, and also use for switching.


05/03/2023 24


LCD Display :

Fig.12 LCD Dsiplay

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2,Which is 8-bit LCD. This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines.


05/03/2023 25

Circuit Diagram


05/03/2023 26

Components


COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS

MICROCONTROLLER AT MEGA 16 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range32 Programmable I/O Lines

16 PIN CONNECTOR ----

2 PIN CONNECTOR ----RELAY ----DIODE 1N4007, 1AmpCAPACITOR 1000 μFTRANSFORMER 230v/12v step down transformerLOADS LOAD – 1 – BULB – 230V

LOAD – 2 – PUMP – 230VLOAD – 3 – FAN – DC FAN –12v

LCD 16*2 DISPLAY (16 COLUMN AND 2 ROW DISPLAY)

05/03/2023 27

Components contd…


SWITCH SPDT push switch

RELAY DRIVER BC547 TRANSISTOR

LED ----VOLTAGE REGULATOR IC 7805 ICAC MAINS CORE ----

05/03/2023 28

Advantages• Idea about the usage of electricity by particular equipment.• Accurate consumption of particular equipment over a certain

period of time.• The total electricity cost over that period.• Efficient usage can be determined by output data.


05/03/2023 29

Limitations• Programming is quite complex.• For particular load needs individual relay and relay driver.


05/03/2023 30

Application• Calculation of energy for individual domestic load.


05/03/2023 31

Future work• As this unit consumes some power from the supply mains, to

nullify this effect we may use a solar panel which powers this circuit by charging a battery so that the running cost of this device is reduced.


05/03/2023 32

References[1] Vignesh S, Kiran Thomas,“Automatic Energy Calculation” Department

of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India, International Journal of Computer Science & Communication Networks, vol. 3, pp. 117-125.

[2] Ian Richardson , Murray Thomson , David Infield and Conor Clifford “Domestic Electricity Use and Calculation”, in Loughborough University's Institutional Repository, US, Elsevier -2010 , pp. 1878-1887.

[3] Y.Narendra Kumar, P.Bahadur, “Microcontroller Based Consumption Monitoring and Warning System”, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jonnada, Andhra- pradesh, India, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN : 2248-9622, vol. 4, April 2014, pp.121-128

[4] Shushi S, Ayaka M, “Analysis of Household Energy Consumption of Lighting and Electric Appliances” in Intercultural Understanding-2013, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8121, Japan, pages 17-21.


05/03/2023 33

References contd…

[5] D. Vimal, M. Sudhakaran, “Estimation of Standby Power Consumption for domestic Appliances” Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mothilal Nehru Government Polytechnic, Pondicherry, India, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 2009, volume 2, pp. 71-75.

[6] Md. Ashiquzzaman, Nadia Afroze, Taufiq Md. Abdullah “Design and Implementation of Wireless Digital Energy Meter using Microcontroller” Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Global Journal of researches in engineering, February 2012 , Volume 12, pp.854-878.

[7] Softcell-electricals ( Feb 15, 2010),Calculate your power usage and cost, Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfo0eZ_qQ8M


05/03/2023 34Engineering College ,Tuwa

THANK YOU…