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Effects of Industrial AccidentsEffects of Industrial Accidents
Industrial Core SectorIndustrial Core Sector • Energy & Power • Petroleum, Gas and
Chemical
• Metals, Minerals and Steel
• Cement
• Coal
• Storage (Raw Material - Solid, Liquid, Gases)
• Process Plant & Machinery
• Utilities ( Power, Steam, Nitrogen etc.)
• Finished Product
• People (Operation, Maintenance and Supporting Staff)
Industrial Domain
Industrial AccidentsIndustrial Accidents“Industrial Accidents are caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical, or other process failures due to accident, negligence or incompetence, in an industrial plant which may spill over to the areas outside the plant causing damage to life and property.”
Industrial AccidentsIndustrial Accidents These may originate in:• Manufacturing and formulation installations
including during commissioning and process operations; maintenance and disposal.
• Material handling and storage in manufacturing facilities, and isolated storages; warehouses and godowns including tank farms in ports and docks and fuel depots.
• Transportation (road, rail, air, water, and pipelines).
• Fire
• Explosion
• Toxic release
• Poisoning
• Combinations of the above
Major Threats
• Process deviations i.e pressure, temperature & flow. • Parameters with regard to the state of the substance
i.e., solid, liquid or gas, proximity to other toxic substances.
• Runaway reaction.• Hardware failure, resulting in large-scale spills of
toxic substances.• Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE)
on the chemicals during transportation.
PROBABLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
• Electrical failure• Cutting and welding• Open flame• Carelessness• Poor housekeeping• Smoking• Sabotage
• Meteorology of the area, wind speed and direction, rate of precipitation, toxicity/quantity of chemical released, population in the reach of release, probability of formation of lethal mixtures and other industrial activities in vicinity.
COMPOUNDING OF EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
Impact of Industrial Impact of Industrial AccidentsAccidents
Living Organisms
Industrial Accidents
Environment Property
Humans Livestock Plants
Immediate, Short-termand Long-term Effects
Soil and Water Bodies Atmosphere
PollutionDeath, Injury, Disease and Disability
Major ConsequencesMajor Consequences Loss of life / injuries Impact on livestock Damage to Flora/fauna Environmental Impact (air, soil,water) Financial losses to industry.
FILXBOROUGH, 01.06.1974, UK
MEXICO CITY, 19.11.1984,
Bhopal Gas TragedyBhopal Gas Tragedy • Worst industrial disaster in history• 2,000 people died on immediate
aftermath• Another 13,000 died in next fifteen
years• 10-15 persons dying every month • 520,000 diagnosed chemicals in
blood causing different health complications
• 120,000 people still suffering from o Cancero Tuberculosiso Partial or complete blindness, o Post traumatic stress disorders,o Menstrual irregularities
• Rise in spontaneous abortion and stillbirth
Oil Rig ExplosionOil Rig Explosion
What could have What could have prevented these losses?prevented these losses?
RISK CONTROL MEASURES
• Physical Protection• Procedural Protection• Educational Protection
•Strict & Rigorous approach in following the Relevant Standards , Codes & Practices
•Built in Safety Devices and Safety System
•Venting through Tall stacks
•Field Monitors for Different Toxic Gases
•Burning Waste gases in a Flare System
Physical Protection
•Provision of Wind Cones
•Fire Proofing of Steel Structures
•PPE
•Passive Protection System
•Active Protection system
•Automatic Protection system
PROCEDURAL PROTECTION
•Fire Emergency Procedure
•Disaster Preparedness Plan
•Mutual Aid Scheme
•No Smoking Policy
•Investigation of All Accidents
•Hazard Identification through Safety Committee, House Keeping Committee, Safety audit Committee
•Conducting Plant Survey, safety survey
•Work Permit System
Contd.
• Safety promotional activities
• Information notes on unsafe conditions
• MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
• Annual Medical Check up of Employees
• Safe Start up & Shut Down Procedure
• Regular and Preventive Maintenance
• Periodic testing of Fire Fighting Appliances
•Periodic Training Program on Safety, Fire Safety and Hazardous properties of materials
•Mock Fire Drill
•Safety Manuals
•Health & Safety News Bulletins, leaflets
•Safety Motivation schemes
•Plant Operating Manual
•Educating the Public Living nearby about the activities in the industry
EDUCATIONAL PROTECTION
Thank you