Dr.R.Narayanasamy - Formability of Automobile grade steels

Ohm namo narayanaDr.R.NARAYANASAMYProfessor,Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.

Project TitleFormability and Wrinkling Limit diagrams and their analysis of High strength I.F., Dual Phase, HSLA and other steels sheets supplied by M/s. TATA STEEL TISCO Ltd, Jamshedpur, India

Principal Research Investigator Dr.R.NARAYANASAMYProfessor,Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.

Co-Research Investigator

Dr.C.SATHIYANARAYANANAssistant Professor,Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sheet Metals Supplied by M/s. TATA Steel India Ltd

Interstitial Free Steel sheets0.6 mm thickness0.9 mm thickness1.2 mm thickness1.6 mm thickness

Sheet Metals

Micro Alloyed steel 1.2 mm thicknessCarbon-Manganese steel 1.4 mm thicknessExtra Gal 0.72 mm thickness.Bake Hardened steel 0.82 mm thickness.SPRC 35 steel 0.7,1.0,1.2 mm thickness.SPRC 40 steel 0.7 mm thickness E 36 steel 2.0 mm thickness

Sheet MetalsHigh Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steel of thickness 1.6 mmExtra Deep Drawing Quality (EDDQ) Steel of Thickness 1.2 mmStainless Steel 430 Grade 1.6 mm thickness.

ObjectiveTensile PropertiesForming Limit DiagramStrain DistributionFractographyTexture studyOther related parameters

Tensile TestStandard Specimen PreparedLoad is applied and corresponding deformation (length, width and thickness)- measured.True stress and true strain calculatedTrue stress and true strain graph drawn.

Tensile Test Specimen

Tensile Testn- strain hardening exponentSlope of the true stress-true strain curve.K- strength coefficientK true stress value when the true strain is 0.1

Tensile Testr- ratio of width strain to thickness strainSpecimens- cut in 0, 45 & 90 to the rolling directionn = (n0+ 2n45+n90)/4r - normal anisotropyr = (r0+ 2r45+r90)/4

Need of Forming Limit DiagramSheet metals are subjected to various strain conditions namely Tension-tension (bi-axial stretching), Plane strain and tension-compression (deep drawing)Limiting strain differ in different conditions FLD tool to evaluate the limiting strain under various strain conditions.

ProcedureSheets 200x200, 200x180, 200x160, 200x140, 200x120, 200x100, 200x80 mm.Circular grid pattern of initial diameter 3.25mm - etchedFormed up to fracture Double action hydraulic press BEMCO make - 200 tons capacity.Circles due to deformation become ellipsesMajor diameters and minor diameters - measured

Forming Tool

Forming Limit DiagramMajor strain and minor strain were calculatedSafe region, Necked region, Fracture region for all sheetsGraph is plotted Minor strain in X-axis and Major strain in Y- axisDividing the safe region and unsafe region by smooth curve.

Strain DistributionMajor strain and minor strain measure at different differences from the pole in longitudinal directionStrain distribution profile is plot by taking Distance from the pole in X-axis and Strain in Y-axis.

Strain DistributionThickness strain - measured at different differences from the pole in longitudinal direction, transverse direction and diagonal directionThickness strain distribution profiles were plot by taking Distance from the pole in X-axis and Strain in Y-axis.

Fractography & TextureSamples are cut nearest to the origin of fracture.Observed through Scanning Electron Microscope.Texture of the sheets were also studied for few of the steels.

Interstitial Free Steels0.6 mm thickness0.9 mm thickness 1.2 mm thickness1.6 mm thickness

Chemical Composition

ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmTiBNbIF 0.6mm0.00270.380.0090.010.010.047370.0420.00070.046IF0.9mm0.00270.360.0080.010.010.047360.0420.00070.046IF1.2mm0.00350.40.0080.0070.0440.045350.040.00080.001IF1.6mm0.0030.330.0130.0060.040.04320.0440.00070.001


ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmTiCrNbMicro Alloyed1.2mm0.0081.30.0560.0040.0110.048390.013-0.032C-Mn Steel1.4mm0.151.40.2180.0070.07190.037380.0010.036-


ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmTiCrBSPRC 350.7mm 0.00270.40.0120.0090.0460.033-0.045-0.001SPRC 351.0mm0.00350.380.0090.110.0440.034-0.040-0.0006SPRC 351.2mm0.00270.430.0080.0100.0480.050-0.004-0.0006


ThicknessCMnSiSPAlN ppmCuCrBH steel0.82mm0.0030.280.0080.0050.030.055400.0040.014Extra Gal Steel0.72mm0.0030.280.0080.0050.030.055400.0040.014

Microstructure of HSLA Steel 1.6 mm Thickness

50 mm

50 mm

Microstructure of IF Steel 0.9 mm Thickness


50 mm

Microstructure of Micro alloyed Steel 1.2 mm Thickness10 mm

Microstructure of C-Mn Steel 1.4 mm Thickness10 mm

Microstructure of SPRC 35 Steel 0.7 mm Thickness

10 mm


10 mm

Microstructure of BH Steel 0.82 mm Thickness50mm

Microstructure of Extra Gal Steel 0.72 mm Thickness50mm

Tensile Properties

Sheetn Av.rKMPaIF 0.6 mm0.2961.48562IF 0.9 mm0.3251.37607.8IF 1.2 mm0.3171.0725607IF1.6 mm0.3391.565655.6

Tensile Properties

Sheetn Ave.rKMPaMicro alloyed, 1.2 mm0.18770.9325562C-Mn, 1.4 mm0.20461.2984777.8BH Steel, 0.82 mm0.15791.659824.5Extra Gal, 0.72 mm0.238471.478450

Tensile Properties

Sheetn AverKMPaSPRC 35, 0.7 mm0.23641.5321385.0SPRC 35, 1.0 mm0.28811.6127507.5SPRC 35, 1.2 mm0.25211.1032612.5

FLD for IF Steel sheet with 0.6 mm thickness


Chart1

0.42433359240.49643688630.37843643570.40355852980.42433359240.36662527480.38404267250.43395706390.3294284950.30538164960.40164830960.30538164960.28410425110.42433359240.27763173660.43917616550.4771210970.37647757120.41305527740.43363598510.3137674429

0.44834213250.50336932310.36662527480.39589565710.44468582130.34662460810.3641613020.4131426890.28695926790.31376744290.42433359240.26236426450.27546488850.4717877510.29053514140.4501652870.45198512370.35065687160.41682886680.47889257670.3200109596

0.42620100660.44834213250.42992540570.39397072870.45198512370.32621573650.35203994140.52003167270.31054021050.2926696140.43917616550.27763173660.32621573650.48242614920.25574902530.43178241640.46642580790.32001095960.39204208780.41305527740.3425760196

0.42992540570.51367869270.47889257670.40736805830.4717877510.35266692250.37811965420.43955931950.33976984880.28410425110.39589565710.29692493950.31793411560.42058826970.29692493950.40546510810.49469624180.31376744290.38623374620.46642580790.3158529494

0.44468582130.51538663510.47356869540.37451486210.4501652870.28410425110.35811898750.50619062130.3294284950.31793411560.3842901110.3116775780.31376744290.47534647370.25574902530.40546510810.47534647370.3405455620.40926739410.42992540570.3506568716

0.41682886680.56693586940.44285264020.390109720.428064940.29904583110.36616732070.47971069810.3315053390.32621573650.39781688730.27763173660.33851097330.42433359240.24014112770.43548612440.46642580790.34662460810.41116312920.44468582130.3385109733

0.40736805830.46283513980.39781688730.38039147060.42433359240.27763173660.3701673260.52174841130.3701673260.29904583110.24908973330.35867294660.54232429080.21741287660.40164830960.44285264020.33851097330.48770320630.3179341156

0.44285264020.4717877510.39397072870.48945605520.31793411560.3315053390.48506307480.29774685910.28410425110.34662460810.42433359240.29904583110.43548612440.35065687160.40926739410.3137674429

0.45198512370.46821631870.40926739410.50853729320.3116775780.33771011590.48506307480.3168760290.2579589710.33033096860.38623374620.21741287660.45923153230.35867294660.35867294660.3364722366

0.43178241640.48945605520.41871033490.43178241640.29904583110.2891261160.2926696140.33647223660.48242614920.3764775712

0.3335778786

0.329428495

Necking-Blank Width 80mm

Fracture-Blank Width 80 mm

Safe-Blank Width 80 mm

Necking-Blank Width 100 mm

Fracture-Blank Width 100mm

Safe-Blank Width 100mm







Necking-Blank width 160 mm


Safe-Blank width 160 mm







Minor Strain

Major Strain

Sheet1

4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials4 materials

Sheet dimensions = 300 x 80Sheet dimensions = 300 x 100Sheet dimensions = 300 x 120Sheet dimensions = 300 x 140Sheet dimensions = 300 x 160Sheet dimensions = 300 x 180Sheet dimensions = 300 x 200

Thickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mmThickness of the blank = 0.9 mm

original grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.46 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mmoriginal grid size = 3.50 mm

NeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strainNeckingMajor diaMinor diaMajor strainMinor strain

15.353.210.4243335924-0.086492031415.243.250.4035585298-0.074107972215.083.250.3840426725-0.062613592714.753.480.3053816496-0.005730674714.653.570.28410425110.019802627315.433.910.43917616550.11077440550.252232279915.293.980.41305527740.1285188508

25.483.090.4483421325-0.124591877625.23.180.3958956571-0.095881771724.983.220.364161302-0.0718872295-5.065730094724.793.480.3137674429-0.005730674724.613.530.27546488850.008534902425.493.830.4501652870.090101834725.313.990.41682886680.1310282624

35.363.150.4262010066-0.105360515735.193.280.3939707287-0.064919546134.923.270.3520399414-0.056478604234.693.50.2926696140034.853.580.32621573650.022599831935.393.750.43178241640.068992871535.184.150.39204208780.1703453657

45.383.210.4299254057-0.086492031445.263.180.4073680583-0.095881771745.053.260.3781196542-0.059541393744.653.50.2841042511044.813.580.31793411560.022599831945.253.820.40546510810.087487454145.154.050.38623374620.1459539126

55.463.180.4446858213-0.095881771755.093.180.3745148621-0.095881771754.953.210.3581189875-0.074997651954.813.520.31793411560.005698021154.793.620.31376744290.033711057355.253.780.40546510810.076961041155.274.080.40926739410.15333401990.3746548641

65.313.130.4168288668-0.111729963965.173.170.39010972-0.099031380664.993.240.3661673207-0.065695259364.853.520.32621573650.005698021164.913.650.33851097330.04196419910.123967027465.413.740.43548612440.066322642965.283.890.41116312920.1056461891

75.263.180.4073680583-0.095881771775.123.150.3803914706-0.105360515775.013.250.370167326-0.0626135927-5.91193237674.723.50.2990458311075.013.610.35867294660.030944803875.233.80.40164830960.08223809827

85.453.170.4428526402-0.099031380685.193.10.3939707287-0.12136085784.823.210.331505339-0.0749976519884.953.570.34662460810.019802627388

95.53.090.4519851237-0.1245918776-3.627725438595.273.190.4092673941-0.092742051794.853.290.3377101159-0.0503810243994.873.620.33033096860.033711057399

105.393.20.4317824164-0.0896121587105.323.120.4187103349-0.1149299667-3.6431780761010104.93.560.33647223660.01699757641010

FractureFracture0FractureFractureFractureFractureFracture

15.753.120.4964368863-0.11492996670.305683426515.353.10.4243335924-0.12136085715.343.220.4339570639-0.07188722950.252922146715.233.520.40164830960.00569802110.197975144215.353.550.42433359240.0141846350.205074478715.643.930.4771210970.11587645740.180622319815.44.150.43363598510.17034536570.1316453097

25.793.080.5033693231-0.12783337150.315601347325.463.120.4446858213-0.114929966725.233.250.413142689-0.06261359270.237878140925.353.50.424333592400.212166796225.613.450.471787751-0.01438873750.243088244225.53.850.45198512370.09531017980.17833747225.654.180.47889257670.1775482780.1506721493

35.483.090.4483421325-0.12459187760.28646700535.53.060.4519851237-0.134348052535.823.270.5200316727-0.05647860420.288255138435.433.50.439176165500.219588082735.673.620.48242614920.03371105730.22435754635.583.910.46642580790.11077440550.177825701235.294.080.41305527740.15333401990.1298606287

45.853.110.5136786927-0.11814024230.315909467545.613.190.471787751-0.092742051745.373.210.4395593195-0.07499765190.257278485745.23.50.395895657100.197947828545.333.670.42058826970.04742869360.186579788145.743.870.49469624180.10049153850.197102351645.584.020.46642580790.13851893410.1639534369

55.863.050.5153866351-0.13762137790.326504006555.493.210.450165287-0.086492031455.743.210.5061906213-0.07499765190.290594136655.143.510.3842901110.0028530690.19071852155.633.450.4753464737-0.01438873750.244867605655.633.950.47534647370.12095261040.177196931655.384.130.42992540570.16551443850.1322054836

66.173.120.5669358694-0.11492996670.34093291865.373.250.42806494-0.074107972265.593.250.4797106981-0.06261359270.271162145465.213.490.3978168873-0.00286123230.200339059865.353.720.42433359240.06096069980.181686446365.584.010.46642580790.13602827280.165198767565.464.090.44468582130.15578200160.1444519099

75.563.020.4628351398-0.14750613710.305170638475.353.170.4243335924-0.099031380675.833.220.5217484113-0.07188722950.296817820470.203122572176.023.520.54232429080.00569802110.268313134975.453.820.44285264020.08748745410.17768259375.74.010.48770320630.13602827280.1758374668

80.31375268785.713.150.4894560552-0.105360515785.623.270.4850630748-0.05647860420.2707708395885.353.620.42433359240.03371105730.195311267585.413.890.43548612440.10564618910.164919967685.273.990.40926739410.13102826240.1391195658

995.823.190.5085372932-0.092742051795.623.280.4850630748-0.05342516670.2692441208995.153.650.38623374620.04196419910.172134773595.543.870.45923153230.10049153850.179369996995.013.890.35867294660.10564618910.1265133787

10105.393.110.4317824164-0.1181402423100.270546997110100.213490365105.673.720.48242614920.06096069980.2107327247100.1438065922

SafeSafeSafeSafeSafeSafe0.1808988826Safe

15.113.120.3784364357-0.114929966715.053.250.3666252748-0.074107972214.813.380.329428495-0.023392879614.753.510.30538164960.00285306914.623.630.27763173660.036469679815.13.820.37647757120.087487454114.793.780.31376744290.0769610411

25.053.150.3666252748-0.105360515724.953.180.3466246081-0.095881771724.613.370.2869592679-0.026355844724.553.50.2623642645024.683.620.29053514140.033711057324.973.670.35065687160.047428693624.823.650.32001095960.0419641991

35.383.210.4299254057-0.086492031434.853.280.3262157365-0.064919546134.723.320.3105402105-0.041303806134.623.50.2776317366034.523.540.25574902530.011363758734.823.670.32001095960.047428693634.933.730.34257601960.0636452652

45.653.280.4788925767-0.064919546144.983.180.3526669225-0.095881771744.863.30.3397698488-0.047346120644.713.520.29692493950.005698021144.713.490.2969249395-0.002861232344.793.80.31376744290.082238098244.83.750.31585294940.0689928715

55.623.250.4735686954-0.074107972254.653.180.2841042511-0.095881771754.813.350.329428495-0.032308243254.783.490.311677578-0.002861232354.523.560.25574902530.016997576454.923.660.3405455620.044700178954.973.980.35065687160.1285188508

65.453.180.4428526402-0.095881771764.723.250.2990458311-0.074107972264.823.340.331505339-0.035297782164.623.50.2776317366064.453.540.24014112770.011363758764.953.710.34662460810.058268908164.913.810.33851097330.0848662206

75.213.120.3978168873-0.114929966774.623.150.2776317366-0.105360515775.013.350.370167326-0.032308243274.493.50.2490897333074.353.50.2174128766074.913.810.33851097330.084866220674.813.720.31793411560.0609606998

85.613.150.471787751-0.105360515784.813.210.3179341156-0.086492031484.663.350.2977468591-0.032308243284.653.510.28410425110.00285306984.723.510.29904583110.00285306984.973.850.35065687160.095310179884.793.810.31376744290.0848662206

95.593.120.4682163187-0.114929966794.783.050.311677578-0.137621377994.753.340.316876029-0.035297782194.533.490.257958971-0.002861232394.353.590.21741287660.02538923495.013.720.35867294660.060960699894.93.750.33647223660.0689928715

105.713.080.4894560552-0.1278333715104.723.080.2990458311-0.1278333715104.623.350.289126116-0.0323082432104.693.50.292669614010105.13.810.37647757120.084866220610

4.833.360.3335778786-0.0293276151

4.813.360.329428495-0.0293276151

0.313752687

0.2705469971

0.2031225721

0.190083

0.1808988826

0.1438065922

0.9 mm1.2 mm

80-0.1376213779-0.1170370453

100-0.1181402423-0.071127344

120-0.0718872295-0.033387016

14000

1600.06096069980.0877507486

1800.12095261040.1301974388

2000.16551443850.1732717213

0.91.2

Shear StrainDepth of CupShear StrainDepth of Cup

0.31375268746.710.340984515246.45

0.270546997142.980.29389098442.77

0.203122572141.070.252160059741.12

0.19008337.470.230816082440.61

0.180898882634.790.212472214540.5

0.143806592234.750.210752839238.32

0.9 mm1.2 mmStrain Ratio at necked region0.9 mm1.2 mm

80-0.1376213779-0.117037045380-3.6277254385-0.2756548192-0.2077719067

100-0.1181402423-0.071127344100-3.643178076-0.2744856219-0.1274546512

120-0.0718872295-0.033387016120-5.0657300947-0.1974049113-0.0736906324

1400014000

1600.06096069980.08775074861600.12396702740.0937945256

1800.12095261040.13019743881800.25223227990.1961328692

2000.16551443850.17327172132000.37465486410.3250841384

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

IF Steel of thickness 0.9 mm

IF Steel of thickness 1.2 mm

Blank Width in mm

Limiting Minor Strain at Fracture

Blank Width Vs Limiting Minor Strain

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

IF steel of 0.9 mm thickness

IF Steel of 1.2 mm thickness

Shear Strain obtained from Mohr's circle radius

Depth of cup

Shear Strain Vs Depth of Cup

Sheet3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Blank width in mm

Strain Ratio

Variation of strain ratio at necked region

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Minor Strain

Major Strain

Figure 2 - FLD for IF Steel of Thickness 0.9 mm

NeckingFractureSafe

0.4964368863-0.1149299667-0.11492996670.49643688630.3784364357-0.1149299667-0.11492996670.3784364357

0.4243335924-0.0864920314-0.08649203140.42433359240.5033693231-0.1278333715-0.12783337150.50336932310.3666252748-0.1053605157-0.10536051570.3666252748

0.4483421325-0.1245918776-0.12459187760.44834213250.4483421325-0.1245918776-0.12459187760.44834213250.4299254057-0.0864920314-0.08649203140.4299254057

0.4262010066-0.1053605157-0.10536051570.42620100660.5136786927-0.1181402423-0.11814024230.51367869270.4788925767-0.0649195461-0.06491954610.4788925767

0.4299254057-0.0864920314-0.08649203140.42992540570.5153866351-0.1376213779-0.13762137790.51538663510.4735686954-0.0741079722-0.07410797220.4735686954

0.4446858213-0.0958817717-0.09588177170.44468582130.5669358694-0.1149299667-0.11492996670.56693586940.4428526402-0.0958817717-0.09588177170.4428526402

0.4168288668-0.1117299639-0.11172996390.41682886680.4628351398-0.1475061371-0.14750613710.46283513980.3978168873-0.1149299667-0.11492996670.3978168873

0.4073680583-0.0958817717-0.09588177170.40736805830.4243335924-0.121360857-0.1213608570.42433359240.471787751-0.1053605157-0.10536051570.471787751

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Necking

Fracture

Safe

Minor Strain

Major Strain

Fld for IF steel of thickness 0.9 mm


Chart1

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0.5451412909

0.4777398992






















Minor Strain

Major Strain

Sheet1

IF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mmIF steel of thickness = 1.2 mm

Blank size=300 x 80Blank size=300 x 100Blank size=300 x 120Blank size=300 x 140Blank size=300 x 160Blank size=300 x 180Blank size=300 x 200

original grid size= 3.35mmoriginal grid size= 3.35mmoriginal grid size= 3.35mmoriginal grid size= 3.38mmoriginal grid size= 3.38mmoriginal grid size= 3.38mmoriginal grid size= 3.33mm

NeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor StrainNeckingMajor DiaMinor DiaMajor StrainMinor Strain

15.812.950.550620225-0.127155175515.433.150.4829787881-0.061557893-0.127454651215.213.250.4416195099-0.030305349515.133.350.4172299497-0.008915363715.213.520.43270414630.04058528010.093794525615.553.70.49592221830.090457110215.313.810.46661953130.1346568851

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11111111111111

12121212121212

13131313131313

14141414141414

15151515151515

Fracture6.053.050.5910979262-0.09381875520.3424583407FractureFractureFractureFractureFractureFracture

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76.053.120.5910979262-0.0711273440.3311126351775.813.20.550620225-0.0458095360.298214880575.633.350.5102337327-0.00891536370.259574548276.043.510.58052830250.0377403280.271393987276.074.150.58548289560.20523262470.190125135476.053.980.59708596810.17830951530.20938822640.1732717213

86.122.970.6026017507-0.1203983930.36150007198885.573.380.499519344400.249759672285.833.690.54514129090.08775074860.228695271286.564.20.66311489350.21720881580.222953038886.123.790.60858979250.12939371510.2395980387

99995.333.350.4554755287-0.00891536370.232195446295.563.670.49772239880.08231595260.2077032231996.033.770.59377470670.12410269750.2348360046

101010Average0.29389098410105.493.630.4850525460.07135693880.206847803610Average0.212472214510

11average0.3409845152111111Average0.2521600597115.833.520.54514129090.04058528010.25227800541111Average0.2107528392

12121212125.453.570.47773989920.05468988630.21152500641212

13131313131313

1414141414Average0.23081608241414

15151515151515

SafeSafeSafeSafeSafeSafeSafe

15.153.210.4300363688-0.042689408714.983.220.3964695452-0.039578986315.23.230.4396982798-0.036478208614.983.420.38755418150.011764841614.523.520.29063628430.040585280114.823.690.35489821860.087750748614.653.810.33389491560.1346568851

25.233.150.4454509322-0.06155789325.213.250.4416195099-0.030305349524.833.290.3658861218-0.018072781124.783.330.346564837-0.014903405524.783.490.3465648370.032026026724.813.750.35282137460.103880130524.693.750.34246027850.118783536

35.453.050.4866552628-0.093818755234.863.180.3720780921-0.05207914934.893.310.3782319576-0.012012156434.853.380.3611029955034.733.610.3360494930.065832062834.623.650.31251899560.076851458134.293.720.25331442890.1107513643

44.953.230.3904272307-0.036478208644.993.190.3984755639-0.04893942944.913.290.382313596-0.018072781144.823.380.3548982186044.693.620.3275568730.068598316344.713.550.33181219850.04907189444.433.520.28542728010.0554886856

55.093.180.4183174847-0.05207914954.753.240.3491842722-0.03338701655.123.30.4241940932-0.015037877454.413.330.26599898-0.014903405554.233.510.22432628360.03774032854.653.580.31899151010.057487090954.423.490.28316739210.0469294322

64.983.210.3964695452-0.0426894087664.753.30.3491842722-0.015037877464.623.350.3125189956-0.008915363764.353.420.25230013560.011764841664.354.010.25230013560.170915531864.453.620.28993179220.0835017218

74.913.230.382313596-0.0364782086774.823.290.3638135822-0.018072781174.523.320.2906362843-0.0179109266774.723.990.33393309010.165915521474.353.710.26720354110.1080595726

85.013.190.4024755693-0.048939429884.723.280.3428484538-0.02111692348884.673.950.32328336220.155839869484.393.530.27635692310.058325567

95.553.120.5048375819-0.071127344994.413.290.2749143436-0.01807278119994.893.850.3693165940.130197438894.353.740.26720354110.1161133074

105.413.150.479288747-0.06155789310101010104.454.020.27502838670.1734061931104.413.530.28090238550.058325567

11111111111111

12121212121212

13131313131313

14141414141414

15151515151515

1.2 mm0.9 mm

shear strainvoid size

800.34098451522.9316330.3137526872.989287

1200.2938909842.6479590.27054699712.339286

1400.25216005972.3163270.20312257212

1600.23081608242.1377550.1900831.883929

1800.21247221451.7561220.18089888261.642857

2000.21075283921.3538210.14380659221.2857

Depth of the cup

0.9 mm1.2 mm

8046.7146.45

10036.6248.05

12042.9842.77

14041.0741.12

16037.4740.61

18034.7940.5

20034.7538.32

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

00

00


IF steel of thickness 1.2 mm

Shear Strain obtained from Mohr's Circle Radius

Average diameter of voids in m m

Shear Strain Vs Average Void Size

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Width of the Blank in mm

Depth of the Cup in mm

Blank Width Vs Depth of Cup

Sheet3

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000

00000000000000000000

0000000000000000000

000000000000000000

000000000000000

00000000000000

000000

0

0






















Minor Strain

Major Strain

NeckingFractureSafe

Major Strainminor strain0.5910979262-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.59109792620.4300363688-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.4300363688

0.550620225-0.1271551755-0.12715517550.5506202250.5744308737-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.57443087370.4454509322-0.061557893-0.0615578930.4454509322

0.5574813154-0.1070202671-0.10702026710.55748131540.5676854856-0.0743376196-0.07433761960.56768548560.4866552628-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.4866552628

0.5540566545-0.0905454299-0.09054542990.55405665450.5642956518-0.1170370453-0.11703704530.56429565180.3904272307-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.3904272307

0.5048375819-0.0807892549-0.08078925490.50483758190.6026017507-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.60260175070.4183174847-0.052079149-0.0520791490.4183174847

0.5332586778-0.0775582343-0.07755823430.53325867780.5811310663-0.1070202671-0.10702026710.58113106630.3964695452-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.3964695452

0.540239509-0.120398393-0.1203983930.5402395090.5744308737-0.0971028304-0.09710283040.57443087370.382313596-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.382313596

0.5471719457-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.54717194570.5910979262-0.071127344-0.0711273440.59109792620.4024755693-0.048939429-0.0489394290.4024755693

0.5367551849-0.1037035145-0.10370351450.53675518490.6026017507-0.120398393-0.1203983930.60260175070.5048375819-0.071127344-0.0711273440.5048375819

0.5350084596-0.120398393-0.1203983930.53500845960.5226951993-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.52269519930.479288747-0.061557893-0.0615578930.479288747

0.5367551849-0.0938187552-0.09381875520.53675518490.5367551849-0.071127344-0.0711273440.53675518490.3964695452-0.0395789863-0.03957898630.3964695452

0.4829787881-0.061557893-0.0615578930.48297878810.5191490963-0.0872827842-0.08728278420.51914909630.4416195099-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.4416195099

0.4921447551-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.49214475510.5297499023-0.071127344-0.0711273440.52974990230.3720780921-0.052079149-0.0520791490.3720780921

0.5102284306-0.1136869584-0.11368695840.51022843060.5332586778-0.0272331505-0.02723315050.53325867780.3984755639-0.048939429-0.0489394290.3984755639

0.4681362151-0.1373767296-0.13737672960.46813621510.6123579256-0.0211169234-0.02111692340.61235792560.3491842722-0.033387016-0.0333870160.3491842722

0.4939679097-0.1037035145-0.10370351450.49396790970.5676854856-0.033387016-0.0333870160.56768548560.4396982798-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.4396982798

0.4737280283-0.071127344-0.0711273440.47372802830.5591892578-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.55918925780.3658861218-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.3658861218

0.4549657519-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.45496575190.5030341549-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.50303415490.3782319576-0.0120121564-0.01201215640.3782319576

0.4416195099-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.44161950990.5574813154-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.55748131540.382313596-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.382313596

0.4454509322-0.0241703609-0.02417036090.44545093220.550620225-0.045809536-0.0458095360.5506202250.4241940932-0.0150378774-0.01503787740.4241940932

0.479288747-0.0364782086-0.03647820860.4792887470.4152787296000.41527872960.3491842722-0.0150378774-0.01503787740.3491842722

0.4300363688-0.0303053495-0.03030534950.43003636880.5225904653-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.52259046530.3638135822-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.3638135822

0.4530700167-0.033387016-0.0333870160.45307001670.53652797320.00295421190.00295421190.53652797320.3428484538-0.0211169234-0.02111692340.3428484538

0.4300363688-0.0426894087-0.04268940870.43003636880.4995193444000.49951934440.2749143436-0.0180727811-0.01807278110.2749143436

0.4454509322-0.0395789863-0.03957898630.44545093220.5451412909-0.0029629651-0.00296296510.54514129090.38755418150.01176484160.01176484160.3875541815

0.4377733513-0.045809536-0.0458095360.43777335130.5278398212000.52783982120.346564837-0.0149034055-0.01490340550.346564837

0.4435370561-0.033387016-0.0333870160.44353705610.5102337327-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.51023373270.3611029955000.3611029955

0.4172299497-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.41722994970.4995193444000.49951934440.3548982186000.3548982186

0.4015125338000.40151253380.4554755287-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.45547552870.26599898-0.0149034055-0.01490340550.26599898

0.4074355521-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.40743555210.4722201060.01176484160.01176484160.4722201060.3125189956-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.3125189956

0.3875541815000.38755418150.55707664140.02627888450.02627888450.55707664140.2906362843-0.0179109266-0.01791092660.2906362843

0.40546510810.00883658180.00883658180.40546510810.54342455220.0602764930.0602764930.54342455220.29063628430.04058528010.04058528010.2906362843

0.3875541815-0.0149034055-0.01490340550.38755418150.44035236710.06859831630.06859831630.44035236710.3465648370.03202602670.03202602670.346564837

0.4094021211000.40940212110.48322939150.0490718940.0490718940.48322939150.3360494930.06583206280.06583206280.336049493

0.3774632786000.37746327860.55707664140.05468988630.05468988630.55707664140.3275568730.06859831630.06859831630.327556873

0.3935602056-0.0089153637-0.00891536370.39356020560.58052830250.0377403280.0377403280.58052830250.22432628360.0377403280.0377403280.2243262836

0.43270414630.04058528010.04058528010.43270414630.54514129090.08775074860.08775074860.54514129090.25230013560.01176484160.01176484160.2523001356

0.44035236710.02915658430.02915658430.44035236710.49772239880.08231595260.08231595260.49772239880.35489821860.08775074860.08775074860.3548982186

0.42692934680.03202602670.03202602670.42692934680.4850525460.07135693880.07135693880.4850525460.35282137460.10388013050.10388013050.3528213746

0.43270414630.01176484160.01176484160.43270414630.54514129090.04058528010.04058528010.54514129090.31251899560.07685145810.07685145810.3125189956

0.42112100520.02049852150.02049852150.42112100520.47773989920.05468988630.05468988630.47773989920.33181219850.0490718940.0490718940.3318121985

0.419177370.00589972210.00589972210.419177370.55027389410.07685145810.07685145810.55027389410.31899151010.05748709090.05748709090.3189915101

0.44794253640.03202602670.03202602670.44794253640.55197892430.18084117160.18084117160.55197892430.25230013560.17091553180.17091553180.2523001356

0.45171612580.0348872590.0348872590.45171612580.56551551010.10120990190.10120990190.56551551010.33393309010.16591552140.16591552140.3339330901

0.44415465310.0377403280.0377403280.44415465310.56551551010.09853252420.09853252420.56551551010.32328336220.15583986940.15583986940.3232833622

0.49592221830.09045711020.09045711020.49592221830.60020106810.13019743880.13019743880.60020106810.3693165940.13019743880.13019743880.369316594

0.45922085140.08775074860.08775074860.45922085140.53998220810.2124355370.2124355370.53998220810.27502838670.17340619310.17340619310.2750283867

0.47773989920.09315616710.09315616710.47773989920.58548289560.20523262470.20523262470.58548289560.33389491560.13465688510.13465688510.3338949156

0.4722201060.07410797220.07410797220.4722201060.66311489350.21720881580.21720881580.66311489350.34246027850.1187835360.1187835360.3424602785

0.46852324410.07685145810.07685145810.46852324410.53045158820.16311934980.16311934980.53045158820.25331442890.11075136430.11075136430.2533144289

0.51377983570.07410797220.07410797220.51377983570.57028369370.13727811860.13727811860.57028369370.28542728010.05548868560.05548868560.2854272801

0.52259046530.08775074860.08775074860.52259046530.53397892870.12939371510.12939371510.53397892870.28316739210.04692943220.04692943220.2831673921

0.47406342450.09045711020.09045711020.47406342450.59045244460.12939371510.12939371510.59045244460.28993179220.08350172180.08350172180.2899317922

0.50845595440.09315616710.09315616710.50845595440.50359231920.17327172130.17327172130.50359231920.26720354110.10805957260.10805957260.2672035411

0.48868891370.09584795880.09584795880.48868891370.56688232980.13727811860.13727811860.56688232980.27635692310.0583255670.0583255670.2763569231

0.46661953130.13465688510.13465688510.46661953130.59708596810.17830951530.17830951530.59708596810.26720354110.11611330740.11611330740.2672035411

0.47785560450.15286284960.15286284960.47785560450.60858979250.12939371510.12939371510.60858979250.28090238550.0583255670.0583255670.2809023855

0.52868324120.16820841930.16820841930.52868324120.59377470670.12410269750.12410269750.5937747067

0.51442274990.13989249920.13989249920.5144227499

0.49264330470.14510084430.14510084430.4926433047

0.4981327970.1502822030.1502822030.498132797

0.52335935990.15543685360.15543685360.5233593599

0.48712351150.15800424910.15800424910.4871235115

0.50177578820.16311934980.16311934980.5017757882

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

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000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

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000

000

000

000

000

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0

0

0

0

0

Necking

Fracture

Safe

Minor strain

Major strain

FLD for IF Steel of thickness 1.2 mm

FLD for SPFC 440(Micro Alloyed) steel 1.2 mm thickness Fracture curveSafe zoneNecked

FLD for Carbon-Manganese steel 1.4 mm thicknessFracture curveNecked

FLD for Extra Gal steel 0.72 mm thickness

Chart4

0.31424909980.53153281920.30521969310.47957308030.16681737030.43875108570.48527110140.31424909980.38159267190.0362577480.04217492510.03328597760.03922071320.08829260710.12425775580.2274419921

0.36464311360.53153281920.24445333790.47957308030.36464311360.45058554340.43676498780.30294954460.48716324950.06261359270.03030534950.01526747210.05098555470.09670780410.11880815110.4044389408

0.35821222330.49844156460.31424909980.51879379340.29152084880.43078291610.47192485940.32319770540.24445333790.06837729740.0480572950.07696104110.07696104110.05098555470.13237688030.2564295289

0.27996002640.45058554340.36890751240.56181117850.35821222330.38159267190.52609309590.31199938010.34957286070.07696104110.04217492510.09110554850.07124673990.08547173080.17201218710.2588076514

0.35173970880.42073258020.36677758610.60641548470.33647223660.4427114870.45058554340.27996002640.46421769220.0568164750.04217492510.03030534950.02731581060.09949720620.08829260710.2915208488

0.35821222330.40443894080.32542240040.50959409650.27529801330.42878091340.48147603040.33866762720.50774395720.07980599330.03030534950.02130978660.15897419280.06837729740.05098555470.3710329117

0.38996092160.4928183070.35821222330.60976557160.24204079150.43875108570.39204208780.25880765140.39825972440.04217492510.05390526480.02731581060.0362577480.06549959760.18743665750.3667775861

0.40649022350.52609309590.32542240040.51144081910.26354699670.51696061230.42476484380.36250407530.38369130860.03922071320.08264287460.05971923470.0568164750.09391059940.14043061510.3961914713

0.28460040590.58607580050.30294954460.58949460720.27061416390.4776665020.53514293140.26826398660.39204208780.03328597760.09949720620.05971923470.06549959760.06837729740.16159542630.3878754151

0.34740130720.4776665020.30294954460.53514293140.34085820860.51328413760.26826398660.37527020620.04217492510.05390526480.05390526480.09949720620.11880815110.1050527760.3298569975

140 NECK

140 FRACT

160 NECK

160 FRACT

180 NECK

180 FRACT

200 FRACT

220 NECK

220 FRACT

120 SAFE

140 SAFE

160 SAFE

180 SAFE

200 SAFE

220 SAFE

200 NECK

Minor Strain

Major Strain

FLD - (Extra Gal. High Strength IF)

Sheet1

W=120mm t=0.72mm Safe Region

Sl NoMajor DiaMinor DiaMaj StrainMin Strain

13.372.940.036257748-0.100245415

23.462.850.0626135927-0.1313360021

33.482.730.0683772974-0.1743533871

43.512.910.0769610411-0.1105019152

53.442.760.056816475-0.1634243166

63.522.950.0798059933-0.096849826

73.393.020.0421749251-0.073398165

83.382.910.0392207132-0.1105019152

93.362.920.0332859776-0.1070713801

103.393.080.0421749251-0.0537253994



13.393.240.0421749251-0.0030816665

23.353.260.03030534950.003072199

33.413.250.0480572950

43.393.270.04217492510.0061349886

53.393.30.04217492510.0152674721

63.353.290.03030534950.0122325684

73.433.260.05390526480.003072199

83.533.220.0826428746-0.0092736368

93.593.250.09949720620

103.433.120.0539052648-0.0408219945

W=140mm t=0.72mm Neck Region


14.453.10.3142490998-0.0472528849

24.683.190.3646431136-0.0186340795

34.653.150.3582122233-0.0312525435

44.32.980.2799600264-0.0867316958

54.622.790.3517397088-0.1526134005

64.652.830.3582122233-0.1383782847

74.82.910.3899609216-0.1105019152

84.882.660.4064902235-0.2003288735

94.323.050.2846004059-0.0635134057

104.62.70.3474013072-0.1854032233

W=140mm t=0.72mm Fract Region


15.532.950.5315328192-0.096849826

25.533.10.5315328192-0.0472528849

35.353.10.4984415646-0.0472528849

45.13.150.4505855434-0.0312525435

54.953.30.42073258020.0152674721

64.873.10.4044389408-0.0472528849

75.322.860.492818307-0.1278333715

85.53.160.5260930959-0.0280829687

95.843.070.5860758005-0.0569774347

105.243.10.477666502-0.0472528849



13.363.270.03328597760.0061349886

23.33.290.01526747210.0122325684

33.513.30.07696104110.0152674721

43.563.150.0911055485-0.0312525435

53.353.080.0303053495-0.0537253994

63.323.090.0213097866-0.0504839054

73.343.120.0273158106-0.0408219945

83.453.160.0597192347-0.0280829687

93.453.250.05971923470

103.433.260.05390526480.003072199



14.413.60.30521969310.1022788491

24.153.380.24445333790.0392207132

34.453.650.31424909980.1160721713

44.73.830.36890751240.1642098069

54.693.50.36677758610.0741079722

64.53.650.32542240040.1160721713

74.653.90.35821222330.1823215568

84.53.830.32542240040.1642098069

94.43.330.30294954460.0243173077

104.43.350.30294954460.0303053495



15.252.470.4795730803-0.2744368457

25.252.370.4795730803-0.3157650412

35.462.850.5187937934-0.1313360021

45.72.480.5618111785-0.2703964362

55.962.80.6064154847-0.1490355792

65.412.010.5095940965-0.4805202743

75.982.990.6097655716-0.0833816089

85.422.80.5114408191-0.1490355792

95.862.950.5894946072-0.096849826

105.552.20.5351429314-0.390197636



13.383.280.03922071320.0091884261

23.423.240.0509855547-0.0030816665

33.513.340.07696104110.0273158106

43.493.290.07124673990.0122325684

53.343.280.02731581060.0091884261

63.813.580.15897419280.0967078041

73.373.160.036257748-0.0280829687

83.443.220.056816475-0.0092736368

93.473.030.0654995976-0.0700923768

103.593.270.09949720620.0061349886



13.843.720.16681737030.1350686719

24.683.560.36464311360.0911055485

34.353.760.29152084880.1457639611

44.653.470.35821222330.0654995976

54.553.60.33647223660.1022788491

64.283.750.27529801330.1431008436

74.143.50.24204079150.0741079722

84.233.990.26354699670.2051362346

94.263.670.27061416390.1215366657

104.573.760.34085820860.1457639611



15.043.010.4387510857-0.0767149176

25.130.4505855434-0.0800427077

353.260.43078291610.003072199

44.763.20.3815926719-0.0155041865

55.063.540.4427114870.0854717308

64.993.150.4287809134-0.0312525435

75.043.370.43875108570.036257748

85.453.620.51696061230.1078190295

95.243.030.477666502-0.0700923768

105.433.110.5132841376-0.0440322702



13.553.320.08829260710.0213097866

23.583.420.09670780410.0509855547

33.423.290.05098555470.0122325684

43.543.430.08547173080.0539052648

53.593.370.09949720620.036257748

63.483.260.06837729740.003072199

73.473.320.06549959760.0213097866

83.573.420.09391059940.0509855547

93.483.260.06837729740.003072199

103.663.290.11880815110.0122325684



14.083.370.22744199210.036257748

24.873.310.40443894080.018293193

34.23.430.25642952890.0539052648

44.213.490.25880765140.0712467399

54.353.480.29152084880.0683772974

64.713.290.37103291170.0122325684

74.693.510.36677758610.0769610411

84.833.650.39619147130.1160721713

94.793.760.38787541510.1457639611

104.523.360.32985699750.0332859776



15.283.320.48527110140.0213097866

25.033.440.43676498780.056816475

35.213.50.47192485940.0741079722

45.53.30.52609309590.0152674721

55.13.330.45058554340.0243173077

65.263.280.48147603040.0091884261

74.812.040.3920420878-0.4657051885

84.973.320.42476484380.0213097866

95.553.120.5351429314-0.0408219945



13.683.430.12425775580.0539052648

23.663.410.11880815110.048057295

33.713.450.13237688030.0597192347

43.863.630.17201218710.1105776519

53.553.410.08829260710.048057295

63.423.220.0509855547-0.0092736368

73.923.440.18743665750.056816475

83.743.530.14043061510.0826428746

93.823.640.16159542630.1133286853

103.613.450.1050527760.0597192347



14.453.970.31424909980.2001110984

24.43.990.30294954460.2051362346

34.493.650.32319770540.1160721713

44.443.560.31199938010.0911055485

54.33.750.27996002640.1431008436

64.563.630.33866762720.1105776519

74.213.530.25880765140.0826428746

84.673.860.36250407530.1720121871

94.253.70.26826398660.1296778233

104.253.630.26826398660.1105776519



14.763.410.38159267190.048057295

25.293.330.48716324950.0243173077

34.153.410.24445333790.048057295

44.613.320.34957286070.0213097866

55.173.330.46421769220.0243173077

65.43.640.50774395720.1133286853

74.843.570.39825972440.0939105994

84.773.660.38369130860.1188081511

94.813.580.39204208780.0967078041

104.733.50.37527020620.0741079722

Sheet1

140 NECK

140 FRACT

160 NECK

160 FRACT

180 NECK

180 FRACT

200 FRACT

220 NECK

220 FRACT

120 SAFE

140 SAFE

160 SAFE

180 SAFE

200 SAFE

220 SAFE

200 NECK

Minor Strain

Major Strain


Sheet2

140 NECK

140 FRACT

160 NECK

160 FRACT

180 NECK

180 FRACT

200 FRACT

220 NECK

220 FRACT

120 SAFE

140 SAFE

160 SAFE

180 SAFE

200 SAFE

220 SAFE

200 NECK

Minor Strain

Major Strain


Sheet3

FLD for SPRC-35 Steel-0.72 mm Thickness

FLD for SPRC-35 Steel-1.0 mm thickness

FLD for SPRC-35 Steel-1.2 mm thickness

Limiting Major strain

Strain Path/ Strain RatioLimiting Major StrainT-T0.6 mm0.9 mm1.2 mm1.6 mm1 /0.3741.54352.552.52 / 0.283434355.553.53 / 0.17639405249Plane4 / 031323635T-C5 / -0.093333639406 / -0.16364044477/ -0.23342476070

Longitudinal Strain Distribution ProfilesI.F.Steel Sheet 0.6 mm thickness

I.F Steel Sheet 0.6 mm thickness

Chart2

7.8524763112-11.0066406695

21.6927085971-8.8292607146

34.0488306276-9.7566243931

56.4032578894-12.2724803567

40.2644231767-10.0676666345

30.9967117241-6.9999414098

24.1564390357-5.798725765

22.145198057-4.3172171865

17.0515044207-4.3172171865

17.9971379449-3.7307052413

17.0515044207-2.8573372444

15.61607307551.952642235

10.67679754264.6776064798

9.40289496481.6760168857

12.92970884860

16.0968432323-1.133156601

17.0515044207-1.7045867273

17.2887524561-2.8573372444

22.5956492691-5.798725765

24.8179629476-7.606003871

38.746367459-10.6926686691

53.8057092491-11.3216015598

30.7898864177-10.0676666345

18.9339129453-9.4465466253

7.0681585651-11.3216015598

Major Strain

Minor Strain

Distance from the pole in mm

Stain in %

Blank Width - 80 mm

Sheet1

Strain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution Profiles

IF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 0.6mm Thickness

Blank width = 80mmBlank width = 100mmBlank width = 120mmBlank width = 140mmBlank width = 160mmBlank width = 180mmBlank width = 200mm

Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal Direction

Distance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness Strain

-700.5616.7208749693-650.48820.6614249363-570.5459.6143860553-550.5656.010392407-560.583.3901551676-500.5459.6143860553-51.50.5656.010392407

-650.5557.796154147-600.46824.8461359298-52.50.5410.5360515658-490.5626.5427805322-520.5646.1875403718-460.50517.2371225941-470.5410.5360515658

-600.5459.6143860553-550.46525.4892249629-47.50.53511.466290832-430.5557.796154147-480.558.701137699-420.48521.2780764279-420.53511.466290832

-550.5410.5360515658-440.43532.1583624127-42.50.4822.3143551314-380.50517.2371225941-43.50.5312.405264867-370.47523.3614851182-370.47523.3614851182

-500.49120.0485527422-380.45527.6632236265-37.50.44529.885537305-320.42534.4840486292-390.50517.2371225941-31.50.41536.8651134985-310.41536.8651134985

-450.43232.8504066972-320.47822.7318922725-320.47822.7318922725-270.47523.3614851182-340.43232.8504066972-26.50.46525.4892249629-260.46525.4892249629

-430.42135.4296821534-270.49519.2371892647-270.50118.0323554131-230.49519.2371892647-290.47822.7318922725-220.518.2321556794-21.50.51515.2762754552

-370.48421.48447485-220.50816.6448207638-21.50.50816.6448207638-170.52513.3531392625-23.50.51814.6954412957-170.51714.8886780708-170.53511.466290832

-31.50.52114.1179613463-17.50.51215.8605030177-17.50.52812.783337151-130.5312.405264867-180.5312.405264867-12.50.52513.3531392625-12.50.5459.6143860553

-26.50.52513.3531392625-130.51814.6954412957-130.53511.466290832-8.50.5410.5360515658-140.53810.9071095054-8.50.54210.1663653776-80.5489.0654368268

-220.54210.1663653776-8.50.5214.3100843641-8.50.54210.1663653776-4.50.558.701137699-90.54210.1663653776-40.5528.3381608939-40.5459.6143860553

-17.50.558.701137699-40.5312.405264867-4.50.5528.338160893900.5675.6570351488-4.50.558.70113769900.558.70113769900.5557.796154147

-130.5489.065436826800.5675.657035148800.5656.0103924074.50.5626.542780532200.5489.065436826840.558.70113769940.5489.0654368268

-80.5557.79615414740.5528.33816089394.50.5557.7961541478.50.5557.7961541474.50.5459.61438605538.50.54210.166365377680.54210.1663653776

-40.5587.25706928358.50.558.7011376998.50.5459.6143860553130.53511.46629083290.52213.926206733412.50.53511.46629083212.50.53711.0931560707

00.5754.2559614419130.53810.9071095054130.52513.3531392625170.52812.783337151140.5214.3100843641170.5214.3100843641170.51714.8886780708

20.5734.604393850117.50.53711.093156070717.50.51515.2762754552230.51814.6954412957180.5116.2518929498220.48521.278076427921.50.49718.833962912

40.5734.6043938501220.5479.248085279421.50.50517.2371225941270.50816.644820763823.50.46226.136476413426.50.42534.4840486292260.48521.2780764279

60.566.8992871487270.51515.2762754552270.48521.2780764279320.4528.7682072452290.39541.804389031531.50.48920.4567165741310.4724.4196960512

80.5587.2570692835320.50217.8329535524320.42534.4840486292380.48521.2780764279340.518.2321556794370.5528.3381608939370.42534.4840486292

100.5489.0654368268380.48221.898554116637.50.49519.2371892647430.52513.3531392625390.52213.9262067334420.566.8992871487420.49519.2371892647

120.5528.3381608939440.45427.883245717542.50.51515.2762754552490.53511.46629083243.50.54110.351037637460.5587.2570692835470.52513.3531392625

140.5469.4310679471550.47223.995066963147.50.5557.796154147550.558.701137699480.5528.338160893900

160.558.701137699600.48720.866553213452.50.5656.010392407610.5557.796154147520.5616.720874969300

180.558.701137699650.51215.860503017700000

200.558.701137699000000

220.52213.9262067334000000

240.52213.9262067334000000

280.5116.2518929498000000

330.48221.8985541166000000

380.42434.7196199984000000

400.41836.1448222691000000

420.4528.7682072452000000

440.47523.3614851182000000

460.518.2321556794000000

480.51515.2762754552000000

500.5410.5360515658000000

520.54210.1663653776000000

540.5557.796154147000000

560.566.8992871487000000

0000000

Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0

IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0

Blank width = 80mm0Blank width = 100mm0Blank width = 120mm0Blank width = 140mm0Blank width = 160mm0Blank width = 180mm0Blank width = 200mm0

0000000

Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Transverse Direction0

0000000

Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0

0000000

-320.5852.5317807984-420.5410.5360515658-440.583.3901551676-420.5567.6161360966-380.575.1293294388-510.50517.2371225941-550.5410.5360515658

-280.5724.7790663836-380.5312.405264867-400.52513.3531392625-380.5557.796154147-33.50.558.701137699-450.49519.2371892647-510.52513.3531392625

-240.5724.7790663836-330.53411.6533816256-360.52513.3531392625-340.5410.5360515658-290.5459.6143860553-40.50.47523.3614851182-480.49519.2371892647

-200.5636.3650027076-240.51814.6954412957-320.52513.3531392625-290.5538.1571653694-250.53511.466290832-360.46525.4892249629-420.47523.3614851182

-160.575.1293294388-200.50816.6448207638-280.51515.2762754552-250.5528.3381608939-20.50.5410.5360515658-310.47523.3614851182-370.40539.304258811

-120.575.1293294388-160.5214.3100843641-240.52513.3531392625-20.50.5459.6143860553-160.54210.1663653776-260.49519.2371892647-31.50.40539.304258811

-80.583.3901551676-120.5116.2518929498-200.50816.6448207638-16.50.5479.2480852794-120.5449.798040836-21.50.50517.2371225941-26.50.46525.4892249629

-40.5852.5317807984-80.5214.3100843641-160.51215.8605030177-12.50.558.701137699-80.5459.6143860553-170.51515.2762754552-21.50.48521.2780764279

00.5754.2559614419-40.51515.2762754552-120.52513.3531392625-8.250.5528.3381608939-40.5489.0654368268-130.52513.3531392625-170.50517.2371225941

40.5626.542780532200.5675.6570351488-80.5312.405264867-40.5646.187540371800.5489.0654368268-8.50.53511.466290832-130.51515.2762754552

80.5656.01039240740.52513.3531392625-40.5410.536051565800.5675.657035148840.5479.2480852794-40.5459.6143860553-8.50.52513.3531392625

120.5557.79615414780.5214.310084364100.5656.01039240740.5626.542780532280.53810.907109505400.558.701137699-40.53511.466290832

160.5656.010392407120.51515.276275455240.52513.35313926258.250.558.701137699120.5459.614386055340.566.899287148700.558.701137699

200.5724.7790663836160.5116.251892949880.52513.353139262512.50.5489.0654368268160.5479.24808527948.50.558.70113769940.5410.5360515658

240.5754.2559614419200.50517.2371225941120.5410.536051565816.50.5459.614386055320.50.5479.2480852794130.5410.53605156588.50.53511.466290832

280.5852.5317807984240.5214.3100843641160.5312.40526486720.50.5459.6143860553250.53711.0931560707170.5312.405264867130.53511.466290832

320.5882.0202707318330.52513.3531392625200.5116.2518929498250.558.701137699290.53711.093156070721.50.52513.3531392625170.52513.3531392625

360.60380.52513.3531392625240.51515.2762754552290.5518.519484606333.50.54210.1663653776260.5116.251892949821.50.50517.2371225941

0420.5410.5360515658280.5410.5360515658340.5528.3381608939380.5528.3381608939310.50517.237122594131.50.46525.4892249629

0460.558.701137699320.53511.466290832380.5557.7961541470360.50217.8329535524370.40539.304258811

00360.5410.5360515658420.5577.4364415289040.50.52513.3531392625420.45527.6632236265

00000450.5312.405264867480.50517.2371225941

00000510.53511.466290832510.52513.3531392625

000000550.53511.466290832

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0Strain Distribution Profiles0

IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0IF Steel 0.6mm Thickness0

Blank width = 80mm0Blank width = 100mm0Blank width = 120mm0Blank width = 140mm0Blank width = 160mm0Blank width = 180mm0Blank width = 200mm0

0000000

Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in 45 Degree to the rolling Direction0Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal Direction0

0000000

Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0Distance from the poleThickness0

0000000

-650.51814.6954412957-540.49519.2371892647-650.575.1293294388-540.5823.0459207485-560.575.1293294388-570.53511.466290832-540.5557.796154147

-540.5479.2480852794-490.47523.3614851182-590.5656.010392407-490.5724.7790663836-500.5557.796154147-520.52313.7348191151-480.53511.466290832

-420.5518.5194846063-430.4626.5703165733-520.5882.0202707318-430.5626.5427805322-440.53810.9071095054-460.50517.2371225941-420.50517.2371225941

-360.52513.3531392625-350.45827.0060471102-460.54210.1663653776-37.50.53511.466290832-380.45228.3247475384-400.47523.3614851182-350.47523.3614851182

-300.53212.0286165875-290.4626.5703165733-400.50816.6448207638-320.5312.405264867-310.49818.6329578191-320.45527.6632236265-310.39541.8043890315

-23.50.53810.9071095054-220.46525.4892249629-310.51515.2762754552-250.52812.783337151-250.51814.6954412957-250.48521.2780764279-250.48521.2780764279

-17.50.5528.3381608939-13.50.47523.3614851182-240.53212.0286165875-18.50.54210.1663653776-180.53511.466290832-19.50.50517.2371225941-18.50.50517.2371225941

-110.5410.5360515658-11.50.4822.3143551314-180.53810.9071095054-130.5489.0654368268-120.5489.0654368268-120.51515.2762754552-120.52513.3531392625

-5.50.5459.6143860553-5.50.49818.6329578191-120.5489.0654368268-60.5587.2570692835-60.558.701137699-5.50.52513.3531392625-5.50.5459.6143860553

00.5754.255961441900.5675.6570351488-60.5528.338160893900.5675.657035148800.5489.065436826800.558.70113769900.5557.796154147

5.50.5528.33816089395.50.49519.237189264700.5656.01039240760.5587.257069283560.53810.90710950545.50.5479.24808527945.50.52812.783337151

110.54210.166365377611.50.4920.252426411160.5528.3381608939130.52812.783337151120.52812.783337151120.5459.6143860553120.52513.3531392625

17.50.54210.166365377613.50.48521.2780764279120.54210.166365377618.50.53810.9071095054180.51814.695441295719.50.5214.310084364118.50.5116.2518929498

230.5459.6143860553220.4822.3143551314180.53511.466290832250.52812.783337151250.49818.6329578191250.4920.2524264111250.50517.2371225941

300.5439.9820335282290.47722.9413164328240.52513.3531392625320.49818.6329578191310.47822.7318922725320.43532.1583624127310.44529.885537305

360.54210.1663653776350.47523.3614851182310.51515.276275455237.50.46824.8461359298380.53212.0286165875400.47523.3614851182350.42534.4840486292

420.5410.5360515658430.46525.4892249629400.50517.2371225941430.52812.783337151440.5626.5427805322460.51515.2762754552420.49519.2371892647

540.54210.1663653776490.45527.6632236265460.53511.466290832490.5685.4808236495500.575.1293294388520.5459.6143860553480.5459.6143860553

650.4528.7682072452540.440.5465108108520.558.701137699540.5783.7355786544

600.49519.2371892647590.575.1293294388600.5882.0202707318

0

Sheet1

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thickness strain distribution in transvers direction


Thickness strain in %

Blank width - 80 mm

Sheet2

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Blank width - 100 mm

Sheet3

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Sheet4

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Blank width - 80 mm

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Blank width - 80 mm

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Blank width -100 mm

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Blank width -120 mm

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Blank width -140 mm

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Blank width -160 mm

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Blank width -180 mm

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Blank width -200 mm

Strain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution ProfilesStrain Distribution Profiles

IF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm ThicknessIF Steel 1.6mm Thickness

Blank width = 80mmBlank width = 100mmBlank width = 120mmBlank width = 140mmBlank width = 160mmBlank width = 180mmBlank width = 200mm

Thickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal DirectionThickness strain Distribution Profile in Longitudinal Direction

Distance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness StrainDistance from the poleThicknessThickness Strain

-621.37515.1549898127-621.26523.4931507066-561.4211.9346757633-501.459.8440072813-501.44510.1894307681-481.4311.2329184974-491.320.7639364778

-561.27522.7057450635-561.2623.8891908282-511.36515.8849200609-451.39513.7109213972-451.413.3531392625-441.3914.0699882103-431.20528.3524062303

-501.07539.7682967666-511.25524.2868056662-461.320.7639364778-401.3417.7334015283-401.3516.9899036795-401.320.7639364778-391.0245.020100195

-44.51.28521.9244910899-451.24525.0868099329-411.0938.3825933005-351.137.4693449441-351.18530.0260854659-361.1334.7785996521-350.9453.1879032964

-381.31519.6166963616-391.25524.2868056662-361.0938.3825933005-330.9453.1879032964-32.50.89558.0935189953-330.957.5364144904-310.8563.2522558744

-331.3914.0699882103-331.3119.9976492033-331.25524.2868056662-271.1433.8975366839-281.23625.812327021-271.17530.873548165-261.12535.2220593589

-281.40512.996632646-281.33518.1072337394-281.28521.9244910899-221.2822.3143551314-231.28521.9244910899-221.24525.0868099329-221.24525.0868099329

-231.42511.5831815525-231.37515.1549898127-231.3516.9899036795-17.51.33518.1072337394-181.35516.6202174914-17.51.33518.1072337394-171.35516.6202174914

-181.459.8440072813-181.4112.6413924856-181.3914.0699882103-131.3715.5192889406-13.51.3715.5192889406-131.36515.8849200609-131.38514.4303489606

-131.4559.4997728622-131.40512.996632646-13.251.39513.7109213972-8.51.3914.0699882103-91.42511.5831815525-8.51.39513.710