NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PLANING/PRE-PLANING PHASE

DESIGN PHASE

PRE-CONSTRUCTUCTION

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

POST CONSTRUCTION/CLOSE OUT PHASE

CLIENT

CONSULTANT

CONTRUCTOR

CLIENT IS AN IMPORTANT PERSON IN

CONSTRUCTION

CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO INVEST MONEY

CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO OWN THE PROJECT

CLIENT LOOK AFTER PROJECT FROM STARTING TO

END

CONSULTANT IS A PROFESSIONAL WHO PROVIDE

PROFESSIONAL OR EXPERT ADVICE

CLIENT CONTACT WITH CONSULTANT DIRECTLY FOR

HIS/HER PROJECT.

CONSULTANT IS A CONNECTING ROPE BETWEEN

CLIENT AND CONTRACTOR.

CONSULTANT PREPARE DRAWINGS, DOCUMENTS AND

SPECIFICATIONS

CONTRACTOR IS AN EXPERT OR PROFESSIONAL IN

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS WHO PLAY A LEADING ROLE

DURING CONSTRUCTION.

CONTRACTOR IS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH

CONSULTANT.

CONTRACTOR COME INTO PLAY FROM THE INTIAL

STAGE UPTO THE LAST STAGE.

CONTRACTOR CAN BE SOMETIMES CONSULTANT ALSO.

CLIENT

• IDEA

CONSULTANT

• DOCUMENTS

• DRAWINGS

• TENDER NOTICE

CONTRACTOR

• PRIME CONTRACTOR

• SUB CONTRACTOR

PLANNING

ANY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT STARTS WITH THE DESIRE OF CLIENT/OWNER.

MASTER PLAN CREATE AND SIGNED OFF BY OWNER.

MASTER PLAN INCLUDE FUNCTION, SIZE, ECONOMIC REQUIREMENT OF PROJECT, ALSO INCLUDE TIME DURATION AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY (PROJECT BUDGET AND FINANCING).

SITE SELECTION.

CLIENT CONTACT CONSULTANT FOR DESIGNING OF THE PROJECT.

ARCHITECT/ENGINEER TAKES THE LEAD IN DESIGN.

ARCHITECT DESIGN 2D AND 3D DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PROJECT.

HERE ARCHITECT PREPARES BILL OF QUANTITY.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS INITIATE WITH THE AWARDING OF PROJECT TO THE CONTRACTOR.

CONTRACTOR IN THIS PHASE IS A KEY PLAYER.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CARRY ON UNLESS THE HANDLING OF PROJECT TO OWNER.

BIM is essentially "the process of generating and managing information about a building during its entire life cycle".

“BIDDING IS AN OFFER (OFTEN COMPETITIVE) OF SETTING A PRICE ONE IS WILLING TO PAY FOR

SOMETHING OR A DEMAND THAT SOMETHING BE DONE. A PRICE OFFER IS CALLED A BID.”

BOND

A TYPE OF SURETY BOND USED BY INVESTORS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS TO PROTECT AGAINST AN ADVERSE EVENT THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS, FAILURE TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT DUE TO INSOLVENCY OF THE BUILDER(S), OR THE JOB'S FAILURE TO MEET CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS.

BID-BOND

SECURITY BOND

EARNEST MONEY

BOQ

A BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ) IS A DOCUMENT USED IN TENDERING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN WHICH MATERIALS, PARTS, AND LABOR (AND THEIR COSTS) ARE ITEMIZED.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

ASSURANCE OF QUALITY OF MATERIAL ETC BY SUPPLIER.

CONTRACT

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT IS SIMPLY MUTUAL OR LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO PARTIES BASED ON CERTAIN POLICIES AND CONDITIONS GENERALLY RECORDED IN DOCUMENTATION FORM. THE TWO PARTIES INVOLVED ARE OWNER AND CONTRACTOR.

AN INVITATION IS BEING SEND TO THE BIDDERS IN THE FORM OF TENDER NOTICE EITHER BY THE SENDING AN INVITATION LETTER OR BY GIVING AN ADVERTISEMENT IN THE NEWS PAPER OR ON THE WEBSITE.

THE INTERESTED BIDDERS MUST NEED TO DEPOSIT SOME MONEY IN ORDER TO TAKE THE VOLUMES FROM THE CLIENT OR CONSULTANT. THIS MONEY IS USUALLY 25000 Rupees.

NORMALLY PEC HAS 3 VOLUMES FOR BOQ.

VOLUME 1

VOLUME 2

VOLUME 3

BUT SOME FIRM USES VOLUME 4 AS WELL.

VOLUME 4

CONDITION OF CONTRACT

INVITATION LETTER

INSTRUCTION TO BIDDER

BIDDING DATA

IT HAS DIFFERENT APPENDIX'S AND APPENDIX D IS OF BOQ.

GCC IS ALSO THE PART OF V₁.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

MATERIAL

SOIL REPORT

SECTION DETAIL

DRAWINGS

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

IT HAS EHS (ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SAFETY) GUIDELINES

WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

PI (PROJECT INSTRUCTION)

USUALLY THE LOWEST RESPONSIBLE BIDDER IS AWARDED THE PROJECT.

NOC: NOC MEANS NO OBJECTION

CERTIFICATE. AN NOC DATE IS GIVEN TO THE CONTRACTOR WHICH MEANS HE HAVE TO START HIS WORK UPON THE NOC DATE.

ACTING AS THE OWNER'S REPRESENTATIVE OR AGENT

PROJECT PLANNING AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROJECT DELIVERY

CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEWS

VALUE ENGINEERING

DEVELOPING SCHEDULES

ESTABLISHING WORKING BUDGETS CONSULTING ON DESIGN, UTILITY AND

BUILDING COSTS REVIEWING CONTRACTOR

QUALIFICATIONS MONITORING CONTRACTOR AND

DESIGN TEAM PERFORMANCE CONSTRUCTION PHASE SERVICES QUALITY CONTROL LITIGATION SUPPORT

CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING ALL OF THE MATERIAL, LABOR, EQUIPMENT (SUCH AS ENGINEERING VEHICLES AND TOOLS) AND SERVICES NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT.

GENERAL CONTRACTOR HIRES SPECIALIZED SUBCONTRACTORS TO PERFORM ALL OR PORTIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION WORK.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE APPLYING FOR

BUILDING PERMITS.

SECURING THE PROPERTY.

PROVIDING TEMPORARY UTILITIES ON SITE.

MANAGING PERSONNEL ON SITE.

PROVIDING SITE SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING.

DISPOSING OR RECYCLING OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE.

MONITORING SCHEDULES AND CASH FLOWS.

MAINTAINING ACCURATE RECORDS.

A joint venture (JV) is a business agreement in which the parties agree to develop, for a finite time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity.

They exercise control over the enterprise and consequently share revenues, expenses and assets.

when two or more persons come together to form a temporary partnership for the purpose of carrying out a particular project, such partnership can also be called a joint venture where the parties are "co-venturers".

Topographic survey:It helps to locate the NSL with the MSL reference

Clearing and grubbing:Clearing and grubbing process occur on the Natural Surface Level

(NSL) then to achieve NGL(Natural Ground Level) the compaction

of NSL is carried out.

FDT:Field density test of the soil is then took place which is the

compaction of embankment layers and this test is done for each layer

separately.

Problems face by the contractor

during construction:There might be a number of problems e.g.

•Strikes

•Shortage of fuel

•Equipment’s failure

•Weather conditions

•Any mishap on field

The contractor must need to report the consultant in case of any

work delay.

Project Inspector:Meanwhile, member of the consultant always remain on site for the

quality assurance and monitoring of safety factors. The QA/QC and

EHS are also the contractor’s responsibility .Before the starting of

any new work the contractor is bound to have a consultant’s sign on

the check request. Without his permission no work can be started

on the field. He only signs the check request after all the test results

comes positive and when he is completely satisfied by the

contractor’s work.

The IPC Reports:There might be a number of IPC reports. IPC stands for In-

term Payment Certificate. It’s the demand of money by the contractor to the client after the completion of the amount of work mentioned in the contract.

• Substantial completion• Once the project is sufficiently complete, the contractor will ask

the architect to conduct a substantial completion inspection to

confirm that the work is complete in most respects.

• Contractor implies that the work is complete enough for the owner

to occupy the facility and start using it, even though there might be

cosmetic and minor work yet to be completed.

• Punch list• List of incomplete portions of the work (to be completed)

• The punch list, which is prepared by the contractor, is used by the

engineer as a checklist to review all work, not merely the incomplete

portions of the work.

Post-Construction (Project Closeout) Phase:• Certificate of final completion:• After the contractor carries out all the corrective work identified during the substantial completion inspection and so informs the architect, the architect (with the assistance of the consultants) carries out the final inspection of the project.• If the final inspection passes, certification for final payment is issued by the architect, which entitles the contractor to receive the final payment from the owner.

Record documents (As‐built documents)):• Minor changes are often made during the construction of a project.• Changes must be recorded for the benefit of the owner should the owner wish to alter or expand the building in the future.