Computing for Engineering - Lecture 02

Computing for Engineering

Prepared by: Eng. Shireen Mansour

Petroleum DepartmentChemical DepartmentCivil Department

Faculty of Engineering

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Contents:

1. Booting.2. BIOS System3. Computer Casing4. Introduction5. Formatting Hard-Disk6. Check Disk7. Partitioning Hard-Disk

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Booting (power-on startup)

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Loading the system files of the operation system from the diskinto the computer memory.

Types of Booting:

1. Cold Booting: turn ‘’ ON’’ the computer by pressing onthe power switch ’ ’ON’’ in front of the Case.

2. Warm Booting: if the computer is already ‘ON’ and werestart it.

BIOS

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BIOS ( Basic Input Output System): It is type of Firmware thatstored in a ROM Chip (or BIOS Chip) on the motherboard containsinstructions and setup for how your system should boot (power-onstartup) and how it operates like; POST (Power-On Self Test ) andloading operating system etc.

Firmware: It is a permanentsoftware programmed intothe ROM.

Computer Casing

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It is a box (or enclosure) that contains the most of the computercomponents and connecting them with the peripherals devices.

What does it contain?

1. Power Supply2. Hard Disk Drive3. Diskette Drive4. CD/ DVD– ROM Drive5. Motherboard

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Switch Mode Power Supply: Supplying and regulating the powerthat needed to all computer components to perform the requiredprocess for the system to operate properly.

The Models of Power Supply (according to theMotherboard Form Factor):

1. AT (Advanced Technology).2. ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended).

1. Power Supply (or SMPS)

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS): It is a device that stores theelectricity and automatically supports the computer component bypower when the electricity failures in order to not damage thecomputer component and loss the data

UPS

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1. Power Supply (or SMPS)

A Power Supply has three types of connectors used to power thevarious devices inside the Computer Casing:

1. Molex Connector: for (HDD and CD/ DVD- ROM).2. Berg Connector: for FDD (Floppy Disk Drive).3. System Connector: for the motherboard power supply.

The back of Power Supply contains of:1. Exhaust Fan Port.2. Monitor Power Connector.3. Computer Power Connector.

Internal HDD

PowerCables

SATA Cable

IDE CableData Cables

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2. Hard Disk Drive

Internal Hard Disk Drive (HDD): is housed inside the Casing and isconnected directly to the motherboard across Data Cable IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics) or SATA (Serial Advanced TechnologyAttachment) cable. And it is connected to the power supply a cross thePower Supply Cable (Molex).

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3. Diskette Drive

Diskette Drive: is housed inside the Casing and is connected directlyto the motherboard across Data Cable and to the power supply a crossthe Power Supply Cable (Berg Connector).

Power CableData Cable

FDD

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4. CD/DVD- ROM

CD/DVD- ROM: It is a device that is used to read CDs/ DVDs, Ifcapable of writing to the DVD, then it is often referred to as aCD/DVD- Burner or CD/DVD- RW.

Connected directly to the motherboard across data cable and to thepower supply a cross the power supply cable (Molex).

DVD- RW

5. Motherboard

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Motherboard: It is a printed circuit board (PCB) in form of physicalarrangement that holds the computer `s basic circuitry andcomponents. It is placed inside the computer Casing .

5. Motherboard (Cont.)

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The motherboard design (Form Factor) in desktopcomputer are: AT, ATX etc.

The modern Motherboard include:

1. CPU Socket: used for installing the microprocessors .

2. DIMM Slots: Dual In-line Memory Module used forinstalling the main memory (RAM).

3. ROM Chip(Flash Chip): used for installing ROM

ROM CPU Socket

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4. AGP slot : Accelerated Graphic Port an advanced port designed forVideo cards and 3D accelerators.

5. PCI slots: Peripheral Component Interconnect, connectingother devices such as modems, sound and graphic cards. Used toadd/improve functionality to the computer

6. CPU Fan Connector: used for installing the microprocessors` Fanto keep the CPU cool and dissipates excess heat.


Fan Connector PCI Slots

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7. ATX Power Connector : Connecting the power supply with themotherboard.

8. ATX Data Connector: (IDE or SATA): Connecting (Hard disk drive,Diskette drive, CD/ DVD- ROM) to exchange and transfer the data inbetween.


SATA Connector Power Connector

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9. CMOS battery : Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductoris powered ROM chip inside computers that stores information.so that nothing is lost after the PC is turned off.

10. Chipsets (North Bridge and South Bridge)

North Bridge: Linked: RAM, CPU, and AGPSouth Bridge: Linked: BIOS, I/O, PCI, EIDE, USB North Bridge

South BridgeCMOS


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11. The little parts: Capacitors –store energy, Resistors – allows acurrent through, Transistors – avalve which allows currents to beturned on or off.

12. The Peripheral devices ports:is connected the peripheral devicesto the motherboard .


12. Peripheral devices ports.

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1. PS/2 (Personal System); It is connected the mouse and keyboardto the motherboard inside.

PS/2 MousePS/2 Keyboard

2. Serial COM ports (COM1, COM2); connecting mice, modem etc.

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3. USB2 (Universal Serial Bus): connectingthe Pen Drive, mouse, external hard disketc.

4. IEEE 1394 (Fire Wire) ; using to connectthe scanner, printer etc.


IEEE 1394 Card

USB ports

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5. Parallel port ( LPT1 ); Line Printer Terminal,connecting the printer.

6. RJ- 45 Ethernet; using to connect thecomputer to the internet and network.

7. RJ14 Modem: using to connect the computerto the internet via phone line, very slow.


Parallel port

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8. Microphone, Headphone, and Speakers ports.

9. Game port (or Joystick port).


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10. VGA port; Video Graphic Array connecting the monitor.


Serial Port

All these ports replacedby USBs ports.

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Today windows 7 is the most used Operating system .It has a lot ofdifference version :

Introduction

1. Windows 7 Starter2. Windows 7 Home Basic3. Windows 7 Home Premium4. Windows 7 Professional5. Windows 7 Enterprise6. Windows 7 Ultimate

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What does Format mean?

Formatting Hard-Disk

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Disk Format:Preparing the chosen partition on the drive (hard disk, flash drive,etc.) to be used by an operating system by deleting all of the data andsetting up a file system.

Page Format: can also used to describe the page layout or style textin a word processing document like; changing the size, underline,bold of the font for text and changing the page size, page margin forthe page, etc.

File Format: Data saving way within a file in order to prevent using itin another application

What does Format mean?


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1. Select the partition thatyou need to format it.

2. Right click on it and chooseFormat...


How to Quick Format the Partitions orFlash disk:

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How to Quick Format the Partitionsor Flash disk:

3. Pick ‘Quick Format’, Then press‘Start’. Wait till it be finished, afterthat you can use the formatting drivefor storing.

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Check Disk

Some times your computer work slowly, can not open the filesproperly, etc. All these problems can happened because the harddisk have some errors on it. Windows 7 has a tool that can use itto Check and test the drives then fix the errors on itautomatically.

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Check Disk

How to Check the Partitions or Flash disk :

1. Select the Startbutton.

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Check Disk


2. Right Click on Startbutton. Then Choose ‘’Open WindowsExplorer ’’.

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Check Disk


3. Choose ‘’Computer ‘’.

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Check Disk


4. Select the partitionthat you want to checkit.

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Check Disk


5. Right click on it andchoose Properties.

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Check Disk


6. Choose ‘’ tool ’’.

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Check Disk


7. Press ‘’ Check Now ‘’.

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Check Disk


8. Pick ‘’ Automaticallyfix file system errors ’’.

9. Then press ‘’ Start ’’ tostart test.

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Check Disk


Till this part the Checkthe flash disk or anypartition(except thepartition that hasinstalled the operatingsystem on it) is finishedand the results willdisplay.

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Check Disk


10. If the drive you want tocheck is currently in use, asystem drive, you'll see adialog box with a warningmessage. In this case, click ‘’Schedule disk check ‘’.

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Check Disk


11. Close all the opened programs andthen restart the computer.

12. Examination will automaticallystart before the start of the nextWindows operating and theresults will display uponcompletion.

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Partition Disk

How to partition the disk :

1. Select ‘’ Computer ‘’ andpressing the right click onbutton and choose Manageto enter the ComputerManagement

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Partition Disk


2. Press ‘’ Disk Management’’.

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Partition Disk


3. Choose the partition that youwant to change the size of it,Then press Right click on itand choose Shrink Volume…

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Partition DiskHow to partition the disk :4. Then change the size of the partition as that you want to be,

after that press Shrink.

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Partition Disk


5. After that the newpartition will appear in blackundefined ‘’ Unallocated ‘’.

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Partition Disk


6. After that you can continue tocreate partition by clickingright click then choose thecommand "new simple volume“.

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Partition Disk


6. The Wizardwindow will appear,just press ‘’ Next’’.

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Partition Disk


7. Choose the size thatyou want for the newpartition between theMinimum and Maximumvalue. Then press ‘’ Next ‘’.

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Partition Disk


8. Assign the driveletter as you want forthe new partition thenpress ‘’ Next ‘’.

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Partition Disk


9. Pick formatting thisvolume and you canchange the File Systemtype ‘’ NTFS or FAT’’.Then press ‘’ Next’’.

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Partition Disk


10. Be sure about theinformation thatdisplayed in thiswindow, Then press ‘’Next’’. Or you can press‘’ Back ‘’ to go back andchange the information.