Mobile Train Radio Communicataion

Presented By:

Suraj Kumar Talreja

Branch: Electrical & Electronics

Roll no.: 0832EX111057

Submitted To:

Ms. Rinki Keswani &

Mr.Abhishek Dubey

(Seminar

Coordinator)

Contents

Introduction Background & Origin Main Features Main applications & Benefits Risks Architecture Projects Mobile Train Radio Communications in

India.

Introduction

Mobile Train Radio Communication(MRTC) is a railway signaling system that makes use of the telecommunications between the train and track equipment for the traffic management and infrastructure control.

By means of the CBTC systems, the exact position of a train is known more accurately than with the traditional signaling systems.

This results in a more efficient and safe way to manage the railway traffic

Contnd……………….

Background & Origin

The main aim of this MRTC system is to increase capacity by reducing the time interval(headway) between train travelling along the line.

In Signal System based in the detection of the trains in discrete sections of the track called 'blocks.

Each block is protected by signals that prevent a train entering an occupied block.

Since every block is fixed by the infrastructure, these systems are referred to as fixed block systems.

Now a days, Moving Block is used. Unlike, traditional Fixed Block each block is not traditionally defined by the infrastructure.

Besides, the trains themselves are continuously communicating their exact position to the equipment in the track by means of a bi-directional link through Radio Communication.

 Bombardier opened the world's first radio-based CBTC system at San Francisco airport's Automated People Mover (APM) in February 2003.

A few months later, in June 2003, Alstom introduced the railway application of its radio technology on the Singapore North East Line. 

SFO Air Train, in San Francisco Airport, was the first radio-based CBTC system deployment in the world

Main Features

In the modern CBTC systems the trains continuously calculate and communicate their status via radio to the wayside equipment distributed along the line.

This status includes, among other parameters, the exact position, speed, travel direction and braking distance.

It also enables the wayside equipment to define the points on the line that must never be passed by the other trains on the same track.

Safety distance (safe-braking distance) between trains in fixed block and moving block signal system.

CBTC systems based on moving block allows the reduction of the safety distance between two consecutive trains. This distance is varying according to the continuous updates of the train location and speed, maintaining the safety requirements.

Modern CBTC System allows different levels of automation like GoA1, GoA2, GoA3, GoA4……….

Main Applications & Benefits CBTC systems allow optimal use of the

railway infrastructure as well as achieving maximum capacity and minimum headway between operating trains, while maintaining the safety requirements.

The evolution of the technology and the experience gained in operation over the last 30 years means that modern CBTC systems are more reliable and less prone to failure than older train control systems.

Risks

The primary risk of a CBTC system is that if the communications link between any of the trains is disrupted then all or part of the system might have to enter a failsafe state until the problem is remedied.

Communications failures can result from equipment malfunction, electromagnetic interference, weak signal strength or saturation of the communications medium.

In this case, an interruption can result in a service brake or emergency brake application as real time situational awareness is a critical safety requirement for CBTC

CBTC systems that make use of wireless communications link have a much larger attack surface and can be subject to various types of hacking.

With the increasing application of CBTC system, there is an immense pressure over the international community to reserve a frequency band especially for Train Radio Communication. Such decision would help to standarize the CBTC systems across the market and ensure availability for those critical systems.

Architecture

The typical architecture of a modern CBTC system comprises the following main sub systems:

• Wayside equipment, which includes the interlocking and the subsystems controlling every zone in the line or network (typically containing the wayside ATP and ATO functionalities). Depending on the suppliers, the architectures may be centralized or distributed. The control of the system is performed from a central command ATS, though local control subsystems may be also included as a fallback.

• CBTC onboard equipment, including ATP and ATO subsystems in the vehicles.

• Train to wayside communication subsystem, currently based on radio links.

Architecture

The following logical components may be found generally in a typical CBTC architecture:

Onboard ATP system. This subsystem is in charge of the continuous control of the train speed according to the safety profile, and applying the brake if it is necessary.

Onboard ATO system. It is responsible for the automatic control of the traction and braking effort in order to keep the train under the threshold established by the ATP subsystem.

• Wayside ATP system. This subsystem undertakes the management of all the communications with the trains in its area. Additionally, it calculates the limits of movement authority that every train must respect while operating in the mentioned area.

• Wayside ATO system. It is in charge of controlling the destination and regulation targets of every train. The wayside ATO functionality provides all the trains in the system with their destination as well as with other data such as the dwell time in the stations

• Communication system. The CBTC systems integrate a digital networked radio system by means of antennas or leaky feeder cable for the bi-directional communication between the track equipment and the trains. The 2,4GHz band is commonly used in these systems (same as Wi-Fi).

• ATS system. The ATS system is commonly integrated within most of the CBTC solutions. Its main task is to act as the interface between the operator and the system, managing the traffic according to the specific regulation criteria.

Automatic Transit System(ATS)

Projects

Mobile Train Rodio Communication In India

Mobile Train Radio Communication (MTRC) over IR was introduced during 1980’s in Nagpur – Durg, Nagpur – Itarsi and Nagpur – Bhusawal sections of SER and CR zones of IR.

Although the system met, the requirements of MTRC, yet bulky handsets provided to drivers and guards and logistic for it’s charging made this system very un-popular.

GSM(R) based MTRC works were sanctioned during 2005 and deployed over NFR, ER, NCR and NR zones purely for train control communication purpose.

The investment of around 975 million INR remains gainfully unutilised.

As per report published on Nov. 10, 2013 in Times of India "We are implementing Mobile Train Radio Communication

(MTRC) system which would provide better communication between the control room and the driver in speeding trains," said a senior Railway Ministry official involved with the project.

The system will provide control rooms with emergency brake for trains which can be used in case of signal violation by drivers.

While the MRTC system is currently being installed in the 2264-km route including Delhi-Ludhiana, Howrah-Mughalsarai and Kolkata Metro sections, 2235-km-long route including the New Delhi-Howrah and New Delhi-Jammu will be equipped with the modern communication system by March next year.

Literature Survey

CBTC Radios- What to DO? Which way to go? By Tom sullivan asses that Continuous bi-directional communications forms the heart of CBTC technology. By using two-way communications instead of traditional fixed block track circuits some transit operators have been able to realize significant performance improvements while at the same time increasing safety and lowering operating costs.

References

 Semi-automatic, driverless, and unattended operation of trains .IRSE-ITC, 2010. Accessed through www.irse-itc.net in June 2011.

 CBTC: más trenes en hora punta. Comunidad de Madrid, www.madrig.org, 2010. Accessed June 2011

 Busiest Subways. Matt Rosenberg for About.com, Part of the New York Times Company. Accessed July 2011

CBTC radios: What to do? Which way to go?Tom Sullivan, 2005.