CommTech Talks: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in LTE and beyond

vehicle-to-vehicle communications

in lte and beyond

Gino Masini, MBAEricsson ABSystems and Technologies

Politecnico di MilanoApril 27, 2016 – 17:00Sala Conferenze – DEIB

EAB/FJT/GA Gino Masini | 2016-04-28 | Page 2

› From connected cars to Intelligent Transportation Systems› Road safety services› Technology› LTE for vehicles› Let’s hit the road!

Summary


“… You could make telephone calls from the car… there were two long sticks, like fishing rods, handled by Hilda. She would hook them over a pair of telephone wires, seeking a pair that were free... When they were found, Lars Magnus would crank the dynamo handle of the telephone, which produced a signal to an operator in the nearest exchange.”

The Ericsson Chronicle

connected cars, circa 1910


› Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)– Improved road safety, traffic optimization,

sustainability, convenience for citizens– Standardized solutions– Goal: “Good for society”

› Automotive– Value-added services to car owners– Car OEM solutions– Goal: “Brand loyalty”

Automotive and ITS


› Commercial services for connected cars– Connected navigation and infotainment– Stolen vehicle tracking– Vehicle diagnostics– Remote control of vehicle functions– Software upgrades over the air– …

› Primarily driven by vehicle OEMs› OEM proprietary protocols over mobile broadband

Automotive


connected service booking

› Collected vehicle data shared with repair network

› Regular, proactive maintenance


in-car payments

› Navigation and parking aggregators in the cloud help to find free parking space

› “Book, navigate and pay” in the car head unit


delivery of goods

› “Use your car as a delivery space for goods”

› “Find car”, “digital key” functions authorized to be used by delivery companies


car-to-infrastructure comms

› Data collected from vehicles sent to cloud, shared with authorities, and used to warn other cars in same areas

– e.g. slippery road

› Vital for self-driving cars


cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS)

› Improved road safety, traffic management and optimization› Primarily driven by public authorities› Many actors

– Drivers– Pedestrians– Vehicle OEMs– Road authorities– Public safety authorities– Communication providers– …

› Connectivity over dedicated Vehicle-to-Everything (V2x) communications

TrafficManagementCenter


› Presence notification– “Here I am”

› Event-based notification– e.g. “I’m hitting the brakes”

› Vulnerable road users– e.g. pedestrians, cyclists: “Watch out, I’m approaching”

› Emergency vehicle warning– “Ambulance coming through!”

› Road infrastructure, traffic info, flow management– Road signs, traffic lights, real-time congestion warning

› Connected automation– Platooning, autonomous driving

some examples of services


Example:C-ITS Service types1. automatic SHARING

Connected Traffic Cloud

TrafficAuthority

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Sharing aggregated anonymous data

Connected TrafficManagement

Connected TrafficSafety

OEM

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

FLEET FLEETWaze


Example:C-ITS Service types2. traffic management reaching out

Connected Traffic Cloud

TrafficAuthority

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Sharing aggregated anonymous data

Connected TrafficManagement

Connected TrafficSafety

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

SLIPPERY ROAD

OEM

FLEET FLEETWaze


› OBU – OnBoard Unit› RSU – Road Side Unit› V2V – Vehicle-to-Vehicle› V2I – Vehicle-to-Infrastructure› V2P – Vehicle-to-Pedestrian› V2N – Vehicle-to-Network› V2x – Vehicle-to-Everything

C-ITS terminology


› ETSI– CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message)– DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message)

› IEEE (DSRC, Dedicated Short Range Communication, unlicensed 5.9 GHz band)– BSM (Basic Safety Message)– SPaT / MAP (Signal Phase and Timing / intersection geometric description)

ETSI-IEEE cooperation / alignment is ongoing

standards tracks


use cases (3gpp TR 22.885)


service requirementsService Payload / Latency Trigger type / Frequency

S: CAM(notify the presence, aka “here I am”)

400 bytes<100 ms

Periodic / 10 Hz

S: DENM(event-based notification, e.g., brake)

100-1000 bytes<100 ms

Event / 1 Hz

S: CAM + DENM in very high mobility and high vehicle density < 1600 bytes< 5 ms

Event + Periodic / 1Hz

S: vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists: “Watch out, I’m approaching”)

400 bytes<100 ms

Periodic /1 Hz

S: Emergency vehicle warning (“Ambulance coming through!”) 400 bytes<100 ms

Event /10 Hz

E: Road infrastructure, traffic info and flow mgmt (road signs, congestion notification, real-time traffic advice)

100-1000 bytes< 100 ms

Event/ 10 Hz

C: Connected automation (platooning, autonomous driving, …) 100-1000 bytes<100 ms

Periodic + Event / 10 Hz

C: fleet management (Management of company vehicles) 400 bytes<500 ms

Event / 1 Hz


Traffic generation is affected by vehicle speed, direction, distance, …

road conditions data Traffic


› Direct communication must be possible regardless of infrastructure coverage

› Steering between infrastructure and direct connections based on user / radio conditions

› Need to be reliable regardless of infrastructure coverage

› Need to scale for large numbers of vehicles in the same area

› Must support high relative speed between vehicles

technology: Critical issues


› Direct device-to-device communications supported (ProSe, Proximity Services)– Both in- and out-of-coverage

› Broadcast Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (eMBMS) over SFN (Single-Frequency Network)

– Optimizing coverage also in tight spots

connecting the dots with lte


› Devices discover each other and communicate directly– Out-of-coverage: using pre-configured parameters– In-coverage: assisted by network

For V2x: QoS support for D2D link; no need for discovery; enhanced L1

Direct Device-to-device

D2D direct discovery


› Establishes a Single-Frequency Network (SFN) configuration

› More efficient than unicast for large populations of connected vehicles

› Increased coverage through SFN combination gain

MBMS – broadcast over lte

Example: Dense German city, single site, 2.8 bit/s/Hz TX mode >95% service probability within 10 km>95% service probability from 93% of area in 10-20 km range

For V2x: multiplexing of messages transmitted by vehicles


› Licensed spectrum, owned by a single Operator / Authority– Reserved for ITS services or shared with other commercial services

› Licensed spectrum, shared by multiple Operators / Authorities– Reserved for V2x services

› Unlicensed spectrum– Shared between different technologies (e.g., LTE, DSRC, …)

the spectrum dilemma


let’s hit the road

› Kista Mobility Week (25-29/4)› Electric driverless buses

– Automated– Uses 5G technology components– Live camera feed and position data to

remote center

› Test site for Drive Sweden– Strategic innovation programhttp://www.drivesweden.net/en


› V2x enables smart mobility to transform transportation around the world› Huge opportunity for innovation, combining ICT and automotive industries

– Not just connected cars

› Building blocks provided by LTE– 3GPP Rel-14 frozen in 2017

› Critical for driverless vehicles but also beneficial to today’s drivers and passengers

final messages

Engineering

CommTech Talks: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in LTE and beyond