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Building rugged and reliable networks with fiber
Shane Duffy
Fiber & Telecoms Product Manager
B&B Electronics
Agenda
• Why choose Fiber?• Network layers• Designing network topologies for resilience• Selecting the right Fiber and Equipment• Applications• Q&A
Why choose fiber?
Why Choose Fiber
Copper Fiber
Bandwidth 100 Mb / 1Gb / 10Gb 100 Mb / 1Gb / 10Gb / 40Gb /100Gb ++
Distance 100m* 100 miles +
Security Radiated signals Signal interrupted if brokenAllows centralized equipment
Immunity and Reliability EM / RFI, Crosstalk, impedance , Ground loops
No electrical interference, temperature range
Design and Installation Small profile, option to blow fiber into ducts as required.
Migration and Upgrades Copper at or near limits of transmission technology
Upgrade devices at both ends. CWDM / DWDM
Cost Cost profile continues to drop. Better long term ROI in increasing bandwidth requirements. Termination costs have dropped.
Advantages of Fiber for networks
• Bandwidth up to Terabits/sec• Distance to 100+ km• Lack of EMI (Electromagnetic immunity)• Cost decreasing continually due to new form
factors• Available as an IE (Industrial Ethernet) extended
temperature product• Fiber for networks is Class-I, Eye-safe lasers : no
damage to the equipment will occur• The use of fiber Ethernet reduces the problems of
electrical noise and provides electrical isolation to prevent equipment damage caused by ground loops
Who needs fiber?
• Security cameras with long runs back to control rooms• Digital signage providers• Airport self check-in kiosks• Rail companies for track side equipment and signaling• Telecoms providers for mobile phone towers• Manufacturing facilities for equipment on the
manufacturing floor• Datacenters • Government and Military installations• Internet service providers
Network Layers
Network Layers
• File transfer, Email, Remote login7 Application
6 Presentation
• Establish/manage connection5 Session
• End-to-end control & error checking TCP4 Transport
• Routing and Forwarding IP3 Network
• Ethernet2 Data Link
• Transmission signalling1 Physical
Designing network topologies for resilience
Power Supplies
• Power supplies– A key difference between consumer devices and
Industrial Ethernet devices.– Supports wider power input range– Dual power supplies for reliability– Wide temperature range support– Better resistance to transient spikes
1 Physical
Fiber cable Armor / location
• Armored fiber optic cable
• Ducting of fiber optic cables• Redundant path selection
1 Physical
Fiber Path Redundancy
• Spanning Tree
2 Data Link
2 Data Link
Link Fault Pass Through
Propagation of link faultPropagation of link fault
3 Network
Monitoring and Alerting
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
• What is Network Management?– Configuration management
• Device settings
– Fault management• Issues that occur on the network
– Performance management• How smoothly is the network running• How much data is the network sending
3 Network
SNMP Applications
Monitoring the networkconnections of All schools and universities in Ireland
www.hea.net
3 Network
SNMP Applications
www.hea.net
3 Network
Monitoring and Alerting
• Dying GaspHelp. My
power source just failed!
Help. My power source
just failed!Fault MessageFault Message
Selecting the right Fiber and Equipment
Fiber Types and Connectors
• There are two main categories of fiber, Single Mode and Multi Mode– In each category, there is a variety of wavelengths
• Fiber strands are terminated with industry standard connectors, typically ST, SC, LC
• Fiber is available in a fixed form factor, ie, assembled and soldered to a board
• Fiber is currently available now in an SFP form factor-Small Form Pluggable, which offers tremendous flexibility for the network designer
Multimode vs Singlemode
Cable types and connectors
MM fiber cable 62.5/125µm
SM fiber cable 9/125µm
ST connectors (Stick and Twist)
SC connectors (Stick and Click)
LC connectors (Lucent Connector)
SFP, Small Form Pluggable
• The latest form factor for fiber, offering complete flexibility for the network-ie, any network device with an SFP cage can accommodate MM or SM SFP, and be swapped out at a later date– SFP, SFP+, XFP– Both fiber types and all wavelengths
• SFP supports a speed of 10Mbps up to 1 Gigabit
• SFP+, XFP support 10G (10 gigabit)
Advantages of Single Mode Fiber
• Can cover up to 100km in distance• Best for connecting WANs• Supports a wide bandwidth, full wire speed• Typical wavelengths are 1310nm, 1550nm and
CWDM wavelengths for muxing devices• Single Mode fiber cables are not defined by
speed or protocol• Available in dual strand and Single Strand Fiber
(SSF).– SSF allows you to double your fiber capacity
Advantages of Multi Mode Fiber
• Can cover up to 2km in distance• Best for connecting LANs– Within a building or on a campus environment, eg
IBM, Universities
• Supports a wide bandwidth, full wire speed• Typical wavelengths are 850nm, 1300nm• Available in dual strand
Media conversion
• Network devices will offer copper (RJ-45) interfaces and sometimes fiber interfaces, either in a fixed form factor or an SFP.
• A typical requirement is finding a network device that will convert copper to fiber. This is media conversion.
Mode conversion
• There are occasions where fiber has been pulled and it is the wrong choice of fiber. A mode converter is the perfect solution.– Can provide a SM to MM conversion, MM to MM
or SM to SM. For example, at a military base, the integrator pulled SM fiber within a new 10 story building. However, all the PCs at the desktops had MM fiber NICs. What to do? Install a mode converter.
Rugged fiber-based equipment
• Standard network equipment is installed in a controlled environment, temp range of 0 to 50° C. All components including fiber adhere to same standards for FCC and UL approval
• IE, Industrial Ethernet, indicates the network equipment will meet a wide temperature range, including the fiber, and be appropriate for a wide temp environs
• Ruggedized network equipment, including the fiber, will tolerate extended temps plus adhere to ratings for vibration, shock and other conditions.
Applications
10G fiber application
PoE Fiber Application
Summary
• How do you decide to deploy SM or MM fiber?– If it is a short distance of 2Km or less, MM is the appropriate
choice. SM is for longer distances• When should you consider an unmanaged or managed
network device?– When the network is mission critical. When the endpoints need
complete monitoring to reduce truck rolls. Then use managed. If expensive high end switches are installed, an unmanaged device is more cost effective.
• When does an SFP device make more sense to invest in? – When the customer is willing to invest a little more money in
the equipment for the sake of future-proofing his network and understands the flexibility of the SFP family
Questions & Answers
Training Material Available
• B&B Training material– http://www.bb-elec.com/Learning-Center.aspx
• CompTIA Network+– http://certification.comptia.org
• The Light Brigade– http://www.lightbrigade.com
Thank you!
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