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Brain Gate Technology developed by Bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2008 in conjunction with the department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
Development
Nicholas Halso
NEED OF BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY
• 300,000 Americans are spinal cord injured.• 52% of spinal cord injured individuals are
considered Partial paralysis and 48% Total Paralysis
• Approximately 15,000 new injuries occur each year.
• 82% are male.• 56% of injuries occur between the ages of 16
and 30
The brain-machine interface analyzes slight changes in the brain's blood flow and translates brain motion into electric signals.
Brain-Computer Interface
• A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device computer interface (BCI).
• It’s also known as direct neural interface or a brain–machine interface.
• Brain computer interface takes place as a result of EEG
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Brain Signals & Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• EEG is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain directly from the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain.
• No EEG signal pattern is duplicated for any two distinct actions
How EEG Works ?
• Recordes patterns by placing small metal discs called electrodes on the scalp in certain positions
• Each electrode is labeled with a letter and a number to indicate its position.
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How the Signal is Produced
• EEG machines use differential amplifiers to produce each channel or trace of activity.
• The EEG signal itself is in the waveform so it is required that an analogue to digital signal converter be employed to produce the signal as a series of numeric values each representing voltage values of each channel at a certain time instance.
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A TINY CHIP HOLDING 100 MICROSCOPIC ELECTRODES
• The Braingate Neural Interface device consists of a tiny chip containing 100 microscopic electrodes that is surgically implanted in the brain's motor cortex. The whole apparatus is the size of a baby aspirin. The chip can read signals from the motor cortex, send that information to a computer via connected wires, and translate it to control the movement of a computer cursor or a robotic arm. According to Dr. John Donaghue of Cyberkinetics, there is practically no training required to use Brain Gate because the signals read by a chip implanted, for example, in the area of the motor cortex for arm movement, are the same signals that would be sent to the real arm.
WORKING
• The sensor of the size of a contact lens is implanted in brain’s MOTOR CORTEX which control hand and arm movements. A tiny wire connects the chip to a small pedestal secured in the scull. A cable connects the pedestal to a computer. The brain's 100bn neurons fire between 20 and 200 times a second .The sensor implanted in the brain senses these electrical signals and passes signals to the computer through the cable. The computer translates the signals into a communication output, allowing a person to move a cursor on a computer screen merely by thinking about it.
Brain Gate Sensor Implantation and Post-Op Recovery as Planned
• Surgery as planned• Post-op recovery unremarkable• Wound healing around pedestal • complete
Arrayon Cortex
Insertion
2 months post implant
Neuro-motor prosthetic system
Computer1) Multi-electrode array implant
2) Decoding of neural signals
3) Output interface
Personal computer:• mouse• keyboard
Assistive Robotics:• robotic arm• mechanized prosthetic arm
Biological interface:• muscles • peripheral nerve • spinal cord
A boon to the paralyzed• Mathew-Nagel the first person to use
the brain-computer • interface to restore functionality lost
due to paralysis…
Biggest reward
• On 7th november 2009 toyota launched it’s wheel chair that works on thought
• It has a reaction time of 123 milliseconds
Wachowski brothers' movie trilogy "The Matrix," humans dive into a virtual world by connecting their brains directly to a
computer……
CONCLUSION
• The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical field.
WITH A BRAIN GATE YOU CAN: Turn on or off the lights on your room Check and read E-mails Play games in computer Use your PC Watch and control your Television Control a robotic arm
REFERENCES
• 1.Report on Brain Gate System by Vamsi krishna reddy and K. Dhanya
2.D.V.R & DR.H.S. MIC COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY KANCHIKACHARLA, KRISHNA..”Mind control “journal by Cambridge Consultants.
3.Annual report of cyber kinetics.4.www.clinicaltrails.gov/ct2/show