Upload
md-tanvir-alam
View
295
Download
10
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Biomass Gasification for Hydrogen ProductionPresented By Md Tanvir AlamDepartment of Environmental EngineeringYonsei University
Introduction
Introduction What is biomass?
Introduction What is Gasification?
A process that converts organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous materials into CO, H2 and CO2
By reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C)
With controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam
Introduction What is hydrogen fuel?
Zero-emission fuel when burned with oxygen
Hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) and releases energy.
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
IntroductionWhy we need hydrogen fuel?
Renewable energy
Clean energy
Environment friendly
Fuel efficient
IntroductionWhy hydrogen production from bio-
mass? Renewable resource
Most abundant
Carbon neutral
Cost effective
Easy to use
IntroductionPathways from Biomass to Hydrogen Production
Reference: Milne et al. (2001) National Renewable Energy Laborat-ory, USA
Methodology
Methodology
Methodology
Source: Cuiping et al. (2004). Biomass and bioenergy, 27(2), 119-130.
Elemental characteristics of biomass
Methodology
Reference: Higman & Burgt (2008). Gasification (2nd edition), Gulf Professional Publishing
1. C + ½ O2 → CO (-111 MJ/kmol)
2. CO + ½ O2 → CO2 (-283 MJ/kmol)
3. H2 + ½ O2 → H2O (-242 MJ/kmol)
Major chemical reactions within gasification process:
Methodology
Reference: Higman & Burgt (2008). Gasification (2nd edition), Gulf Professional Publishing
7. CO + H2O ↔ CO2 + H2 "Water-Gas-Shift Reaction"(-41 MJ/kmol)
8. CH4 + H2O ↔ CO2 + 3 H2 "Steam-Methane-Reforming Reac-tion"(+206 MJ/kmol)
4. C + H2O ↔ CO + H2 "the Water-Gas Reaction"(+131 MJ/kmol)
5. C + CO2 ↔ 2CO "the Boudouard Reaction"(+172 MJ/kmol)
6. C + 2H2 ↔ CH4 "the Methanation Reaction"(-75 MJ/kmol)
Result & Discussion
Result & DiscussionFeedstock Reactor Catalyst used Hydrogen production (vol
%)References
Sawdust Unknown Na2CO3 48.32 at 700 °C55.40 at 800 °C59.80 at 900 °C
Yongje et al.(1996) Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica
Sawdust Circulating fluidized bed Not used 10.5 at 810 °C Chuangzhi et al. (1997) Acta En-ergiae Solaris Sinica
Wood Fixed bed Not used 7.7 at 550 °C Xia et al. (2000) ) Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica
Sawdust Fluidized bed Unknown 57.4 at 800 °C Turn et al. (1998) Int. Jour. of Hy-drogen Energy
Sawdust Fluidized bed NiK2CO3CaONa2CO3
62.10 at 830 °C11.27 at 964 °C13.32 at 1008 °C14.77 at 1012 °C
Rapagna et al. (1998) Int. Jour. of Hydrogen EnergyChun et al.(2001) Chemistry and Industry of Forest Product
Pine sawdust Fluidized bed Unknown 26-42 at 700-800 °C Zhewei et al. (2002) Jour. Of Fuel Chemistry and Technology
Bagasse Fluidized bed Unknown 29-38 at 700-800 °C Same as above
Cotton stem Fluidized bed Unknown 27-38 at 700-800 °C Same as above
Sewage sludge Downdraft Unknown 10-11 at 700-800 °C Midilli et al. (2002) Int. Jour. of Hydrogen Energy
Almond shell Fluidized bed La-Ni-FePerovskite
62.8 at 800 °C63.7 at 900 °C Rapagna et al. (2002) Biomass &
BioenergySwitchgrass Moving bed Cu-Zn-Al 27.1 Brown (2003) National Renew-
able energy Laboratory
Factors that influence hydrogen productionTemperature
Type of reactor
Feeding materials
Catalysts
Cost Estimation
Source: Bowen et al. (2003) National Renewable Energy Lab, USA
Feedstock Moisture Content
Test Run (tonnes/day)
Bagasse 20% 500,1000,2000
Switchgrass 12% 500,1000,2000
Nutshell 12.5% 500
Fig. Process flow diagram
Cost estimation
Detailed breakdown of capital cost
Including labour, construction and in-stallation
Cost Estimation
Source: Bowen et al. (2003) National Renewable Energy Lab, USA
Cost Estimation
Source: Bowen et al. (2003) National Renewable Energy Lab, USA
Results of economical analysis for gasification of three biomass feedstocks
Future TrendHydrogen Production by Reaction Integrated Novel Gasification (HyPr-RING) process
Source: Lin et al. (2002) Energy Conversion and Management
Future TrendConcept of Hydrogen Production by Reaction Integrated Novel Gasification (HyPr-RING) process
Source: Lin et al. (2002) Energy Conversion and Management
Conclusion
Conclusion It is possible to achieve hydrogen production about 60 vol.% using a flu-
idized bed gasifier along with suitable catalyst. Such high conversion efficiency makes biomass gasification an attractive hydrogen produc-tion alternative.
The cost of hydrogen production by biomass gasification is competitive with natural gas reforming
Based on both economical and environmental consideration hydrogen production from biomass gasification should be a promising option.
THANK YOU!
감사합니다 !
ধন্যবাদ!