Better prediction and better production - from every angle

Working together for a safer world

Better prediction and better production - from every angle CFD modelling for true well and field value

Michael Byrne How technology and innovation drive optimisation AND safety.

Lloyd’s Register Energy

Contents

• Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics • What do Other Industries do with Complex Fluid Flow? • How can CFD help us? • What is Wellscope? • Evolution and Revolution • Some Examples • What is the dream?


Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics

• CFD (in a simple terms) is a computational method to model and simulate fluid flow in a bounded domain

• CFD is based on basic physics • Continuity, Momentum, Energy equations

• CFD is a proven technology, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries, and increasingly used in the oil and gas sector, e.g. perforations, e.g. fractures, formation damage, completion design, …


The Maths & Physics Behind CFD

A Fluid Element

Mass Flow In and Out

Shear Stress Components


What do other industries do?

with complex fluid flow challenges?


I have a paper plane

• Will it fly and how far?

• How will it turn?

• Will the wings flex?

• How can I find out?

• I could throw a lot of planes........

• Or, I could build a model and use CFD (computational fluid dynamics)


Build the geometry


Run CFD


Put it in context!


Other Industries

Capture the geometry and the physical properties of flowing fluid and all restrictions

No skin!


How can CFD help us?

• Simulation of fluid flow in restrictive geometries

• Reservoirs • Wells • Completions • Formation Damage • Flow control • And on up to surface………


Surface Flow Modeling

• Production and injection facilities • Pipelines • Subsea


In the well: Choke - Particle Trajectory


R010 LSW1 1 ft pay, 5 m Drainage Radius

• Near Wellbore Surface Mesh


R010 LSW1 1 ft pay, 5 m Drainage Radius

• 3D View of Velocity Profile into the base pipe

The RED colour is the Screen


Single Nozzle ICD Geometry

Packer Blank Pipes

Single Nozzle ICD 3mm diameter


What is Wellscope?

• Patented modeling process • Enables simulation of flow through reservoir, near wellbore and well in a

• Fully connected • 3 dimensional • Finite volumes • Multiphase • HPC environment

“Virtual Test Track”

• Smart design for smart wells


Evolution and Revolution

• Conventional near wellbore modeling is 1D or at best 2D relying on nodal analysis and often on “skin factors”

• Already CFD moves us to a 3D environment – evolution

• In future we will not use skin factors – revolution


Example 1 – SPE168149

• Addition of 300M of perforations to an existing well • Will value be realized • Will original well contribution be lost • Multi-phase highly complex completion • Not possible to model with conventional methods • Wellscope solved using CFD and HPC


C&P Completion

332 m of 12 SPF C&P + 930 m of OH 103 x Stand Alone Screen (SAS) and 103 x Inflow Control Device (ICD)


Modelling Inflow Control Device (ICD)

Sand Screen 10 ICD Ports

ICD Housing

Basepipe

Pressure drop for 5 bpd of Water

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Pres

sure

Dro

p Ac

cros

s ICD

(ps

i)

Water Volume Flow Rate (bpd)

Pressure Drop Across FloReg ICD

1 Port Open Waetherford

1 Port Open CFD

Pressure Drop 1 Port Open

10 ICD Ports

Measured Data


Water & Oil Flow: Results

RED: 100% Oil BLUE: 100% Water

Water flows from the water reservoir to the base pipe and to the left towards the heel Oil flows from the oil reservoir to the base pipe and starts to mix with water and together they flow to the left toward the heel

Oil, due to higher velocity caused by the ICD, can be seen ‘penetrating’ the water and start to mix with the water. The contour colour is between blue and read, indicating a mixed between oil and water


What is the dream?

• Smarter wells • 21st Century Well Modelling • Connecting to the reservoir

• Danish OPTION research project • LR, Welltec, Dong Energy, DTU, UC

• Connecting to the surface • A single fully coupled reservoir, well and surface model • Integration of geomechanics • Simulation of completions (perforations and fractures) • The sand model – failure, production, transport, erosion, accumulation


Junction in Multilateral Well


Closing Sand 5 at the wellbore






Water flood modeling using CFD


Waterflooding – sweep efficiency

• Simple model, single permeability

Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates. Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Consulting. 2013. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.

Working together for a safer world

Michael Byrne Global Technical Head, Formation Damage

Aberdeen

07912388134

[email protected]

Lloyd’s Register Consulting

www.lr.org/consulting

Engineering

Better prediction and better production - from every angle