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Battery World History of Batteries

History of Batteries

Prehistoric BatteriesThe Egyptians might have electroplated antimony on copper over 4300 years ago.

The Babylonians discovered and employed a galvanic techniques to make jewelry.

The Parthians might have utilized batteries to electroplate silver (ca. 250 BC)

Alessandro Volta,

Buchmann, Isidor. Batteries in a Portable World: A

Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers

(Kindle Location 235). Cadex Electronics Inc..

Kindle Edition.


The Birth of Modern Batteries

Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) invented “electric pistol”, which is the first practical use of static electricity

He also discovered the decomposition of water, which laid the foundation of electrochemistry.

In 1800, Volta invented the first electric battery

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.



Grooves in the box held the metal plates in position, and the sealed box was then filled with an electrolyte of brine,

or a watered-down acid.

Buchmann, Isidor. Batteries in a Portable World: A Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers

(Kindle Locations 281-282). Cadex Electronics Inc.. Kindle Edition.

In 1802, William Cruickshank desgined the flooded battery based on the Volta’s electric batteryGrooves in the box held the metal plates in position, and the sealed box was then filled with an electrolyte of brine, or a watered-down acid.

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.







In 1836, John F. Daniell, an English chemist, developed an improved battery that produced a steadier current than earlier devices. Until this time, all batteries were primary, meaning they could not be recharged.

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.







In 1859, the French physician Gaston Planté invented the first rechargeable battery. It was based on lead acid, a system that is still used today.

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.



In 1899, Waldmar Jungner from Sweden invented the nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd), which used nickel for the

positive electrode (cathode) and cadmium for the negative (anode).



In 1899, Waldmar Jungner from Sweden invented the nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd), which used nickel for the positive electrode (cathode) and cadmium for the negative (anode).

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.



Disassembled Ni-Mh AA cell. 1: positive terminal 2: outer metal casing (also negative terminal) 3: positive electrode

4: negative electrode with current collector (metal grid, connected to metal casing) 5: separator (between

electrodes)

Work on NiMH batteries began at the Battelle-Geneva Research Center following the technology's invention in 1967.

Interest grew in the 1970s with the commercialisation of the nickel–hydrogen battery for satellite applications.

The first consumer grade NiMH cells became commercially available in 1989.

1: positive terminal 2: outer metal casing (also negative terminal) 3: positive electrode4: negative electrode with current collector (metal grid, connected to metal casing) 5: separator (between electrodes)Disassembled Ni-Mh AA cell.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93hydrogen_battery

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.



Disassembled Ni-Mh AA cell. 1: positive terminal 2: outer metal casing (also negative terminal) 3: positive electrode


electrodes)

In 1980, John B. Goodenough, invented lithium-ion’s nervous system. Other scienteists such as Yoshio Nishi, Rachid Yazami, Akira Yoshino together gave the birth of Lithium-ion batteries.

In 1991, Sony commercialized Lithium-ion batteries.

Alessandro Volta,




Kindle Edition.

History of Batteries Disassembled Ni-Mh AA cell. 1: positive terminal 2: outer metal casing (also negative terminal) 3: positive electrode


electrodes)The development of Modern Batteries

Year Inventor Activity1600 William Gilbet (UK) Establishment of electrochemistry study1791 Luigi Galvani (Italy) Discovery of “animal electricity”1800 Alessandro Volta (Italy) Invention of the voltaic cell1802 William Cruickshank (UK) First electric battery capable of mass

production1820 Andre-Marie-Ampere (France) Electricity through magnetism1833 Michael Faraday (UK) Announcement of Faraday’s law1836 John F. Daniell (UK) Invention of the Daniell cell1939 William Robert Grove (UK) Invention of the fuel cell1859 Gaston Plante (France) Invention of the lead acid battery1868 Geoges Leclanche (France) Invention of the carbon-zinc battery1899 Waldmar Jungner (Sweden) Invention of the nickel-cadmium battery1901 Thomas A. Edison (USA) Invention of the nickel-iron battery1932 Shlecht & Ackermann Invention of the sintered pole plate 1947 Georg Neumann (Germany) Successfully sealing nickel-cadmium

battery1949 Lew Urry, Eveready Battery Invention of the alkaline-manganese

battery1970s Group effort Development of valve-regulated lead-acid

battery1990 Group effort Commercialization of nickel-metal-hybrid

battery1991 Sony (Japan) Commercialization of lithium-ion battery1994 Bellcore (USA) Commercialization of lithium-ion polymer 1996 Moli Energy (Canada) Introduction of Li-ion with manganese

cathode1996 University of Texas (USA) Identification of Li-phosphate (LiFePO4)2002 University of Montreal,

Quebec Hydro, MIT, others Improvement of Li-phosphate, nanotechnology, commercialization

Engineering

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