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Topics

• assembly language.• Characteristics• Different Programming Languages.• Assemblers.• Most commonly Used Assemblers.• MASM and its installation.• Syntax and simple program in MASM

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ASSEMBLERAssembler tutorial and its installation

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What is Assembly language?• It is a low-level symbolic code converted by an

assembler

Characteristics of assembly language• Assembly language is a symbolic representation of

a processor's native code.• Using machine code allows the programmer to

control precisely what the processor wants to do.

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• The resulting program is normally very fast and very compact.

• Assembly language is used to write the program using alphanumeric symbols (or mnemonic), e.g. ADD, MOV, PUSH etc.

• Mnemonics: Mnemonics are predefined assembly-language names for machine instructions, pseudo-ops, directives, and data allocation statements. Mnemonics are not case-sensitive.

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Different programming languages?

• 1> Basic: It is the widely used , easy to learn general purpose language.

• 2> Cobol: A standardized language used for commercial application.

• 3> Fortran: Developed for solving mathematical and scientific problems.

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• 4> C: It is used for all purposes like,,,scientific application, commercial application,developing games etc

• 5> C++: It’s a general purpose computer programming language which is used to make different programs and application

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Assemblerwhat is assembler ?• A program for converting instructions

written in low-level symbolic code into machine code.

Flow of program development

Program.asm Object file.obj Executable file .exe

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• MASM (Macro Assembler)• The Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) is

an 32BIT assembler that uses the Intel syntax for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows.

• Beginning with MASM 8.0 there are two versions of the assembler -

• One for 16-bit and 32-bit assembly sources, • And another (ML64) for 64-bit sources only

Most commonly used assembler

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• How to run MASM 8086 Software on your System

Explain • First Download Three files to proceed with the

further steps• Program - DOSBox 0.74 Installer • Program - 8086 Assembler• Program - Notepad ++

MASM Installation

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• Now after the downloading part• next open the second file (8086 Assembler) • which is a compressed file so you have to extract the files in it to the C Drive

on your system. (Windows Driver)

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• For that just select the 8086 folder > right click and click Extract file .

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• Then select C Drive >

• Finally Click on Ok!

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• Extracting start

• Now GOTO the c drive (windows drive) and you can see the folder name (MASM)

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• Click on the folder name MASM and open the folder to conform all the files are extracted

• Now next we are going to install DOSBOX

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• Now here we have a file

• Click(double click) on the file DOSBOX

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• Click yes for administrator permission.• Click on heck box and click next

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• Select the drive where you want to install by click on browse select the drive and click install

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• (c: by default)• Installation start• Click on close Button and installation is done and

and read work

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• Now its done!

• Now we going to install NOTEPAD++

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• Click(double click) on the notepad++ file • Click yes if you got the administrator message

• click oK

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• Click next

• Click I agree

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• Again next

• Select the first and 3rd option and click install

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• Click finished and its done

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• What is the syntax ?• The structure of statements in a computer language

Basic assembly syntax• Each MASM standard source line contains a

combination of the 4 fields:

Syntax And Simple Program In MASM

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• Notes:1. backslash (\) uses as the line continuation

character: if a line ends with backslash, the next line is considered to be a part of the backslash-ended line

2. No restrictions on white space within a line3. A colon after a label is optional

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• Examples:• 1. mov ax, 2 ; moves constant 2 to the register ax

Running Simple hello world program in assembly• 1.First open notepad ++• 2. Write the code on notepad++ and save the

program in .asm extension

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• 3. Now copy the .asm source file in to the folder of MASM which in c: drive

• 4. Then open the DOSBOX and write the command ( mount c c:\masm8086\ ) then press enter then we

see drive is mounted

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5. now type the next command c: press enter it will change the drive to c:\> from drive

z:\>

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6. Then type dir to see the contents in directory

7 .now type masm program.asm• press enter • after that obj will be created

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• Like this

8. now type link (program) AND press enter

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• After that program.exe will be created in the folder of MSAM

10. now run the last command is program.exeand your program will be executed

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Questions Please…

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Thank you !