Resistance Color CodesMost resistors are too small to print legible resistance values & tolerances on.A color coding system was developed to simplify resistor identification.This code is usually only used for carbon & film resistors.Other resistors will have a printed/ stamped value.

Color Code Chart

Calculating ResistanceCalculate the resistance and tolerance for the given resistor

3.2KΩ +/- 10% Orange Red Red

Silver

Calculating ResistanceCalculate the resistance and tolerance for the given resistor

12KΩ +/- 10%

Brown Red Orange Silver

Calculating ResistanceCalculate the resistance and tolerance for the given resistor

53MΩ +/- 10%

Green Orange Blue Silver

Calculating ResistanceCalculate the resistance and tolerance for the given resistor

3.2KΩ +/- 5%

Orange Red Red Gold

What is an LED? Light-emitting diode Semiconductor Has polarity

LED: How It Works When current

flows across a diode

Negative electrons move one way and positive holes move the other way

LED: How It Works The wholes exist

at a lower energy level than the free electrons

Therefore when a free electrons falls it losses energy

LED: How It Works This energy is

emitted in a form of a photon, which causes light

The color of the light is determined by the fall of the electron and hence energy level of the photon

Inside a Light Emitting Diode1. Transparent

Plastic Case2. Terminal Pins3. Diode

                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                     

Kinds of LEDs

SENSORS

• Transducer– a device that converts a primary form of energy into a

corresponding signal with a different energy form• Primary Energy Forms: mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, optical,

chemical, etc.– take form of a sensor or an actuator

• Sensor (e.g., thermometer)– a device that detects/measures a signal or stimulus– acquires information from the “real world”

• Actuator (e.g., heater)– a device that generates a signal or stimulus

Thank you !!!

Brief discussion about Soldering !!!!

1. What is soldering?

Q&A

2. What is Desoldering?

Soldering Tools

Q&A 1. What is soldering Iron ?

It is hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat to melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two work pieces.

Soldering Iron Types1.Simple Iron

2. Cordless IronSoldering Iron Types

3. Temperature controlled soldering iron

Soldering Iron Types

4. Soldering StationSoldering Iron Types

5. Soldering tweezersSoldering Iron Types

6. Hot Knife

Soldering Iron Types

Solder

• Solder is an alloy of tin and lead.

• Also called 60/40 solder

A Good Solder Must Be…•Smooth•Bright•Shiny•Clean

•Concave fillet

Bad Solder ConnectionsCold Solder Joint Not Soldered

Bad Solder ConnectionsSolder Bridge Lifted Trace/Pad

“YOU ARE THE KEY TO YOUR SAFETY”

Be serious ; When the question is about safety

• Wear safety glasses when soldering.

Rules for Workplace Safety

• Place soldering iron in an approved holder when not in use.

• Place the soldering iron so that the cord does not get caught up in your arms or on others.

• Ensure access to proper ventilation.

• Secure the components to be soldered before beginning the soldering process.

• Provide plenty of space to work.

• Use a properly-sized point for the soldering job to be completed.

• Verify that the tip on the soldering iron has a sharp point and has not been damaged in any way.

• Check the power cord for burned or melted sections that show bare wires.

• Do not to touch molten solder - it is hot!

• Tie back long hair and remove or tuck loose clothing.

• Provide sufficient cooling time before removing parts.

• Do not flick solder off of the iron. Flicking can cause solder to spray and hit skin or eyes.

THANK YOU…..

ARDUINOINFINITY EXISTS

Microcontrollers are small computers integrated into a single chip

They contain1. Processing core2. Flash Memory for program3. I/O peripherals4. RAM5. Peripherals such as clocks,timers, etc

Microprocessors are used for general purpose applications,while microcontrollers are self sufficient and are used for specific tasks.

Microcontrollers are an example of embedded systems.

What is Microcontroller??

Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform.

It is a small microcontroller board with a USB plug.

Based on a simple i/o board and a development environment that implements the Processing/writing language.

Arduino can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer.

Easy-to-use hardware and software.

What is ARDUINO??

It’s intended for students,artists,designers,hobbyists and anyone who tinker with technology.

It is programmed in Arduino Programming language(APL) similar to C/C++.

Way more easy to program compared to other microcontroller packages.

The Arduino is a microcontroller development platform(not a microcontroller….) It is the winner of “worlds best interaction award 2012” sponsered by google

ARDUINO

There are many versions of Arduino board.versions differ by size,microcontroller,etc

Different flavours!!!

Printed circuit boards that sit atop an arduino Plug into the normally supplied pin-headers of arduino. These are expansions to the base Arduino. For example:Arduino Ethernet shield,Xbee Shield,Touch Shield etc

shields

Should be between 9V and 12V DC.

Must be rated for a minimum of 250mA current output.

Must have a 2.1mm power plug on the Arduino end.

The plug must be “centre positive”,that is,the middle pin of the plug has to be the + connection

External power

By the Numbers Year Units sold 2005 200 2006 10,000 2010 120,000 2011 600,000

2014 350,000,000 2015 7,500,000,000

Google trends data comparing Arduino with its biggest competitors

Statistics

THANK YOU…..

Arduino IDE

Arduino IDE ▪Open-source Arduino Software (IDE)

▪Easy to write code and upload it to the board.

▪Runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

▪Written in Java and based on Processing.

Installing Arduino IDE

▪Download the zip file from Arduino.cc website.

▪Unzip it.

▪Run the application with name Arduino.

Arduino IDE

Arduino IDE

Arduino IDE

Thank You

!!!!!

CODE “sketch”

CODE , USED FOR GIVING INSTRUCTION WRITTEN IN A PARTICULAR PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE – THE SOURCE CODE

AFTER SOURCE CODE HAS BEEN PROCESSED BY A COMPILER AND MADE READY TO RUN IN THE COMPUTER – THE OBJECT CODE

Collection of different alphabets, number, and symbols

About Library functions in Arduino:

Structure setup() loop()

Digital Input/Output delay() pinMode() digitalWrite() digitalRead()

Analog Input/Output analogWrite()- PWM analogRead()

Simple Project:LED Blinking

/* Blink Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly. This example code is in the public domain. */ // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards.// give it a name:int led = 13;

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. pinMode(led, OUTPUT); }

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:void loop() { digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW delay(1000); // wait for a second}

Will be Continue……………..