Fourth generation of wireless network

Submitted By:Gaurav TripathiECE 7th SemRoll No.75113012

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INTRODUCTION

• 4G(also known as beyond 3G), an abbreviation of fourth generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications.

• The international telecommunication regulatory and standardization bodies are working for commercial deployment of 4G networks roughly in the 2011-2015 time scale.

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Overview

• Wireless System Evolution• 4G Mobile Technology• Motivation for 4G Research Before 3G Has Not

Been Deployed?• Objectives• Approaches• What is needed to Build 4G Networks of

Future?• Applications

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WIRELESS SYSTEM EVOLUTION

• 1GIntroduced in the early

1980s and completed in early 1990s.

Analog signals with the speed up to 2.4kbps

Voice was main traffic

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• 2GLate 1980s and

finished in 2000sDigital signal with up

to 64kbpsVoice transmission

and SMS

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• 3GLate 1990s to late

2000sTransmission speed

from 125kbps to 2Mbps

Based on either circuit switching or packet switching

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• 4GStarting from late

2000sTransmission speed

from 100Mbps to 1Gbps

Only packet switched networks

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What is 4G ?

• The next generation of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.

• A completely new fully IP-based integrated system or systems and network of networks achieved after convergence of wired and wireless networks.

• Capable to provide 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps, respectively in outdoor and indoor environments

• End-to-end QoS and high security.• Any kind of services at any time as per user requirements,

anywhere with seamless interoperability• Always on, affordable cost, one billing and fully

personalized.

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Motivation for 4G Research Before 3G Has Not Been Deployed?

• Needs of future high-performance applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing

• Need global mobility and service portability • Difficulty in continuously increasing bandwidth and

high data rate to meet multimedia services requirements, together with the coexistence of different services needing different QoS.

• Need wider bandwidth • Need all digital packet network that utilizes IP in its

fullest form with converged voice and data capability.

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Objectives

• A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site)

• High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell

• A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R

• A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world

• Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks

• Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks

• Interoperability with existing wireless standards and

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Generation OverviewTechnology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G

First design 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000

Implementation

1982 1991 1999 2002 2010?

Service Analog voice

Digital voice, SMS

Packaged data

Broadband data up to 2 mb/s

IP-oriented unlimited multimedia data

Standards AMPS TDMA, CDMA, GSM

GPRS, EDGE

W-CDMA, HSOPA

WiMAX, HSOPA

Data bandwidth

1.9 kbps 14.4 kbps 384 kbps 2 mbps 200 mbps

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Comparisons of 4G with 3G Mobile TechnologiesMajor requirement driving architecture  

3G (Including 2.5G, Sub3G) 

4G 

  Predominantly voice driven; data was always add on  

Converged data and voice over IP 

Network Architecture   Wide area cell-based   Hybrid: Integration of wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area 

Speeds  384 Kbps to 2 Mbps   20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode  

Frequency Band   Dependent on country or 

continent (1800‐2400 MHz)  

Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)  

Bandwidth   5-20 MHz   100 MHz (or more)  

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Major requirement driving architecture  

3G (Including 2.5G,  Sub3G) 

4G 

Switching Design Basis   Circuit and Packet   All digital with packetized voice  

Access Technologies   W-CDMA OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA)  

Component Design   Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters  

Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios  

IP    A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0   

All IP (IPv6)  

Standard  WCDMA, CDMA2000 Single Standard

Multiplexing CDMA CDMA

Core Network Packet Network Internet

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Principal Technologies

• Base band techniques– OFDMA: To exploit the frequency selective

channel property– MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency

• Adaptive radio interface• Modulation, spatial processing including multi-

antenna and multi-user MIMO

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Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)

• Transmission technique based on FDM 

• In FDM– Multiple signals are sent 

out at the same time, but on different frequencies

• In OFDMA– A single transmitter 

transmits on many different orthogonal (independent) frequencies (typically dozens to thousands)

– Frequencies closely spaced – Each only has room for 

Narrowband signal

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Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)

Advantage of OFDM• High spectrum efficiency• Resistance against multipath

interference • Ease of filtering out noise • Combining OFDM technique

with other techniques (possible to achieve more advantages e.g. MC-CDMA)

Disadvantage of OFDM• Suffers from time-variations in

the channel : severely degrades performance

• Circuitry must be very linear

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Components – IPV6

• In the context of 4G, IPv6 support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled devices.

• By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes the need for Network Address Translation (NAT).

• IPv6 also enables a number of applications with better multicast, security, and route optimization capabilities.

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Components - Advanced Antenna Systems

• Transmitting & receiving antennas • Resolve problem of diminishing spectrum availability • Doesn’t require increase power or additional

frequency • Fix no. of beams that can be selected to follow

devices as it moves about • Advantages:– Increased capacity – Increased range – Less power use for transmission – Reductions in handoff rate– New services– Increase security

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What is needed to Build 4G Networks of Future?

• Lower Price Points Only Slightly Higher than Alternatives

• More Coordination Among Spectrum Regulators Around the World

• More Academic Research• Standardization of wireless networks• A Voice-independent Business Justification Thinking• Integration Across Different Network Topologies• Non-disruptive or proper Implementation

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Applications

• E-commerce• Business/Work• Private Life• Vehicular• Public Place• Entertainment• Education

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