DrillingDrilling TechnologyTechnologyRecent Development

Presented by:Presented by:Anung H. Prabawa (Mesin UI 93)Anung H. Prabawa (Mesin UI 93)Faried Rudiono (Mesin ITB 76)Faried Rudiono (Mesin ITB 76)

1818--SeptemberSeptember--20062006FTUI DepokFTUI Depok

OutlineOutline• Continuous Circulating System

• Managed Pressure Drilling

• Dual Gradient System

• Casing While Drilling

• Solid Expandable Tubular

• High Angle/Extended Reach Drilling

• Integrated Hole Quality

• 3D Rotary Steering System

• Torque and Drag management

• Flex Rig Technology

Continuous CirculationContinuous Circulation SystemSystem

Source: Varco

Definition:Definition:A system that enables continuous circulation of mud throughout tA system that enables continuous circulation of mud throughout the he drilling process drilling process –– including making & breaking drill pipe connections.including making & breaking drill pipe connections.

Benefits• Continuous ECD control• Eliminates circulation time before and after making connections• Continuous drill cuttings transport• Eliminates re-drilling of settled cuttings & debris after making connections

BHP (psi) = 0.052 x MW (ppg) x TVD (ft) + Annular Friction Pressure

Mud hydrostatic pressure

ECD = EMW (ppg) + Annular Friction PressureECD = EMW (ppg) + Annular Friction Pressure(Equivalent ppg)(Equivalent ppg)

Continuous Circulation SystemContinuous Circulation System

Source: Varco

Saver Subon Top Drive

Box End ofLast Stand

9” Bore BOP Pipe Rams

From Standpipe

Create Pressure Chamber Around ConnectionCreate Pressure Chamber Around Connection Fill and Equalize Chamber with MudFill and Equalize Chamber with Mud

TorqueCylinders

Break Drill Pipe ConnectionBreak Drill Pipe Connection

1 2

3 4

SnubberCylinders

Force from Mud Pressure

Break Drill Pipe ConnectionBreak Drill Pipe Connection

Source: Tesco

Continuous Circulation SystemContinuous Circulation SystemIsolate Pin for RemovalIsolate Pin for Removal

Open Upper Slips & Ram to Remove Pin ConnectionOpen Upper Slips & Ram to Remove Pin Connection

Drain Stand & Upper CavityDrain Stand & Upper Cavity

Drain to Mud System

7

65

Managed Pressure DrillingManaged Pressure Drilling TechnologyTechnology

Source: Signa

•IADC Definition:

MPD is and adaptive drilling process used to precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore.

•Key Driver:

More than 50% prospect are currently undrillable using conventional drilling methods.

Conventional Drilling MPD

By re-directing flow through a choke and controlling it’s opening a backpressure is imposed down the hole

MPD MPD –– Managing Wellbore Pressure & Hydraulic ModelingManaging Wellbore Pressure & Hydraulic Modeling

Wellbore Pressure = Choke Pressure + Hydrostatic Pressure

+ Frictional Pressure Loss

Hydrostatic Pressure is created by fluid column gravity and is a function of fluid mixture density and TVD.

Friction Pressure Loss is caused by friction between fluid(s) and well / pipe wall, and is affected by many parameters.

Choke Pressure is managed by adjusting choke.

How to Manage Wellbore Pressure?

Why Hydraulic Modeling?1). Select proper circulation fluid(s)

2). Design optimal circulation rate(s).

3). Provide sufficient hole cleaning.

4). Maintain desired wellbore pressure.

5). Handle formation influx/lost circulation

MPD MPD –– Technique SelectionTechnique Selection

Source: Signa

Flow Chart

MPD MPD –– Basic Flow PathsBasic Flow Paths

Source: Signa

Conventional Drilling

Managed Pressure Drilling

MPD MPD –– Mud Cap OperationsMud Cap Operations

Source: Signa

Continuous DP injection while drilling

Placing a “Mud Cap” in the casing-drill pipe annulus

Drilling blind – No returns at surface –Annulus is closed

Dual Gradient DrillingDual Gradient Drilling TechnologyTechnology

Source: Subsea Mudlift Drilling

BHP = 0.052 x (RKB)’ x MW BHHP = 0.052 x ((RKB-WD)’ x MW + WD’ x 8.6ppg)

Subsea Rotating

Device Seabed Pump

Mud Return Line

““DGDDGD”” Drilling refers to drilling where mud returns Drilling refers to drilling where mud returns DO NOTDO NOT go through a go through a conventional, largeconventional, large--diameter, drilling riser. Instead the returns move from the diameter, drilling riser. Instead the returns move from the seafloor to the surface through one or more small seafloor to the surface through one or more small -- diameter pipe(s) separate from diameter pipe(s) separate from the drillpipe.the drillpipe.

MW#1 ppg

MW#2 ppg

Dual Gradient Drilling TechnologyDual Gradient Drilling Technology

Single Gradient WellsSingle Gradient Wells•• Wellbore contains a Wellbore contains a

single density fluidsingle density fluid•• Single pressure Single pressure

gradientgradientDual Gradient WellDual Gradient Well•• Wellbore feels seawater Wellbore feels seawater

gradient to the seafloor, gradient to the seafloor, and mud gradient to and mud gradient to bottombottom

Pressure, psi

Depth

ft

Seafloor @ 10,000’Seawater HSP

Dual Gradient

Heavier Mud w/ Seawater Above

Mudline

Same Bottom Hole

Pressure

SingleMud

Weight

Conventional

Single vs. Dual-Gradient Mud Systems

From the perspective of the well, there is no mud above the mudline in a dual-gradient system!

Casing While DrillingCasing While Drilling TechnologyTechnology

The use of a casing as a direct drill string, instead of a conventional drill pipe

Casing While Drilling Casing While Drilling –– BHABHA

Source: SPE/IADC

Casing While Drilling Casing While Drilling –– Logging TechniqueLogging Technique

Source: SPE/IADC

Casing While Drilling Casing While Drilling –– Drive SystemDrive System

Source: Tesco

Animation

Casing While Drilling Casing While Drilling –– UnderbalancedUnderbalanced

13 3/813 3/8””

9 5/89 5/8””

7 5/87 5/8””

55””

PrePre--19901990

ConventionalConventional

13 3/813 3/8””

9 5/89 5/8””

7 5/87 5/8””

55””

1990 1990 --19941994

Conventional Conventional w/ comminglingw/ commingling

3 3 ½”½”

13 3/813 3/8””

9 5/89 5/8””

7 5/87 5/8””

1994 1994 –– 20002000

TubinglessTubingless

5 5 ½”½”

3 3 ½”½”

13 3/813 3/8””

9 5/89 5/8””

7 5/87 5/8””

2000 2000 -- 20012001

Tubingless Tubingless w/ extreme depletionw/ extreme depletion

7 5/87 5/8””

55”” w/2 7/8w/2 7/8”” tbgtbg

1616””

11 11 ¾”¾”

9 5/89 5/8””

Conventional Conventional w/ depletionw/ depletion

1994 1994

3 3 ½”½”

10 3/410 3/4””

7 5/87 5/8””

5 1/25 1/2””

2002 2002 –– presentpresent

UB DWCUB DWC

Design EvolutionDesign Evolution

Source: SPE Gulf Coast 3rd Symposium

Casing While Drilling Casing While Drilling –– UnderbalancedUnderbalanced

13 13 33//88””

9 9 55//88””

7 7 55//88””

5 5 ½”½”

3 3 ½”½” X 2 X 2 77//88””

depleteddepleted

high pressurehigh pressure

Virgin pressureVirgin pressureBore hole stability Bore hole stability

55””

Virgin pressureVirgin pressure

2 2 77//88””

Source: SPE Gulf Coast 3rd Symposium

Conventional New Well vs. UBConventional New Well vs. UB--DWC ReDWC Re--entryentry

2020””

5 5 ½”½”

2 2 77//88””

depleted depleted

virgin (tight)virgin (tight)

depleted depleted

5 5 ½”½”

3 3 ½”½” x 2 x 2 77//88””

virgin virgin

fault zone fault zone 11 ¾”

13 13 33//88””

9 9 55//88””

7 7 55//88””

13 13 33//88””

9 9 55//88””

7755//88””

Conventional Tubingless vs. UBConventional Tubingless vs. UB--DWC DWC -- New WellNew Well

First application – 50% cost of new well. MW 17.0 ppg vs. 15.8 ppg.

Slim design. Eliminated 2 liners. MW 17.5 vs. 13.5 ppg.

Solid ExpandableSolid Expandable TechnologyTechnology

F orP * in 2

μ

σy

ID pret

OD pre

OD post

σy

ID post

Permanently expanding the pipe through the cold working Permanently expanding the pipe through the cold working process downhole.process downhole.

Source: EnventureAnimation

Solid Expandable Technology Solid Expandable Technology –– Open HoleOpen Hole

Source: EnventureAnimation

Solid Expandable Technology Solid Expandable Technology –– Open HoleOpen Hole

GOM Deep WaterGOM Deep Water Onshore South TexasOnshore South Texas

Source: Enventure

Solid Expandable Technology Solid Expandable Technology –– Cased HoleCased Hole

Source: EnventureAnimation 1 Animation 2

Solid Expandable Technology Solid Expandable Technology –– Cased HoleCased Hole

Source: Enventure

We are talking about wells in the 45We are talking about wells in the 45°° range and aboverange and above•• Includes extended reach & horizontal wellsIncludes extended reach & horizontal wells•• The drivers for this definition are: The drivers for this definition are:

Change in cuttings bed behavior Change in cuttings bed behavior Effects of Effects of wellborewellbore stabilitystability

High Angle DrillingHigh Angle Drilling

WhatWhat’’s different about high angle drilling?s different about high angle drilling?•• Hole cleaning practices Hole cleaning practices •• Cuttings bed behaviorCuttings bed behavior•• WellboreWellbore stabilitystability•• Torque and drag issuesTorque and drag issues•• Hole condition monitoringHole condition monitoring•• HydraulicsHydraulics•• ECD managementECD management

•• Drill string designDrill string design•• BHA designBHA design•• Negative weightNegative weight•• Casing floatationCasing floatation•• Completion issuesCompletion issues•• Logging issuesLogging issues

High Angle DrillingHigh Angle Drilling

4 - 6 miles

• Placement of a wellbore in a precise position to access reserves• Extended reach drilling can provide access to more reserves at

optimal development costs

Extended Reach DrillingExtended Reach DrillingExtended Reach Drilling

22

Worldwide HA & ERD Achievements

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,0000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

Horizontal Displacement (ft)

Verti

cal D

epth

(ft)

0

1,524

3,049

4,573

6,098

7,622

0 1,524 3,049 4,573 6,098 7,622 9,146 10,671 12,195

HD (m)

TVD

(m)

EM, WD-73

Shell, Auger

Statoil, Statfjord

Statoil, Sleipner

IOL, Canada

Total, Hidra

Phillips, China

Total, Argentina

BP, Gyda

Woodside, Australia

Ratio = 2

Ratio = 4

Ratio = 6EM, Sacate

BP, Wytch Farm

Maersk, Qatar

EM, Jade

EM, Hibernia

EAL, Moonfish

EM, Mobile Bay

BP, Amber

EM, Excalibur

EM, Jotun

EM, Nigeria

EPMI, Irong Barat

N Hydro, Oseberg

Technology ElementsTechnology Elements•• Hole cleaning/hydraulicsHole cleaning/hydraulics•• High angle drillingHigh angle drilling•• Torque and dragTorque and drag•• Stuck pipe avoidanceStuck pipe avoidance•• Wellbore stabilityWellbore stability•• Lost returns/fracture closure stressLost returns/fracture closure stress•• Drilling fluid considerationsDrilling fluid considerations•• High end applications/IHQHigh end applications/IHQ-- quantitative quantitative

risk assessmentrisk assessmentSuccessful application requires balancing all Successful application requires balancing all of these technologiesof these technologies Wellbore

stability

Lost returns/FCS

Hole cleaning

Torque & drag

Differential sticking

FluidsStuck pipe

Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)

•• IHQ is applied using Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA)IHQ is applied using Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA)•• QRA is a QRA is a ““probabilisticprobabilistic”” approach to optimize well design approach to optimize well design

Fracture Gradient

Prob

abili

tyPr

obab

ility

Rock Strength

Pore Pressure &Earth Stresses

Hole & Casing Depth & Size

Mud Weight, Flow Rate

Bottomhole Assembly

Controllable Parameters

Uncertain Parameters

Specify new well design

Use probabilistic input data and proprietary drilling design models. Optimize drilling parameters and

calculate probability of drilling success for each hole interval.

Calculate reliability of well design

Calculate most-likely well cost

Is most-likely costminimized ?

Yes

No

OptimumDesign

Process

Prob

abili

ty

Well Path

Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)

3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems

3D RotarySteerable System

ConventionalSteerable System

$$$$$$

•• 3 Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems offer optimum performance 3 Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems offer optimum performance through:through:

»» Proper wellpath placementProper wellpath placement

»» Automated surveying & drilling activitiesAutomated surveying & drilling activities

»» Reduced circulating & orienting timeReduced circulating & orienting time

»» Smoother wellbore & improved hole cleaningSmoother wellbore & improved hole cleaning

Rotary Steerable System holds the bit shaft at an offset to the axis of the tool. In this case via a counter rotating electric motor.

3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems

Control electronics& Inclination sensors

Rotating Drive Shaft

Non RotatingSteerable Stabilizer

Sleeve Hydraulic Control Valves

Steering Ribs

Software technology is utilized to Software technology is utilized to determine drill string loads and determine drill string loads and rig site rig site ““real timereal time”” hole condition hole condition monitoring parametersmonitoring parameters•• Rig site gathering and plotting Rig site gathering and plotting

actual torque and drag dataactual torque and drag data•• RealReal--time Rigtime Rig--Link data on Link data on

engineers desktop engineers desktop •• Plots are analyzed looking for Plots are analyzed looking for

changing or deteriorating hole changing or deteriorating hole conditionsconditions

•• Operational decisions based Operational decisions based on data analysison data analysis

SA-9 12.25" Hole Section Drag Monitoring Chart

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

160000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Hookload (Klbs - With Blocks)

Mea

sure

d D

epth

Model PU 0.1

Model PU 0.2

Model PU 0.3

Model PU 0.4

Model SO 0.1

Model SO 0.2

Model SO 0.3

Model SO 0.4

P/U wtS/Off wt

Drilling Pick/Up Weight

Rotating Weight

Better or worse?

Drilling Slack/Off Weight

Torque and Drag ManagementTorque and Drag ManagementTorque and Drag Management

26

Flex Rig TechnologyFlex Rig Technology

Source : H&P

• New Concept in Land Rig Design• Rigging up time significantly reduced• Advanced Skidding Capabilities• Improved Safety• Fully Automated Drilling Console