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Y8 lesson on human body structure including antagonistic muscles, function of the skeleton and types of joints. Includes resources from Education Using Powerpoint and Framework.
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Human Body Structure
Learning Objective:
• To understand the functions of the skeleton.
• To know the different types of joints.
• To describe how antagonistic muscles help us move.
How does the skeleton help us in everyday life?
Think of 3 ways
The skeleton does 3 jobs:
1) It gives the body SHAPE
2) It allows the body to MOVE
3) It PROTECTS the major organs
Label the parts of the skeleton that do each of these jobs.
Our Skeleton
• Protection: Bone is hard and rigid and protects delicate organs e.g. ribs around heart and lungs. Skull protects the brain
• Support: skeleton acts as a frame that is rigid and the soft organs are attacked or hang of this frame.
• Movement: Bones are solid and rigid; muscles are attached to them by tendons.
Joints
An “immovable” joint
A “slightly” movable joint”
“Hinge” joints
A “ball and socket” joint
9B Knees up!
9B Bend it!
Muscles can only contract (get shorter) or relax (when they can be pulled longer again).
9B Antagonistic muscles
What are your muscles doing when you bend your arm? Are they contracting or relaxing?
The biceps and triceps are an antagonistic pair of muscles. What does this mean?
Muscles can only pull, not push. So one muscle pulls the bone one way, and the paired muscle pulls it back again.
Which muscle contracts when you straighten your leg?
muscle group bending the arm straightening the arm
biceps
triceps
contracting
relaxing
relaxing
contracting
sit-ups
9B Hot and sweaty
Contracting is hard work for muscles. They get hot.Respiration releases energy so that they can work.
Look at these thermal images. The hot areas of the body are red. Which exercise belongs with which image?
arm wrestling
arm wrestling swimming cycling
swimmingcycling
press-ups
press-upssit-ups
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.Joints allow us to move.
9B Know your pelvis from your elbow
Name these joints.
Which are ball-and-socket joints?
Which are hinge joints?
a
b
cd
e
f
g
shoulder
elbow
hipwrist
finger
knee
ankle
shoulder
hip
elbow
finger
knee
What is meant by antagonistic muscles?
Muscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement:
Human Body Structure
Learning Objective:
• To understand the functions of the skeleton.
• To know the different types of joints.
• To describe how antagonistic muscles help us move.
