HONG KONG SECTION OF GUANGZHOU-SHENZHEN-HONG KONG

EXPRESS RAIL LINK (XRL)GROUP NO. : T02

Group Member: Chan Wai Cheong, Hale (52226493)

Ip Pak Wing, Micky (52223186)

Lam Wing Hei, Eric (52223021)

Wong Sze Yuen, Oscar (52218999)

Community College of City University DSS 20002 Social Policy and Administration

CONTENT Background

History and Benefits Railway scheme

Five elements of policy design Decision making models

Rational comprehensive model Models of policy process

Stages model Systems model Punctuated Equilibrium Model

Policy Implementation Top-down Approach

Civil engagement process

The Chief Executive

announced the adoption of the

Dedicated Corridor Option

2005

08/2007

04/2008 04-05/2009

11-12/2008

The Executive Council approved1.Central Alignment Scheme 2.Terminus in West Kowloon3.MTRCL proceeded further planning and design under the concession approach

The original scheme was gazetted

The amended scheme was

gazetted

10/2009

01/2010

The Executive Council approved the construction of the Hong Kong Section

of the XRL and the clearance of CYT

The Finance Committee of the

Legislative Council passed the funding

application

2011

BACKGROUND – BENEFITS OF THE XRL

Save the cost and shorten the transport time between Hong Kong and Guangzhou(100mins to 48mins)

Strategically improve connectivity and mobility of Hong Kong with various domestic, regional(Pearl River Delta One Hour Circle)and national railway networks

Mutually induce investments and foster economic ties between Hong Kong and major mainland cities which create new opportunities for the sustainable development of Hong Kong in long term

Provide 11,000 job opportunities during the construction period

Enhance road safety and flexibility Environmental friendly

BACKGROUND – RAILWAY SCHEME

Length: 26-km long underground rail line from Huanggang to West Kowloon

Cost: $53.7 billion(railway works) and $11.5 billion(non-railway works)

Construction period: 2010-2015 Daily ridership: 99,000 count Main facilities:

Emergency Rescue Station(ERS) and Stabling Sidings(SSS) in Choi Yuen Tsuen (CYT) at Shek Kong

Terminus at West Kowloon and permanent Public Transport Interchange(PTI) near Jordan Road

Alignment along Hoi Wang Road

BACKGROUND – RAILWAY SCHEMELand resumptions

361 lots of above land (226 hectares of government land and 50 hectares of private land), 413 lots of underground strataChoi Yuen Tsuen (17 hectares of private agricultural land)Hoi Wang Road (underground strata)

Compensations$2 billion for the total compensation and ex-gratia

allowances payable for land acquisition and clearance (including $86 million compensation to CYT residents)

FIVE ELEMENTS OF POLICY DESIGN(BIRKLAND)

1.The goals of the policy

Accelerate sustainable development and build closer economic ties with China

2.The causal model Problem: Risk of lagging behind to the national express railway of ChinaResponse: Connect the express railway of China with Hong Kong

3.The tools of the policy Hong Kong Section of the XRL

4.The targets of the policy

Direct: Businessmen and touristsIndirect: Local retail business

5.Implementation of the policy

Original and amended gazettes but with strong public oppositions

DECISION MAKING MODEL – RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE MODEL BY HERBERT SIMON

Step1

•Clearly define goals(values of Government)

•Identify all alternatives

Step 2

•Identify all the desirable and undesirable consequences

Step 3

•Rank all the alternatives according to the preference

Step 4

•Select the most valued option

DECISION MAKING MODEL – RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE MODEL

Applying to the decision making of the HK section of XRL ...

Step 1 : Goals and Alternatives Goals of the government :

Accelerate sustainable development and build closer economic ties with China

Alternatives: Terminus : West Kowloon or North New Territories Alignment : Dedicated Corridor Option or Share

Corridor Option

DECISION MAKING MODEL – RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE MODEL

Step 2: Pros and Cons of the AlternativesTerminus West Kowloon

Pros : Heart of business and tourist areas, together with the adjacent of various transportation networks

Cons : Higher cost and more land resumptionsAlignment Dedicated Corridor Option

Pros : Shorter travelling time and more direct route; no reconstruction work to the existing West Rain Line

Cons : Higher cost

DECISION MAKING MODEL – RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE MODEL

Step 3 : RankingAccording to numbers of the favorable

consequences:Terminus : 1.West Kowloon

2. North New TerritoriesAlignment : 1. Dedicated Corridor Option

2. Share Corridor Option

Step 4: Most valued optionDecision of adopting the Dedicated Corridor

Option ; a 26 km underground rail line with the terminus at West Kowloon

DECISION MAKING MODEL – RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE MODEL (CRITICISMS)

Bounded Rationality: Not all possible alternatives are identified Like those proposed by the objectors

Under economic and political constraints Interest groups and Beijing

The alternatives are ranked according to the government preference Ignoring the public’s view

The environment is always changingIncreased public awareness of conservationInflationMarginalization

DECISION MAKING MODEL – WHY DON’T WE USE INCREMENTALISM TO EXPLAIN THIS PROJECT?

Without trial and error analysis, there is no marginal changes to the main pieces of the railway scheme(firmly decided at the beginning of the project) Time is limited Waste public resource

Although bargaining with the affected residents, there were only intangible changes which would not impact the original goals Express rail line is a worldwide trend

Because the XRL development of HK is far lagging behind China, slow and marginal changes is intolerable Beijing and Economic pressure

MODELS OF POLICY PROCESS –STAGES MODEL

1.Issues emergence

2.Agenda setting

3.Alternatives selection

4.Enactment5.Implementation6.Evaluation

Feedback

MODELS OF POLICY PROCESS –SYSTEMS MODEL

Inputs

The Black Box

Outputs

Although much feedback was received, it did not change the big direction and goals of the whole scheme which were firmly decided at the beginning

MODELS OF POLICY PROCESS –PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

By Baumgartner Jones Normal times(Equilibrium)

Dominated by stable groups of players(bureaucrats, legislators of committees)and easier to achieve consensus

Equilibrium suddenly breaks(Punctuated)Change attentions of media and publicNew interest groupsReform in constitutions and laws

MODELS OF POLICY PROCESS –PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

In the issue of compensations of CYT residents

The equilibrium breaks becauseMedia and public change their attention from the

whole project to the issue of CYTNumbers of concern groups of CYT raise

The original and objectors’ compensation plans are abandoned

New compensation plans are issued Land compensation rate: Rank C to Rank AEx-gratia allowance: $0.13 million to $0.6 million

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION – TOP-DOWN APPROACH

Top-down: The goals and strategies of an organization are subsequently structured by the implementers of policy

In this case, the goals and strategies of HK section of XRL adopted by the top(Executive Council) are passed to the related departments (Transport and Housing Bureau, Highways Department, Lands Department and MTRCL) to implement the railway scheme.

CIVIL ENGAGEMENT – DEFINITION

An organized process where a government has taken the initiative to involve citizens in all stages of policy development, from identification of problems, to clarification of values and interests, development of policy alternatives and prioritization of proposals.

Time Civil Engagement Events

After 04/ 2008

Extensive public consultation with the concerned District Councils(Yuen Long, Tsuen Wan etc.), Rural Committees(Pat Heung, Kam Tin, San Tin) and local communities

06 & 08/2008 Brief introduction of the construction to the Yau Tsim Mong District Council

11-12/2008The original scheme was gazetted and the two-month consultation period for collecting public opinions. 119 objections were received

CIVIL ENGAGEMENT – PROCESS(OVERALL)

CIVIL ENGAGEMENT – PROCESS(OVERALL)

Time Civil Engagement Events

01/2009 2 Public Forums were held in West Kowloon

11/2009 An Information Centre was set up in West Kowloon for the house owners to provide opinions

02/201010 Community Liaison Groups were set up by MTRCL in 10 relevant districts which met every quarter

CIVIL ENGAGEMENT – PROCESS (CYT – DEC 08 TO JUN 09 )

Time Civil Engagement Events

12/2008 Land Department held a Residents Conference

02-05/2009

Representatives of Transport and Housing Bureau, Highways Department, Lands Department and MTRCL met over 10 times with the CYT residents in forms of individuals and groups

06/2009

6 Issues of Residents Newsletters were distributed to the CYT residents; 6 Public Forums were held; Over 10 times Informal Meetings in forms of individuals and groups

CIVIL ENGAGEMENT – PROCESS (CYT)

Time Civil Engagement Events

01,04&10/2009

Secretary of the Transport and Housing Bureau visited CYT

07-08/2009 3 Public Forums were held by the departments

05-11/2009 The government held Meetings to consult the Legislative Council with attendance of the CYT residents

After 10/2009

2 Public Forums were held and an information centre in CYT was set up for the residents to query

09/2010 A public Hearing was held to listen different opinions

CIVIL ENGAGEMENT – PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION

Institutional arrangementMembership and RepresentationFunction, Powers, ResourcesAgenda Setting and Decision Making Power

ActorsConception Interest and Incentives

Engagement processLeadershipTrust and CommitmentTransparency and Feedback

REFERENCE LegCo papers on Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong

Kong Express Rail Link http://www.bauhinia.org/publications/BFRC-

CES-Report.pdf http://www.legco.gov.hk

Thanks for your kind attention!