WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN

INTERNET OF THINGS

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WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS• Sensor networks have emerged as a promising tool for

monitoring the physical world, that can sense, process and communicate.

• A sensor network is a network of many tiny disposable low power devices called nodes.

• A wireless sensor node (or simply sensor node) consists of sensing, computing, communication, actuation, and power components.

• A WSN usually consists of tens to thousands of such nodes that communicate through wireless channels for information sharing.

ARCHITECTURE OF WSN

• Sensor nodes With limited capabilities deployed in the sensor field communicate to a

powerful BS that links them to the Internet and a central manager for processing the

sensed data.

• Communications to the BS have to go through several sensor nodes first, because all

sensor nodes will not be typically able to communicate directly with the BS.

• This may be due to limited communication range, distance from the BS, intermittent

sensor activity, and so on.

ARCHITECTURE OF WSN

CHALLENGES IN WSN• Fault Performance

• Scalability

• Production Cost

• Operation Environment

• Quality of Service

• Data Aggregation

• Data Compression

• Data Latency

   

Fault performance:Some sensor nodes may fail due to lack of power, have physical

damage. The failure of sensor nodes should not affect the overall task of the sensor network. This is the fault tolerant issue. Fault tolerant is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures.  Scalability:

The number of sensor nodes deployed in the sensing area may be in the order of hundreds, thousands or more and routing schemes must be scalable enough to respond to events.

Production costs:Since the sensor networks consists of large number of sensor nodes, the cost of a single node is very important to justify the overall cost of the networks and hence the cost of each sensor node has to be kept low.

  Operation environment:We can set up sensor network in the interior of large machinery, at the bottom of an ocean, in a biologically or chemically contaminated field, in a battle field beyond the enemy lines, in a home or a large building, in a large warehouse, attached to animals, attached to fast moving vehicles, in forest area for habitat monitoring etc .

Quality of service: The quality of service means the quality service required by the application, it could be the length of the life time, the data reliable, energy efficiency,

   Data Aggregation:

Data aggregation is a combination of data from different sources by using functions such as min, max, and average.

Data Compression:Reducing the size of the data is called data compression.

   Data latency:

These are considered as the important factors that influence routing protocol design. Data aggregation and multi-hop relays cause data latency

CLASSIFICATION OF WSNSFrom network architecture point of view • Flat Architecture – each node plays the same role in

performing sensing task and all sensor nodes are peers

• Hierarchical Architecture – sensor nodes are organized clusters, where the cluster members send their data to the sink.

Example – Hierarchical Architecture

APPLICATIONS IN WSN

INTERNET OF THINGS• Before we begin with the IoT introduction, let's break

the term into Internet and Things and understand these two terms first.

• Internet is “a global network connecting millions of embedded hardware devices (computers, smartphones and tablets) providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols”.

• Things: Today, an average household has more devices at home connected to the internet than the number of people at the home.

• Each device on the internet is identifiable with a unique ID, the IP address.

•  “Things refers to any physical object with a device that has its own IP address and can connect to a network that also sends/receives data via network.”.

•   IOT:“A network of physical objects or ‘things’ that can interact with each other to share information .

INTERNET OF THINGS-LAYERS

IOT ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS

INTERNET OF THINGS• WSNs are expected to be integrated into the “Internet of

Things”, where sensor nodes join the Internet dynamically, and use it to collaborate and accomplish their tasks.

• However, when WSNs become a part of the Internet, we must carefully investigate and analyze the issues involved with this integration

IOT NETWORK

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK IN INTERNET OF

THINGS

• Wearable devices (for example, shoes, watch, glasses, belt, etc.) can be used to detect biometric information.

• Smart devices collect the information and communicates with the control center and/or medical server using the internet.

WSN IN IOT

• Connecting WSNs to the Internet is possible in the three main approaches.

• The first proposed approach consists of connecting both independent WSN and the Internet through a single gateway.

• FIRST APPROACH

• Showing an increasing integration degree, the second approach forms a hybrid network, still composed of independent networks, where few dual sensor nodes can access the Internet.

• The third approach is inspired from current WLAN structure and forms a dense 802.15.4 access point network, where multiple sensor nodes can join the Internet in one hop.

 

• It is obvious that the first approach presents a single point of failure due to the gateway uniqueness.

• Gateway would break down the connection between both WSN and the Internet. With several gateways and access points, the second and third scenarios do not present such weakness.

• To ensure network robustness, they would consequently be preferred, if the application supports this type of network structure.

FUTURE OF IOT

•Size considerations

The Internet of objects would encode 50 to 100 trillion objects, and be able to follow

the movement of those objects.

•Removing humanity

•Ability to aggregate and analyze disparate data

•We are currently at the Internet of Thing. Every manufacturer is creating a single

product. We have to go across manufacturers and start talking to one another.

•25 to 50 billion connected devices which will connect via a mesh network. 

•More and more devices are connected to each other via Pats' Connect all the things

that you want. Drive to your home, garage door opens without pressing a button.

THANK YOU