Tabassum Naveed

Introduction

Causes

Summarized Details

Costs of

WORLD WAR II

“Nature is cruel, so we may be cruel, too… I have the right to remove millions of an inferior race that breeds like vermin”

-Hitler

The Second World War was the largest and the most violent armed conflict happened between 1939 and 1945.

The War became reason for over 60 million Causalities.

World bore loss of $1.075 trillion (1945).

Axis Powers

Germany

Italy

Japan

Allied Powers

Great Britain

Soviet Union

United States

France Surrendered to Germany in

1940 after 6 weeks

Who was Where?

Adolf Hitler

Germany

Hideki Tojo

Japan

Benito Mussolini

Italy

The AXIS

The ALLIES Winston Churchill

Great Britain

Franklin D. RooseveltUNITED STATES

Josef Stalin

USSR

Factors Leading to WAR

• W WI and the Treaty of Versailles

• A ppeasement

• R ise of Totalitarianism

What is Fascism?

Political belief that says the individual is less important

than the nation.

Glorifies violence, believes it is needed to “prove”

strength of people.

Uses nationalism and racism.

Dictatorships.

Italy and then Germany became fascist.

Appeasement Dictionary says “To Satisfy Someone” Policy of appeasement: adopted by Britain and France where

they preferred diplomatic policy with the aim of avoiding war by making concessions to Germany e.g. allowed Germany to re-arm, allowed Germany to invade the Rhineland etc. Appeasement assumed Hitler would keep his side of the bargain.

Chamberlain and Hitler at Munich Agreement

Despite the assurances given by Hitler in the Treaty of Munich (Sept 1938) he occupied Czechoslovakia.

“Blitzkrieg”

The War tactic used by Germans.

In German “Blitzkrieg” means “lightning war”.

Blitzkrieg included surprise attacks, rapid advances into enemy territory, and massive air attacks that struck and shocked the enemy.

Germany achieved most of its victories in World War II through this tactic.

What was the Holocaust?

It was genocide of Jews. Genocide: Purposely trying to exterminate an entire

group of people (ethnic, religious, racial). Nazi planned to kill all Jews. Why? Hitler called it as “Final Solution” to Germany’s

problems 6 million Jews murdered in Europe. 5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals) Total of 11 million exterminated

Women in IndustriesThe Homefront

As more and more men were 'called up' to serve in the forces

Women were encourged to take over the jobs traditionally done by men.

This gave us a look of “Hunting and gathering society” in modern times, where men were out of their home to hunt the “Social Animals” to secure their families and women were gathering food for their children and parents in the absence of their Men.

This gave high wages, freedom & personal pride to the westren women.

“Rosie the Riveter”

The home front covers the activities of the civilians in a nation at war during the war there was 45% shortage of workers in shipbuilding Industry

18

1939

Sept - Germany invades Poland (official start of the war)

Sept - France capture

d by Germa

ny

Dec 7 – Japan bombs Pearl

Harbor; US enters the War

1941

May - Germans Surrende

r

1945

Major Events 1939-1945

1940

Aug. - Atomic

Bombing of

Hiroshima &

Nagasaki, Japan

Surrender

Causes Of WWII

Treaty of Versailles

World-wide Depression

Rise of Totalitarian Regimes

Isolationism of Major Powers

Ibtesam

20

1. Treaty of Versailles

a) The main points of TOV (BRAT)

b) Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war

c) Germany paid Reparations for the damage done during the war and it was $57 trillion (modern equivalent)

d) Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force.   She could have a navy of only six battleships, and an Army of just 100,000 men.

e) Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe . Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France.

Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow

Wilsonduring negotiations for the TOV

21

2. World-wide Depression

The Great Depression was a severe world wide depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, starting with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday), but quickly spread to almost every country in the world.This led to theMassive UnemploymentHigh Inflation

1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

Totalitarianism

USSR:Communist Dictatorship

Germany & Italy:Fascist

Dictatorship

Japan:Military

Dictatorship

3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes

Totalitarianism

23

a) A system in which the state and its leader have nearly TOTAL control.

b) Individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation.

c) No right to voted) No free speeche) Government controlled economy Often a

police state

Fascism: is a political philosophy in which total power is

given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied and nationalism and, often racism are emphasized

4. Isolationism of Major Powers

24

1. Great Depression (problems at home for USA)2. Kellogg-Briand pact - condemned war as a way to solving

conflicts3. This led to policy of “Appeasement”

a) Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else.

b) Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler . . .

Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’. They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war.As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin eastern part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon.Hitler wanted to avoid a two front war when he invaded PolandStalin wanted to buy time for the inevitable war against GermanySigning the pact cleared the way for Hitler to invade PolandSeptember 1st 1939 Hitler invades Poland and WWII begins …and the war begins

August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact

This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

Germany Invades Poland

The Non Aggression pact allowed Germany to march into Poland

without fear of an attack from Russia.

On 3rd September 1939, Germany

invaded Poland and started War with

Britain and France.

September 1939: Germany invaded Poland

German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

Germany Invades France 1940

Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe.

German army invaded France and captured Paris in just 6 weeks. It was a sudden and humiliating defeat that left Great Britain standing alone to face Hitler and his allies.

Aftab

Battle of Britain In September 1940 , Germany turned its sights on Great Britain and

bombed the city of London. The aim was to destroy Royal Air Force and control over British air

space. Bold daylight bombing raids over the city of London resulted in the

deaths of thousands of civilians. In the long run, the Royal Air Force maintained its strength over the

Germans, and resulting British victory.

was the code name for Germany's invasion of

the Soviet Union during World War II

Over four million soldiers of

the Axis Powers invaded the USSR

Fast move towards the Moscow in Summer.

Over 600,000 Russian soldiers were captured.

The red army sustained heavy losses but managed to

recover and eventually got the upper hand by March 1942

June 1941: Operation Barbarossa

German troops marching for Operation Barbarossa.

The US gave Great Britain war supplies Great Britain gave the US access to military bases in

Caribbean and Bermuda

US-Britain War Supplies

Japan at Pearl Harbor Dec, 1941, Surprise attack by the Japanese on American Navy at

Pearl Harbor.• Two hours = Destroyed 08 battleships, 10 smaller warships, and 230 aircrafts.• 2,400 American soldiers were killed.

US declared war against Japan.

33

Pearl Harbor attack devastated nation

FDR: “A date which will live in infamy”

December 8, 1941- FDR receives war declaration from Congress against Japan

Germany & Italy declared war on United States

FDR addresses Congress after Pearl Harbor attack

America in W-War 2

Midway was attacked for the first time on December 7, 1941.

Japanese force was successfully repulsed .

on June 4, 1942, a naval battle near Midway decided the defeat of Japan

It was the beginning of the end of

the Japanese Navy's control of the Pacific Ocean.

Battle of Midway Island

Battle of Stalingrad (Aug, 1942 – Feb, 1943)

The Soviet Union defeated Germany at the Battle of Stalingrad in Feb 1943

The Axis suffered from 500,000 to 850,000 casualties

This was the turning point of the WW2 in Eastern Europe for AxisSadia

June 6, 1944 - D-Day American and Allied troops land in Normandy, to liberate

France. By the July, 1944 Allied Forces conquered the Normandy and

Ohama Beach and pushed away Axis. This begins the liberation of Western Europe

August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima (at least 150,000 killed)

August 9, 1945: Atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki (at least 80,000 killed)

This forced Japan to Surrender

“The Alternative to Surrender is Prompt and Utter Destruction”

How did WWII end in Europe?

Allied invasion of France. Also called D-Day. Within a month 1 million Allied troops were stationed

in Europe. Germany is surrounded by the USSR to the east

Japan surrendered in 1945 after atomic attack Germany surrenders in 1945 after Hitler commits

suicide. Allies divide Germany up between them. Trials are held in Germany (and Japan) to trail the

people responsible for the war. Many are executed and jailed for war crimes.Japanese Foreign Minister 

signing the Instrument of SurrenderInstrument of SurrenderGeneral Alfred Jodlsigns the document of unconditional German surrender

Costs of The WAR

World suffered at least 60 million causalities U.S. lost over 300,000 soldiers Over 25 million Russians alone died 10 million deaths in death camps Almost 9 million Nazis died in WW2 Italy suffered from 0.5 million deaths

Financial Cost of World War II Approx. $1.075 trillion in 1945

1. End of Colonialism

Before the Second World War broke out, a large proportion of the world population was living under the sovereignty of a colonial power, for the most part European. European domination in Africa was particularly impressive.

Myths such as the invulnerability of colonial powers and white supremacy were seriously challenged by the outbreak of the Second World War.

Following the Second World War, the colonial system was subject to growing unrest and many countries quickly acquired their independence.

Clement Attlee, the Labor Prime Minister who replaced Winston Churchill in July 1945, soon realized that independence for India was inevitable.

Effects of WW2

Continue….

Besides that independence of Burma, Malaysia, Indochina, Italy’s African colonies, United Kingdom’s territories in Africa, North Africa by France, French black Africa, Belgium’s African colonies, Portugal’s African colonies, Spain’s African territories also got independence.

So in this way the whole colonialism started to go towards

de-colonialisation.

More in this way..

Nuclear Arms Race Started World became bi-polar New fears arise after the war– fight to contain the

Communism.

The Beginning of

COLD WAR!!

Questions

(Voltaire-1744)

Judge a man by his

rather than by his

Answers.