What were the long term causes of WWI? Militarism

Competition to build the strongest military

Nationalism Belief in the superiority of your

country

Imperialism Large nations taking over

smaller nations to gain raw materials and markets for manufactured products

Alliances One country helping another

country achieve an objective There were two major defensive

alliances in Europe

The Triple Entente/Allies: France, Britain and Russia

The Triple Alliance/The Central Powers: Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary

What were the Short Term Causes of World War I?Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Austria-Hungary and Serbia were arguing over Bosnia

In June 1914 Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian

throne visited the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo

A Serbian killed Ferdinand and his wifeoAustria Hungary declared war

on SerbiaoThe alliance system quickly

drew many other countries into the war

Why did the United States enter World War I?

Attempted to remain neutral in the beginning

Over time was forced to get involved

British Blockade Britain blockaded Germany to

keep them from receiving supplies

US felt their neutrality was threatened by the British

oCould not trade with Germany

U-Boat/Submarine Warfare Germans began sinking any

British or allied ship they found without warning

Jeopardized our trade with other nations

Sinking of the Lusitania

British ship that was hit by U-Boat

1,198 passengers died, and 128 of them were Americans

Americans were outraged at Germany

Zimmermann Telegram Telegram from Germany to

Mexico

Germany promised that if the US entered the war, they would help Mexico regain the territory they had lost to the US

Letter is believed to have been faked by the British

America declares war President Wilson declared war

against Germany and its allies Some Americans remained

against the waro IsolationistsoNot our problemo“Over there”

Selective Service Act Required men to register for the

draft

How was World War I fought?American Expeditionary Force

American forces in Europe The arrival of US troops was a

major turning point in the war Allies began winning the war

John J. Pershing Leader of the AEF

Trench warfare

Soldiers hid in ditches to avoid new

weapons of waroMustard GasoMachine GunsoTanks

oPlanes Soldiers would fight for days to

gain inches of territory

“No Man’s Land” The section of land between the

trenches Very dangerous

How did the war end?Armistice

On November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrendered to the allies

German soldiers mutinied 11th hour, 11th day, 11th month

Germany agreed to a cease-fire and signed the armistice, or truce

How could we stop another world war?

Big concern of all people after WWI ended

Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson’s plan for

peace The president believed in

“Peace without victory” oWinners would not punish the

losersPoints to Know

1. No secret treaties among nations

2. Freedom of the seas 3. Tariffs should be lowered or

abolished (free trade)4. Arms should be reduced 5. Colonial policies should

consider the interests of colonial peoples

14. Creation of the League of Nations (similar to today’s United Nations)

Nations could discuss their problems instead of going to war

The world loved Wilson’s plan but it was rejected by the US SenateoMany thought the League of

Nations threatened our sovereignty

oUS returned to isolationism after the war

Treaty of Versailles Peace treaty to end WWI Germany could not have an

army Germany had to pay

reparations, or war damages to the Allies

Germany had to sign the War Guilt ClauseoTook responsibility for

starting the war

How did World War I affect life in America?Committee on Public

Information/George Creel Created propaganda designed

to make people support the war

Food Administration Called on people to follow the

“gospel of the clean plate” Declared one day a week

“wheatless,” “sweetless,” “meatless,” “porkless”

Victory gardens were planted People were encouraged to

ration

War Industries Board Encouraged companies to use

mass production techniques to increase efficiency

Set production quotas and allocated raw materials

Espionage and Sedition Acts A person could be fined up to

$10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal about the government or war oEugene V. Debs sent to jail

for speaking out against the war

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Charles Schenck distributed 15,000 pamphlets arguing against the draft

Sued saying his First Amendment rights were violated

Supreme Court disagreedoYour rights can be restricted

during times of waroCannot encourage others to

avoid the draft

Palmer Raids After the war, Americans

became afraid of communism

Russia had just became communist after the Russian Revolution

Attorney General Mitchell Palmer rounded up anyone thought to be communist

oHundreds of foreign radicals were deported

oPalmer’s raids did not find evidence of a communist conspiracy

Washington Naval Conference Urged that no more warships be

built for ten years Powerful nations agreed to

disarm to prevent future war

Dawes Plan American investors loaned $2.5

billion to Germany With that money, Germany paid

back Britain and France for the war

Those countries then paid the United States

We had arranged to be repaid with our own moneyoAngered Britain and France