World History’s Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt

This book is an ongoing compilation complied by Mr.

Duke’s World History Classes.

Abydos

• Abydos is a city in Upper Egypt.

• Pharaohs were buried here.

• The Great Temple is buried under the modern buildings.

• When his father left he took over the land and it became more powerful and put more pyramids. For 255 years their family ruled the kingdom.

• We his father left he took over the land and it became more powerful and put more pyramids. For 255 years there family ruled the kingdom.

Amenhotep III • Amenhotep III ruled at a time when Egypt

was in no great danger.  Times were prosperous due to trading and when production and life along the Nile River had flourished.  Unlike other Pharaohs conquering other kingdoms was not an

issue.  •  He enlarged many cities and

constructed many temples.  He built the temple Malkata located on the western shores of Thebes and the southern part

of Medinet Habu.

IV changed his name to Akhenaton, meaning "the Servant of Aten" early in his reign. Whereas his father,

Amenhotep III, had sought to reduce the increasing power of the priesthood, Akhenaton practically

dismantled it.

Egyptians Amulets

•Egyptian amulets functioned in a number of ways. Symbols and deities generally conferred the power they represent.

•Small models that represent known objects, such as headrests or arms and legs, served to make sure those items were available to the individual or that a specific need could be addressed.

The Ankh

• The ankh is the key of the life they key of the Nile was the Egyptian hieroglyphic character that need eternal life

• It’s a trilateral sigh of the consonants Egyptian gods are often portrayed carrying it by its loops or one each hard arms crossed over their chest

Anubis • Anubis had many names some

of them are Anpu, Inpu, Ienpw, Imeut (Lord-of-the-Place-of-Embalming).

• Anubis is an incredibly ancient god, and was the original god of the dead before Osiris "took over" the position. After that point, Anubis was changed to be one of the many sons of Osiris and the psycho pomp (conductor of souls) of the underworld. His totem of the jackal is probably due to the fact that jackals would hunt at the edges of the desert, near the necropolis and cemeteries throughout Egypt.

Anubis • Anubis had many names some

of them are Anpu, Inpu, Ienpw, Imeut (Lord-of-the-Place-of-Embalming).

• Anubis is an incredibly ancient god, and was the original god of the dead before Osiris "took over" the position. After that point, Anubis was changed to be one of the many sons of Osiris and the psycho pomp (conductor of souls) of the underworld. His totem of the jackal is probably due to the fact that jackals would hunt at the edges of the desert, near the necropolis and cemeteries throughout Egypt.

Aten

• A god during the New Kingdom time period

• Worship of Aten was instituted by the Amenhotep pharos

• Aten is represented by the solar disc or sun

• Aten is the force that gives life to people

Things to know

• A fat bearded dwarf, ugly to the point of being comical.

• Bes is a very unusual god. He does not appear to be Egyptian at all, but where he does come from his largely unknown

Bastet • This Egyptian Art Reproduction Bastet with bronze finish is quite an exquisite piece for a classical

home

• Cats were sacred to Bastet, a sun goddess who represents the warm, life giving power of the sun.

• She was known as the goddess of joy and protector.

• In the New Kingdom, the male cat was regarded.

• This item is made of bonded stone and measures 12"H.

• Cats protected the temples from snakes.

• Killing a cat were very severe.

Bastet • This Egyptian Art Reproduction Bastet with bronze finish is quite an exquisite piece

for a classical home• Cats were sacred to Bastet, a sun goddess who represents the warm, life giving

power of the sun.• She was known as the goddess of joy and protector.• In the New Kingdom, the male cat was regarded.• This item is made of bonded stone and measures 12"H.• Cats protected the temples from snakes.

• Killing a cat were very severe.

Cleopatra

• Cleopatra was one of the queens of Egypt. • She was also known as the queen of the Nile river.• She was ruled, January 69 BC – 30 BC.• She had married Caesar whom then produced a pair of

twins and a son.• Then married mark Antony and had two more children

ending up in the end with four.

El Hiba

Near the modern village of el-Hiba is the site of ancient tuedjoi.

Fertile soil

• The people of ancient Egypt depended on the Nile river for food and survival

• When the Nile flooded it left a lot nutrients in the soil which helps the plants grow

• The people of Egypt called the fertile soil “black land”

Hathor

• She was known has the cow goddess of love.

• Menit necklace was ceremonial and was worn by Goddess Hathor.

• When Hathor was in power she had slaves to build her a temple.

• Hathor was also known as Lady of Beauty.

Hathor

• She was known has the cow goddess of love.

• Menit necklace was ceremonial and was worn by Goddess Hathor.

• When Hathor was in power she had slaves to build her a temple.

• Hathor was also known as Lady of Beauty.

Queen Hatshepsut • Hatshepsut was born in the 18th

Dynasty.  This Dynasty is also referred too as the New Kingdom.

• Her father was Tuthmosis I and ruled Egypt for approximately 12 to 14 years.  Her mother was Ahmes.  Ahmes was the sister of Amenophris I (Pharaoh who ruled Egypt for 21 years).  In addition to Hatshepsut, Tuthmosis I and Ahmes had a son.  They named him Anenemes.

Heliopolis

• Was found on the coast of China.• It was where the religious text was usually done. • Not much of Heliopolis is around today. • Two monuments still stand.• Heliopolis is known of as the city of the sun in Greek.• It was the capital of the Egyptians gnome.

Hieroglyphics

• These word were called by the Egyptians THE WORDS OF GOD. these were mainly used by priest.

• Many of theses lettering were used for design on there temples and on the walls .

• can be read from left to right or from right to left it is written in rows.

• The message of ancient history was lost for 1500 yrs . It was not until 1790-1832 that they used these types of lettering.

Imhotep

Imhotep was a High Priest for

the pharaoh.

Imhotep can restore into his human self.

Imhotep was born in Ankhtowe,

A suburb of Memphis.

Isis

1. Isis is the goddess of magic and giver of life

2. She was the first daughter of Geb god of earth

3. She has many name such as “The one who is all” or “the lady of a thousand names”

Kufu

• Cheop was the king of the 4th pyramid of and was the builder of great pyramid of Giza.

• Cheop was his name before he was king kufu

Kufu’s Pyramid

Herodotus said that it would have taken 30 years and 100,000 slaves to have built it.

These stones were brought from Aswan and Tura and the water would have brought the stones right to the pyramid

Kufu’s Pyramid• The largest pyramid

ever built, King Khufu’s, is often called the Great pyramid. It lies in the desert west of Giza.

• The pyramid was built during Khufu's region(2551 bc-2528 bc).

• Researchers estimate that 2.3 million blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid, with an average weight of about 2.5 metric tons per block. The largest block weighs as much as 15 metric.

LOTUS

• Lotus is the symbol of Upper Egypt.

• The lotus was used as a sweet perfume for the girls.

Menes • Also known as Aha and Scorpion, Menes was the first pharaoh of the

1st Dynasty in Egypt. He ruled some time between 3100-2850 B.C during the Protodynastic era of Egypt's history. This time period was characterized by “firm political structure of the land which was unified by the pharaoh” (Ancient Egypt-Narmers Palette). Menes was credited with unifying Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom. He may have accomplished this with military force and/or by peaceful means such as marriages or administrative measures. Besides unifying Egypt, Menes also founded the city of Crocodopolis where he built the first temple to Ptah (Menes), and also the city of Memphis, which he made his capitol. The city of Memphis was situated 28 km south of modern day Cairo on an island on the Nile River. This location was most likely chosen because it would make it easier to protect the city from invading armies, and also because it would allow the pharaoh to control the river delta and trade routes to Sinai and Canaan.

mummification• Mummification has two

processes they embalming the body then they wrap it up.

• In ancient time people use to think the body of the diseased needed to be preserved so they could recognize it after death.

• This step was one of the most important part in Egyptian time. They thought the soul will return to the body for eternity .

Nebamun

• They didn’t have to hunt for fish or birds for the family.

• Hunting and fish was a sport noblemen in ancient Egypt.

Necropolis

• . The Greek word meaning; "city of the dead" normally describes large and important burial areas that were in use for long periods.

Queen Nefertiti

• Queen Nefertiti was the very first Female queen for Egypt.

• Queen Nefertiti is often referred to in history as "The Most Beautiful Woman in the World.

• King Akhenaten and Queen Tiy are her mother and farther.

• She was a strong, powerful leader. For just being a female.

Queen Nefertiti• Queen Nefertiti was the very

first Female queen for Egypt.• Queen Nefertiti is often referred

to in history as "The Most Beautiful Woman in the World.

• King Akhenaten and Queen Tiy are her mother and farther.

• She was a strong, powerful leader. For just being a female.

New Kingdom •The New Kingdom was from 1550-1070 B.C. •The Hyksos were a group of mixed Semitic-Asiatics who settled in northern Egypt during the 18th century BC. In about 1630 they seized power, and Hyksos kings ruled Egypt as the 15th dynasty (c. 1630-1521 BC).•Egypt stated a new area, at this time they had a great deal of trade with Western Asia.•At this same time they were fighting with Hittites and Assyrians to keep control of it.

Facts about the obelisk

• The Egyptians believe the obelisk constants a magical protection to the monuments

such as temples and tombs.

• Obelisks symbolized the stability and the

creative force of Atum.

The old kingdom

• The construction of the first Egyptian pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Giza, demonstrates the power of the Egyptian pharaohs of the Old Kingdom.

•Osiris was murdered by his brother Set. He chopped the body into small pieces, his sister Nepthys found the pieces and gave wax models to the priests to worship.

•Osiris parents are Nut and Geb, a sister and a wife names are both Isis, and another sister named Nephthys, and a younger brother Set.

Osiris

•Osiris was murdered by his brother Set. He chopped the body into small pieces, his sister Nepthys found the pieces and gave wax models to the priests to worship.

•Osiris taught the Egyptians how to form, what to eat, and what gave them laws and religion. He was also god of the underworld, and god of agriculture.

•Osiris parents are Nut and Geb, a sister and a wife names are both Isis, and another sister named Nephthys, and a younger brother Set.

Osiris

Ancient Egypt papyrus • Egyptian rulers realizing the importance of Papyrus, made its production a

state monopoly, and guarded the secret of Papyrus jealously. The ancient Egyptians appeared to have used papyrus in so many ways. We know they made paper from papyrus but they also used it to make sandals, wove it into mats, baskets and fencing, made rope and also used parts of the plant for food as well as a medicine. The reeds were bundled together to make boats and dried to make fuel for fires. There are undoubtedly other uses that the ancient Egyptians found for papyrus

Pharaohs

The Kings of Egypt were not called Pharaohs by the ancient Egyptians. The pharaoh was

the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people. King Tut was the youngest

ruling pharaoh coming to power at age 9.

Pharaohs

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the

political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.

Egyptian pyramids

• There are about 110 pyramids currently known in Egypt, many in a state of great disrepair and almost unrecognizable. Some were built as burial places for kings and others for queens. A pyramid also may have represented a stairway for the king to ascend to the heavens. Another possibility is that it was symbolic of the primeval mound on which the sun god/creator was born.

Egyptian pyramids

• There are about 110 pyramids currently known in Egypt, many in a state of great disrepair and almost unrecognizable. Some were built as burial places for kings and others for queens. A pyramid also may have represented a stairway for the king to ascend to the heavens. Another possibility is that it was symbolic of the primeval mound on which the sun god/creator was born.

Pyramid of Djoser

• When it was first completed and covered in smooth limestone, the Step Pyramid had a height of 62m and a base area of 140m by 118m.

• Passageways and wooden ladders lead 28m underground to the pharaoh's burial chamber, which was plundered in antiquity.

Ra• Other Names: Re • Ra was all was worshiped kings

and by the gods.• Patron of: the sun, heaven, kingship,

power, light. • Appearance: a pharaoh wearing

the sun disk on his head. • Ra was one of the main Gods for

ancient Egypt

Ra• Other Names: Re • Ra was all was worshiped

kings and by the gods.• Patron of: the sun, heaven,

kingship, power, light. • Appearance: a pharaoh

wearing the sun disk on his head.

• Ra was one of the main Gods for ancient Egypt

Ramses ii

• Ramses was the Third king of the 19th Dynasty.

• He had red hair like his father and people thought its was

because he associated with gods.• He had many wife's and somewhere

between 100 to 200 children • War and expanding borders were a

big part of Ramses' life

• He ruled for 67 years and lived

to be the age of 90.

Senet

• Senet is a game that people played the game is set up as 3 rows of 10. the game is set for two players. with moves determined by tosses of throwstick or, sometimes, kuncklebone.

Sphinxes • The sphinx of Giza is a symbol that has

represented the essence of Egypt for thousands of years

• The must popular and current theory of the builder of the sphinx holds that it was commissioned by the 4th dynasty king khafre (2558-2532).

Stele or Selae

• Stele looks a lot like a traditional tombstone

• stelae were erected most frequently as tombstones and as boundary markers.

• onward until Roman times, a considerable change in the shapes of stelae

ThebesThebes was a ancient city in egypt. it is

located on both the west and east bank of the nile. On the east side are the massive

temples of karnak and luxor the west side has royal cemetarys and funerary complexes

Tutankhamen

His original name Tutankhamen means living images of aten he died at age 25 One reason

why Tutankhamen was not listed on the classical king lists is probably because

Horemheb, the last ruler of the 18th Dynasty, usurped most of the boy-king's work

Thutmose 1

Thutmose 1 was the king of Egypt, he was of the Early 18th Dynasty, and he re-conquered the Nubians of Northern Africa. And he later advanced into Asia as far as the Euphrates

river.

Thutmose II

• Thutmose ll was king during the 18th dynasty.

• Thutmose was married to Hatshepsut who was his half sister

• He had 9 sons and 15 daughters

Valley of the kings

Riches filled the royal tombs in the valley of the king. The famous gold funeral mask of the young

pharaoh Tutankhamun survived the relentless thieves to become an icon of ancient Egypt.

The Valley of the Kings is a desert valley located on the west bank of Thebes, the political and religious

capital of the New Kingdom.

weapons• The Old Kingdom had soldiers equipped with a great variety

of weapons: shields, spears, cudgels, maces, daggers, bows and arrows. Quivers and battle axes came into use before the second Intermediary Period, which was a time of revolution in the Egyptian martial arts. The earliest metal arrowheads date from the 11th dynasty (ca.2000 BCE), made of copper hardened by hammering

• The spear was used since earliest times for hunting. In its form of javelin it was displaced early on by the bow and arrow. It continued to be employed as a lance in the hunt of lions and bulls, having a longer reach than other handheld weapons.

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