Anna Xumetra Ginesta

2n ESO-E

2013/14

Paco Garòfano

WOOD

AND ITSDERIVATES

WOODIs a raw vegetable material. It comes from the trunks of trees. It’s compose of:

CAMBIUM

SAPWOOD

HEARTWOOD

PITH

BARK

Properties of WoodFactors that influence in the properties of the wood:

Type of treeEnvoirementSoilAge of treeComposition fo the wood

PHISICAL PROPERTIES:HardnessDensityElectrical insulatorThermal insulatorPorosityMechanical resistanceColour and grain

ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIESRenewableBiodegradableRecyclable

How to process them1.CUTTING AND PRUNING

2. TRANSPORT

3.REMOVING THE BARK 4.SWAGING

5. DRYING 6.PLANING

Preparing wood for useAfter the processes we have to protect the wood from attacks from insects, fungus..

CUTTINGWe cut in different ways depending on what we

want to use it for and what we want it to look.

radial

tangential

WARPINGThese are the ways in which wood can warp:

WASHINGThe wood is put in water for a long time to extract

different fluids.

Classifying woodWood is classified as hardwoodor softwood, depending on the tree it come fromHARDWOODDeciduous treesGrow slowly and have thick trunksContain little resin Mohogany

Can be of different colors Very heavy and long-lasting

Are compact and resistant

BEECH OAK CHERRY Heavy and easy to work with. Heavy, very hard and Not very heavy Not very resistant to damp resistant

SOFTWOODConifersGrow quickly and have clear annular ringsThe wood is resinous and light-colouredEasy to work with because is less resistant

PINE WHITE FIR RED FIR WHITE POPLAR Resistant to changes not resistant to bad Light and easy Light, soft andin TºC ,elastic, resinous weather because to work with not very resistantEasy to work with an it’s attacked by fungusresinous

Wood derivatesPREAFABRICATED WOOD PRODUCTSEasy to work withDiferent size and finishesNot attacked by parasites made from leftovers ofwood: more ecological,cheaper.

Thin sheets of wood toghether and compressedVery sensitive to humidity and temperatures changes.

Doors, agricultural construction, boats…

Plywood

Wood chips glued and compressed.Fragile and not easy to deformed.Sometimes can be bend and increase his volume by changes in humidity

Doors, ceiling planels, insulation planels, prefabricated buildings…

Chipboard

The fibres come frome milling the wood chipsCompact, flexible and easy to work with

Exterior coverings(smooth surface), furniture, cabinets, doors…

Fibreboard

Made from unused pieces of woodCompact, flexible and easy to work with

Lining for cupboards

Hardboard

These are the steps we follow to make an object out of wood. We need tools and machines.

1. Mesure2. Mark and draw3. Cut4. Drill5. Carve and level6. Plane and sand7. Join to assemble8. Paint

Equipment, tools and machines

FinishesTo protect and decorate the wood surface we add a finish.

Opaque finish: use oli, enamels and lacquers.Transparent finish: use varishes, stains and dyes.

Game!Say how many years have these trees

Game!Guess the parts of the tree

C_ _ _ _ _ _

S_ _ _ _ _ _

H_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

P_ _ _

B_ _ _

THANKS;)