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This presentation provides some brief information regarding the history of women in the work place.
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WOMEN OF THE WORKFORCE
EARLY FACTORY CONDITIONS
LONG HOURS◦12-16 HOUR DAYS
WORKED IN CRAMPED QUARTERS◦LIMITED ROOM TO OPERATE PHYSICALLY HAMPERED AND WEAKENED EMPLOYEES
EARLY FACTORY CONDITIONS
MANY RESTRICTIONS◦BATHROOM BREAKS◦CONVERSATING
DIRTY AND UNSAFE CONDITIONS◦EXAMPLE: MANY DESTROYED THEIR
LUNGS THROUGH INHALING DIRTY AIR
DISEASE SPREAD AMONGST WORKERS
EARLY FACTORY CONDITIONS
MANY DIED IN FACTORIES◦EXHAUSTION◦SWINGING EQUIPMENT◦DISEASE
EARLY FACTORY CONDITIONS
Dear Father, I received your letter on Thursday the 14th with much
pleasure. I am well, which is one comfort. My life and health are spared while others are cut off. Last Thursday one girl fell down and broke her neck, which caused instant death. She was going in or coming out of the mill and slipped down, it being very icy. The same day a man was killed by the [railroad] cars. Another had nearly all of his ribs broken. Another was nearly killed by falling down and having a bale of cotton fall on him. Last Tuesday we were paid. In all I had six dollars and sixty cents paid $4.68 for board. With the rest I got me a pair of rubbers and a pair of 50 cent shoes. Next payment I am to have a dollar a week beside my board...
-Excerpt from a Letter from Mary Paul, Lowell mill girl, December 21, 1845.
MIDDLE CLASS WOMEN
BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY:MARRIED WOMEN WERE EXPECTED TO
STAY HOME
LIVE A DOMESTIC LIFESTYLE
◦ COOK◦ CLEAN◦ TAKE CARE OF THE CHILDREN
MIDDLE CLASS WOMEN
A Wife's Need (Godey's Lady's Book)
Without ignoring accomplishments, or casting a slur upon any of the graces which serve to adorn society, we must
look deeper for the acquirements which serve to form our ideal of a perfect woman. The companion of man should
be able thoroughly to sympathize with him — her intellect should be as well developed as his. We do not believe in the mental inequality of the sexes; we believe that the man and the woman have each a work to do, for which they are specially qualified, and in which they are called to excel. Though the work is not the same, it is equally
noble, and demands an equal exercise of capacity.
From Godey's Lady's Book, Vol. LIII, July to December, 1856.
WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
1845 – 1960s:FACTORY WORKERS
◦ GARMENT OR TEXTILESHOUSEKEEPERSTEACHING NURSINGDEPARTMENT STORES WORKERSCLERICAL WORKERS
WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
1970S - CURRENT:ATTEND COLLEGE AND GRADUATE
SCHOOLS◦ EXAMPLE: SIENA HEIGHTS UNIVERSITY –
FEMALE ONLY COLLEGEHEALTH CARELAWBUSINESSDENTALBEGAN TO ENTER FIELDS DOMINATED
BY MEN
WAGE GAP
1830s PHILADELPHIA:WOMEN MADE AN AVERAGE OF $2.25 PER
WEEK WHILE MEN MADE AN AVERAGE $6.50-7.00 PER WEEK
WAGE GAPJUNE 10, 1963:
CONGRESS PASSES THE EQUAL PAY ACT, MAKING IT ILLEGAL FOR EMPLOYERS TO PAY A WOMAN LESS THAN WHAT A MAN WOULD RECEIVE FOR THE SAME JOB.