1. WISPRwandaGroup Members:Wendy TanYuen Zi ChunTan Ying
TingKoo Lay SzeLiewJie Chun
2. Social Inequality
Twa, Hutu and Tutsis
Tutsis as herders were the upper class
Hutus as farmers were the lower class
In 1890, German took over during Brussels conference
3. Cont
German favoured the Tutsi class
In 1916, Belgium took over Rwanda
Hutus was forced to work under supervision of Tutsis
Each citizen was issued a identity card which defined them as
legally Hutu or Tutsi
4. Cont
Hutus begins demanding for social equality in around 1946 post
World War II
Millions Tutsis dead
Tutsis with positions of political power had being sent into
exile
1962 Rwanda became independent with Hutus in the ascendancy.
5. Prejudices leading to discrimination
The Tutsi were generally taller than the Hutus and the Twas, and
were distinct in physical appearance.
The Roman Catholic Church and Belgian colonial authorities
considered the Hutus and Tutsis different ethnic races based on
their physical differences and patterns of migration.
Belgian colonizers accepted existing class system of a minority
Tutsi upper class and lower classes of Hutus and Tutsi
commoners.
The Belgian colonist depended on the Tutsi aristocracy to collect
taxes and enforce Belgian policies.
Hutus later stripped of power.
6. Prejudices leading to discrimination
1920, Belgians bring northwest Hutu kingdoms under Tutsi royalty
rule.
"Tutsi", "Hutu" and "Twa" were indicated on identity cards.
Differences between Hutu and Tutsi reinforced, developed separate
educational systems for each.
The Rwandan Civil War vastly increased the ethnic tensions in the
country and led to the rise of Hutu Power.
7. Rwanda:Gender and the Treatment of Women
Gender discrimination
Lack of access to resources:
Womens experiences of poverty may be more acute than those of men
because of a number of gender based forms of exclusion.
Women had no rights to inherit or own the property or land.
Play a greater role in agriculture, women experience difficulty
owning land and other farming assets, regardless of legal
changes.
8. Gender discrimination
Lack of resources:
Only 5% of the loans from the Banquespopulaires were allocated to
women.
2/3 of the female-headed household Grade 3 as compared with the
male(48%).
Less educated:
Less literate than, therefore less involved in wages sector and
generate low income.
Rate of female-headed household increase from 1994 to 34% in
1996.
9. Treatment of women during genocide
During genocide:
In the 100 days of genocide, about one million people were killed,
and an estimated 250,000 to 500,000 women and girls were raped by
Hutus.
Age does not matter, no one were spared from sexual violence.
Victims are selected based on their gender and Tutsi
ethnicity.
Raped in victims or perpetrators houses or in the public like
schools, government buildings and churches.
10. Treatment of women during genocide
Aftergenocide:
Those survived in the genocide were victims of sexual violence and
have greatly affected them.
Unwanted children- Thought of self-induced abortions, but still
there were 15000 children of hate were born.
Severe health problems faced-Children gets HIV from their
mothers.
HIV rate from 1% to 11% in 1997.
11. Other Important Social, Economic And Political Factors
Social Factors
Deep distrust is a big factor of Rwanda society, this distrust
occurs between people and the state, people are seen as overbearing
and exercise power unjustly.
Economic Factors
The 1994 genocide destroyed Rwanda's fragile economic base,
severely impoverished the population and the ability to attract
private and external investment.
Thus the economic factor drop devastatingly, gross domestic income
(GDI) growth rate of 6.5% from 1973 to 1980 slowed to an average of
2.9% a year from 1980 through 1985 and was not improving at all
from 1986 to 1990.
Political Factors
The State in Rwanda presents contradictory faces, power over states
and weak in human and financial resources. The Government distrust
political society, severely constrain civil society and free
speech.
12. What about present day Singapore?
Prejudices and discrimination from Rwanda situation with Singapore
in 2009
Similarities
Both countries devalues woman, they did not realize the importance
of woman, Singapore flavorsome boy than girl because of tradition
thinking of carry on family lines
Differences
Rwanda resolve prejudices and discrimination by initiating a war
which only cause more conflicts, but Singapore only find tack able
solutions.
13. How to prevent the imagined futureof 2061 from becoming a
reality?
Proposed Solutions to minimize social divisions
Improve family relationship by spending more time together to
understand the happiness of having a big family.
Maintain good relationship with Malaysia and not taking advantage
of the water supplies, we should also conserve water.
Eliminate traditional mindset of only giving birth to males and
realize the inequality for females through media or campaign, thus
increasing the number of females babies.
Problems/Challenges Met With the Proposed Solutions
Due to economic downturn, many married adult opt to spend more time
at work rather than with family.
Singapore lack awareness in the importance and consequences of
conserving water.
Traditional thinking of giving birth to males to carry on family
lines.
14. End ofPresentation
Thank You!!!
15. References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Rwanda
http://fletcher.tufts.edu/faculty/uvin/pdfs/reports/civilsociety.pdf
http://www.articlesbase.com/history-articles/what-exactly-happened-in-rwanda-847130.html
