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A basic ready made presentation on wireless sensor networks. I will also upload the document from which the ppt was made.
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WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSA.SATYA KARTHIK10071A0501CSE, VNRVJIET
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CONTENTS Introduction Types of WSN Characteristics of a WSN Architecture components of a WSN Architecture of a WSN Characteristics of a middleware Concept of SOA for wireless networks Architectural issues Standards and Specifications Applications Challenges Advantages Disadvantages Future Scope Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
What is a wireless sensor network (WSN)…?
Motivation of development
Parts of a sensor node in the network
Functions of a sensor node in the network
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Constraints
Cost Size Topology
TYPES OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 04
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Dense collection of nodes
Ad-hoc deployment
Difficulty in network maintenance
Few and scarcely distributed nodes
Pre-planned deployment
Lower network maintenance
Unstructured WSN Structured WSN
CHARACTERISTICS OF A WSN
1. Self – Organization
2. Concurrency processing
3. Low cost
4. Restricted energy resources
5. Tiny
6. Small radio range
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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Service oriented architecture
Applications - Sensor Applications - Node Applications - Sensor Network Applications
Sensor Application - Readout of a sensor , local storage of the data. It has full access to the hardware and is able to access the operating system directly.
Node Application - Application specific tasks and functions of the middleware to build up and maintain the network
Sensor Network Application - Main tasks and required services of the entire network
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A MIDDLEWARE FOR SENSOR NETWORK
Middleware - software layer between operating system and application
Primary objective of a middleware
A middleware has to be1. Scalable2. Generic3. Adaptive4. Reflective
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CONCEPT OF SOA FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS
A simple use case can help determine the software architecture.
Example of a simple service architecture
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ARCHITECTURE OF NODE APPLICATION STRUCTURE 0
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Node software has 3 parts
1. Operating System which performs device-specific tasks2. Sensor Driver which initializes the sensor hardware and performs
the measurements in the sensor3. Host Middleware which organizes the co- operation of the
distributed nodes in the network
OVERALL GENERAL ARCHITECTURE
The general overall software architecture of the sensor net is shown in the figure
Individual nodes interact with the distributed middleware layer to perform the functions dictated by the sensor network application
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ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES
Energy efficiency
Network topology
Failure in long range communication
Increase in traffic decreases the lifetime
Single tier and multi tier architecture disadvantages
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ARCHITECTURE – CLUSTER BASED
Proposed to tackle the previous architectural issues
Provides Quality of management (Qos)
Dynamic architecture – cluster is a basic unit of software
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STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Predominant standards commonly used in WSN communications include:
1. Zig Bee - Transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones
2. Bluetooth - Wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices by creating PANs’
3. 6LoWPAN - Defined encapsulation and header compression mechanisms that allow IPv6 packets to be sent to and received from over IEEE 802.15.4 based networks
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APPLICATIONS OF WSN Area monitoring
Health care monitoring
Air pollution monitoring
Forest fire detection
Landslide detection
Water quality monitoring
Natural disaster prevention
Industrial monitoring
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CHALLENGES Hardware : 1. Low cost 2. Tiny sensors 3. Lifetime maximization 4. Robustness and fault tolerance 5. Self-configuration
Software : 1. Operating systems 2. Security 3. Mobility
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ADVANTAGES OF A WSN
Avoids a lot of wiring
Can accommodate new devices at any time
Flexible to go through physical partitions
It can be accessed through a centralized monitor
Infrastructure
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DISADVANTAGES OF WSN
Easy for hackers to hack a network
Comparatively low speed of communication
Gets distracted by various elements
Costly at large
Life of nodes
Energy life
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FUTURE SCOPE
More research work needs to be done in future.
Needs to be implemented in a wireless sensor network with mobile nodes.
The effects of very large node densities need to be investigated.
The feasibility of using the clustering technique and data aggregation needs to be tested in the same wireless sensor network.
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CONCLUSION
As described, wireless sensor networks possess the potential for many applications. The advance of technology enabled the creation of prototype WSNs, but the hardware and software both have a ways to go before WSNs are practical, cost-effective, and usefully.
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REFERENCES
www.wikipedia.org
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/technology-research/wsn2.pdf
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228695105_Service-oriented_software_architecture_for_sensor_networks/file/5046351a8ae5a75f8b.pdf
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