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It is a presentation on wireless networking. In this presentation the main topic is connection via Wi-Fi
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A PRESENTATIONON
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Presented By:-Himanshu DerwalID - 10EE020
ANANDINTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
A PRESENTATIONON
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Presented By:-Himanshu DerwalID - 10EE020
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
WIRELESS NETWORKSWIRELESS NETWORKS
Management Center(Database large storage, analysis)
BSC(Base Station
Controller,Preprocessing)BTS
Wireless Sensor
MachineMonitoring
Medical Monitoring
Wireless SensorWirelessData Collection Networks
Data AcquisitionNetwork Animal
Monitoring
Vehicle MonitoringWireless networks
Submarine Monitoring
PDAWireless
(Wi-Fi 802.11 2.4GHzBlueTooth
Cellular Network, -CDMA, GSM)
Data DistributionNetwork
Printer
Wireland
(Ethernet WLAN, Optical)
Onlinemonitoring Server
transmitter
Any where tomonitor and anywhere to access
Notebook CellularPhone PC
Presentation Outline
• History• Wireless Technology overview• The IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standards• Secure Wireless LANs• Migrating to Wireless LANs (Cutting the
cord)
• History• Wireless Technology overview• The IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standards• Secure Wireless LANs• Migrating to Wireless LANs (Cutting the
cord)
The beginning…• Most credit Guglielmo Marconi, “the father of radio”, with
the initiation of wireless technology• 1894 Marconi experimented with Hertzian Waves (radio
waves) to produce and detect waves over long distances• 1896 Marconi established the Wireless Telegraph &
Signal Company, the first radio factory• 1901 St John’s, New Foundland, Marconi received the
first trans-Atlantic wireless signal from Poldhu, England• 1905 the first distress signal sent using Morse Code• 1919 Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was
incorporated, and consumer radio broadcasts for newsand entertainment soon became popular
• Most credit Guglielmo Marconi, “the father of radio”, withthe initiation of wireless technology
• 1894 Marconi experimented with Hertzian Waves (radiowaves) to produce and detect waves over long distances
• 1896 Marconi established the Wireless Telegraph &Signal Company, the first radio factory
• 1901 St John’s, New Foundland, Marconi received thefirst trans-Atlantic wireless signal from Poldhu, England
• 1905 the first distress signal sent using Morse Code• 1919 Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was
incorporated, and consumer radio broadcasts for newsand entertainment soon became popular
US Military jumps into Wireless
• During World War II the US Military used wireless signalswith encryption to send battle plans and instructions
• US Military started the shift to radio data transmissiontechnology
Wireless Networking: Birth of theWireless Network
• 1971 network technologies met radio technologies whenthe first wireless Local Area Network (LAN) wasestablished at the University of Hawaii during theexperiment, ‘ALOHANET’
• ALOHANET used a bidirectional star topology consistingof (7) computers over (4) islands
• 1971 network technologies met radio technologies whenthe first wireless Local Area Network (LAN) wasestablished at the University of Hawaii during theexperiment, ‘ALOHANET’
• ALOHANET used a bidirectional star topology consistingof (7) computers over (4) islands
Wireless Networking: Cellular
• 1973 Dr Martin Cooper, Motorola Labs, invented thefirst personal mobile cellular telephone (weighed 2.5 lbs,30 individual circuit boards, no display screen,9”x5”x1.75”, 10 hours to charge for 35 minutes of use)
• 1983 marked American entry into the commercialcellular service market
• 1987 FCC allows and encourages cellular serviceproviders to use alternate technologies in the 800Mhzradio spectrum to prompt use of digital transmission
• 1973 Dr Martin Cooper, Motorola Labs, invented thefirst personal mobile cellular telephone (weighed 2.5 lbs,30 individual circuit boards, no display screen,9”x5”x1.75”, 10 hours to charge for 35 minutes of use)
• 1983 marked American entry into the commercialcellular service market
• 1987 FCC allows and encourages cellular serviceproviders to use alternate technologies in the 800Mhzradio spectrum to prompt use of digital transmission
Wireless Networking: IEEE
• 1990 IEEE 802 Executive Committee established the802.11 Working Group to create a wireless LAN standard.
• 1997 working group approved IEEE 802.11 as theworld’s first wireless LAN standard
• New standards are continuously being developed by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• 1990 IEEE 802 Executive Committee established the802.11 Working Group to create a wireless LAN standard.
• 1997 working group approved IEEE 802.11 as theworld’s first wireless LAN standard
• New standards are continuously being developed by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Wireless?
• A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless localarea network that uses radio waves as itscarrier.
• The last link with the users is wireless, togive a network connection to all users in abuilding or campus.
• The backbone network usually uses cables
• A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless localarea network that uses radio waves as itscarrier.
• The last link with the users is wireless, togive a network connection to all users in abuilding or campus.
• The backbone network usually uses cables
How do wireless LANs work?
Wireless LANs operate in almost the sameway as
wired LANs, using the same networkingprotocols
and supporting the most of the sameapplications.
Wireless LANs operate in almost the sameway as
wired LANs, using the same networkingprotocols
and supporting the most of the sameapplications.
How are WLANs Different?
• They integrate into existing networks throughaccess points which provide a bridgingfunction
• They let you stay connected as you roam fromone coverage area to another
• They have unique security considerations• They have specific interoperability
requirements• They require different hardware• They offer performance that differs from wired
LANs.
• They integrate into existing networks throughaccess points which provide a bridgingfunction
• They let you stay connected as you roam fromone coverage area to another
• They have unique security considerations• They have specific interoperability
requirements• They require different hardware• They offer performance that differs from wired
LANs.
Integration With ExistingNetworks• Wireless Access Points (APs) - a small
device that bridges wireless traffic to yournetwork.
• Most access points bridge wireless LANsinto Ethernet networks, but Token-Ringoptions are available as well.
• Wireless Access Points (APs) - a smalldevice that bridges wireless traffic to yournetwork.
• Most access points bridge wireless LANsinto Ethernet networks, but Token-Ringoptions are available as well.
Integration With ExistingNetworks
Roaming• Users maintain a continuous connection as they roam
from one physical area to another• Mobile nodes automatically register with the new
access point.• Methods: DHCP, Mobile IP• IEEE 802.11 standard does not
address roaming, you may needto purchase equipment from onevendor if your users need to roamfrom one access point to another.
• Users maintain a continuous connection as they roamfrom one physical area to another
• Mobile nodes automatically register with the newaccess point.
• Methods: DHCP, Mobile IP• IEEE 802.11 standard does not
address roaming, you may needto purchase equipment from onevendor if your users need to roamfrom one access point to another.
Security
• In theory, spread spectrum radio signalsare inherently difficult to decipher withoutknowing the exact hopping sequences ordirect sequence codes used
• The IEEE 802.11 standard specifiesoptional security called "Wired EquivalentPrivacy" whose goal is that a wireless LANoffer privacy equivalent to that offered bya wired LAN. The standard also specifiesoptional authentication measures.
• In theory, spread spectrum radio signalsare inherently difficult to decipher withoutknowing the exact hopping sequences ordirect sequence codes used
• The IEEE 802.11 standard specifiesoptional security called "Wired EquivalentPrivacy" whose goal is that a wireless LANoffer privacy equivalent to that offered bya wired LAN. The standard also specifiesoptional authentication measures.
Hardware
• PC Card, either with integral antenna orwith external antenna/RF module.
• ISA Card with external antenna connectedby cable.
• Handheld terminals• Access points
• PC Card, either with integral antenna orwith external antenna/RF module.
• ISA Card with external antenna connectedby cable.
• Handheld terminals• Access points
Hardware
CISCO Aironet 350 series Wireless Handheld TerminalCISCO Aironet 350 series
Semi Parabolic AntennaBreezeCOM AP
MicrostrainG-Sensor
Microstrain Wireless Sensors
MicrostrainV-Link
Transceiver
MicrostrainTransceiver
Connect to PC
RFID node
BerkeleyCrossbow
Sensor
Crossbowtransceiver
Performance
• 802.11a offers speeds with atheoretically maximum rate of 54Mbps inthe 5 GHz band
• 802.11b offers speeds with atheoretically maximum rate of 11Mbps atin the 2.4 GHz spectrum band
• 802.11g is a new standard for data ratesof up to a theoretical maximum of 54Mbps at 2.4 GHz.
• 802.11a offers speeds with atheoretically maximum rate of 54Mbps inthe 5 GHz band
• 802.11b offers speeds with atheoretically maximum rate of 11Mbps atin the 2.4 GHz spectrum band
• 802.11g is a new standard for data ratesof up to a theoretical maximum of 54Mbps at 2.4 GHz.
802.11a Vs. 802.11b802.11a vs.802.11b
802.11a 802.11b
Raw data rates Up to 54 Mbps(54, 48, 36, 24,18, 12and 6 Mbps)
Up to 11 Mbps(11, 5.5, 2, and1 Mbps)
Range 50 Meters 100 Meters
Bandwidth UNII and ISM(5 GHz range)
ISM (2.4000—2.4835 GHz range)
Modulation OFDM technology DSSS technology
Authentication
Means:• Based on cryptography• Non-cryptographic• Both are identity-based verification
mechanisms (devices request accessbased on the SSID – Service Set Identifierof the wireless network).
Means:• Based on cryptography• Non-cryptographic• Both are identity-based verification
mechanisms (devices request accessbased on the SSID – Service Set Identifierof the wireless network).
Security Problems
• Security features in Wireless products arefrequently not enabled.
• Use of static WEP keys (keys are in use for avery long time). WEP does not provide keymanagement.
• Cryptographic keys are short.• No user authentication occurs – only devices are
authenticated. A stolen device can access thenetwork.
• Identity based systems are vulnerable.• Packet integrity is poor.
• Security features in Wireless products arefrequently not enabled.
• Use of static WEP keys (keys are in use for avery long time). WEP does not provide keymanagement.
• Cryptographic keys are short.• No user authentication occurs – only devices are
authenticated. A stolen device can access thenetwork.
• Identity based systems are vulnerable.• Packet integrity is poor.
Antenna Selection andPlacement• Permanently attached.• Remote antennas connected using an antenna
cable.• Coax cable used for RF has a high signal loss,
should not be mounted more than a 1 or 2meters away from the device.
• Placement: consider building construction,ceiling height, obstacles, and aesthetics.Different materials (cement, steel) have differentradio propagation characteristics.
• Permanently attached.• Remote antennas connected using an antenna
cable.• Coax cable used for RF has a high signal loss,
should not be mounted more than a 1 or 2meters away from the device.
• Placement: consider building construction,ceiling height, obstacles, and aesthetics.Different materials (cement, steel) have differentradio propagation characteristics.
Vendor Information
• CISCO Systems Wirelesshttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/44/jump/wireless.shtml
• 3Com Wirelesshttp://www.3com.com/products/en_US/prodlist.jsp?tab=cat&pathtype=purchase&cat=13&selcat=Wireless+Products
• Breeze Wireless Communicationshttp://www.breezecom.com
• Lucent Technologieshttp://www.wavelan.com
• Symbol Technologies http://www.symbol.com
• CISCO Systems Wirelesshttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/44/jump/wireless.shtml
• 3Com Wirelesshttp://www.3com.com/products/en_US/prodlist.jsp?tab=cat&pathtype=purchase&cat=13&selcat=Wireless+Products
• Breeze Wireless Communicationshttp://www.breezecom.com
• Lucent Technologieshttp://www.wavelan.com
• Symbol Technologies http://www.symbol.com
References
• CISCO Packet Magazine, 2nd Quarter 2002http://www.cisco.com/en/US/about/ac123/ac114/ac173/ac168/about_cisco_packet_issue_home.html
• 3Com University – Wireless LANs A TechnologyOverview www.3com.com/3comu
• National Institute of Standards and TechnologyWireless Network Securityhttp://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/draft-sp800-48.pdf
• CISCO Packet Magazine, 2nd Quarter 2002http://www.cisco.com/en/US/about/ac123/ac114/ac173/ac168/about_cisco_packet_issue_home.html
• 3Com University – Wireless LANs A TechnologyOverview www.3com.com/3comu
• National Institute of Standards and TechnologyWireless Network Securityhttp://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/draft-sp800-48.pdf
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