2. What happens during labor and delivery, and how do the
different approaches to childbirth affect these processes? What are
the long-term effects of preterm birth on the infant and on the
infants family, and what kinds of intervention can promote the
development of preterm infants? What can newborns do? What are the
developmental challenges facing the newborn?
3. Birth preparation classes: courses designed to increase the
confidence of women in their ability to give birth and to educate
them on coping strategies for childbirth Birth plan: a written
outline of parents wishes for labor and birth, intended to help
health care providers know what parents want and expect
5. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to view the baby
while it is still developing inside the uterus. It has been used
for over 40 years and is fairly safe for both mother and baby.
6. A sample of the fluid around the baby is collected and
analyzed for chromosomal defects Risk is minimal, however there is
a risk of miscarriage. Especially if the mother exerts herself soon
after the
7. Similar to Amniocentesis, however instead of fluid, a sample
of the placenta is taken and analyzed Can be performed earlier in
pregnancy than amniocentesis Minimal risk but some chance of
miscarriage because of the invasive nature of the procedure
8. Oxytocin: a hormome secreted by the pituitary gland that
stimulates the uterus to contract Stage 1 - Dilation: begins with
the start of regular contractions and ends when the cervix is
completely open Lasts about 6 12 hours for first births and 6 7
hours for subsequent births Transition: the most painful phase of
stage 1 labor lasting between 30 minutes to an hour or two
9. Stage 2 Descent and Birth: begins when the cervix is
completely dilated and ends when the baby is born Contractions
produce the urge to push, which helps the baby descend though the
birth canal May last from 10 minutes to several hours Stage 3
Delivery of the placenta Very brief. Lasts from 5 to 30
minutes
10. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Dilation Descent and Birth Delivery
of Placenta
11. Used to induce labor or to speed up delivery Can make
contractions more intense and uncomfortable Prostin gel, Prepidil ,
and Cervidil Misoprostal A ulcer treatment that also can induce
labor in a more comfortable way than Petosin.
12. A. Blocks nerve signals and reduces pain B. Gets more
oxygen to the fetus C. Indices labor and speeds up delivery D.
Cures Post-Partum depression Answer Now 60
13. Cultural differences: Some cultures believe that childbirth
pain is expected and normal, so pharmaceutical pain relief is
inappropriate. Japanese believe the pain will increase love for the
child. Vietnamese use less pain relief and more self- control,
trying not to express their pain.
14. Analgesics: drugs used to relieve pain and promote
relaxation Anesthetics: drugs that block sensation General
anesthetics: drugs causing total loss of both sensation and
consciousness; are rarely used Epidural anesthesia: local
anesthetic that blocks sensation to only part of the body
15. Birth center: facilities typically established in or near
conventional labor wards for the care of pregnant women who require
little or no medical intervention during birth Homelike environment
Staffed by midwives or nurse-midwives
16. Natural childbirth: childbirth that takes place without the
use of anesthetics or other interventions Water birth: method in
which the mother sits in a tub of warm water and gives birth;
believed to be less painful and more relaxing Doula: a nonmedical
professional who provides women with physical and emotional
assistance before, during, or after childbirth
17. Assisted vaginal delivery: delivery done when spontaneous
vaginal delivery is not possible. Forceps and vacuum extraction are
the most common forms. Also called instrumental delivery. Induced
labor: artificial start of labor with the use of physical
stimulation and drugs Cesarean delivery: surgical delivery
sometimes necessary for safety of mother and baby
18. Baby removed from uterus through incision in abdomen when
Baby is in breech or crosswise position Head too large for mothers
pelvis Vaginal bleeding has occurred in pregnancy 29.1% of U.S.
births are C- sections
