CHAPTER 19AN AGE OF

EXPLORATIONS & ISOLATION

1400 – 1800 Section 1: Europeans Explore the

East

FOR “GOD, GLORY, AND GOLD”

Europeans gained ___________ by exploring______________________– Portuguese

Explorer; “to serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

___________- ships that sailed against the wind

PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY ______________________was committed to

the idea of exploring First to use caravel and compassStarted school of navigation

______________________led a ship around Africa, to India, and back. Portuguese had found a sea route to Asia.

SPAIN ALSO MAKES CLAIMS

______________________ convinced Spanish monarchy that he could reach Asia by sailing west. Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492

1494, _________________________________:divided the world into two areas. Portugal controls East—including Africa,

India, and parts of Asia. Spain controls West—including Americas.

TRADING EMPIRES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN Portugal gained power over

“______________________”. Islands rich in spice

Europeans set up companies to control tradeCompanies had power to mint (create)

money, make treaties, and even raise their own armies.

CHAPTER 19AN AGE OF

EXPLORATIONS & ISOLATION

1400 – 1800 Section 2: China Limits European

Contacts

CHINA UNDER POWERFUL MING DYNASTY Ming Dynasty – Chinese dynasty that

ruled from 1368 to 1644Hongwu first emperor

Improved government Increased food production Killed many people he suspected as traitors

Eventually, Chinese began to isolate themselves

Allowed trade at only 3 ports Illegal trade was common

Europeans wanted Silk and ceramics

MANUFACTURING Manufacturing never grew very large

Believed farming was a better way of lifeManufacturing heavily taxedMissionaries brought Christianity and

technology

MANCHUS FOUND THE QING DYNASTY Ming Dynasty

lost powerGovernment

could not solve problems

Manchus – People from Manchuria1644, Took control

of ChinaStarted Qing

Dynasty

TRADING ISSUES Chinese wanted Europeans to follow

rules to trade with them. Trading only at special ports and paying

fees. The Dutch agreed The British did not

LIFE IN MING AND QING CHINA Production of rice and long period of

peace led to better livesPopulation almost doubled 1600-1700Many were farmers

Better fertilizers, and irrigation

Sons were valued over daughters Infant girls were killedAdult women had few rights

Invasion from foreigners and trade issues with English created tension in ChinaTried to preserve art and isolation

19.2 VOCABULARY • Ming dynasty • Hongwu • Yonglo • Zheng He • Manchus • Qing dynasty • Kangxi

CHAPTER 19AN AGE OF

EXPLORATIONS & ISOLATION

1400 – 1800 Section 3:

Japan Returns to Isolation

19.3 VOCABULARY Daimyo Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Shogunate Kabuki Haiku

A NEW FEUDALISM UNDER STRONG LEADERS 1467 – 1568 civil war

in Japan Daimyo (warriors)

took over Fought each other for

land 1590, Toyotomi

Hideyoshi brought Japan under one ruler Tokugawa moved

capital of Japan to small town of Edo (today: Tokyo)

Rulers were called Shoguns When Tokugawa died in 1616, his family

started the Tokugawa ShogunateLasted until 1867

LIFE IN TOKUGAWA

Peasants suffered Worked many hoursPaid heavy taxes

Moved to cityWomen had more opportunities

Traditional cultureClassical paintings and ceremonial dramas

New styles in citiesKabuki – dramas about urban life

HAIKU 5 -7 -5

CONTACT BETWEEN EUROPE AND JAPAN 1543, Europeans arrived to Japan 1612, Tokugawa banned Christianity

from JapanPersecuted all Christians

Rid country of all Christians

THE CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY 1639, Japanese sealed borders

One port open only to Chinese and Dutch Tokugawa had tight control over the port For 200 years, Japan closed contact with

Europe

TEST TOMORROW Study for test tomorrow! Study your notes! Study Vocabulary STUDY, STUDY, STUDY