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What Teachers Need to Learn

What teachers need to learn

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Page 1: What teachers need to learn

What Teachers Need to Learn

Page 2: What teachers need to learn

Today’s Presentation Goals

1. What is meant by a good teacher?

2. What is meant by teacher learning?

3. What are the possible goals of teacher

learning?

4. Views of teaching learning

5. What good teachers know?

6. Types of teacher knowledge

7. Types of knowledge and teacher learning

goals.

8. What are the characteristics of good language

teachers?

9. Why do teachers need to know more about

language?

10.What are the courses that teachers need to

take?

Page 3: What teachers need to learn

What Is Meant By A Good Teacher?

The literature abounds with different definitions of good teachers: (as cited in Shono: 2004: 2-3):

i. Simon and Boyer (1969), for example, define good teachers

as analytic teachers; i.e. teachers who use a systematic

method of recording and examining their classrooms and their

interactions with their students.

ii. Cruickshank (1987) considers good teachers to be reflective

teachers who demonstrate interest not only in learning the art

and science aspects of teaching but in learning about

themselves as teachers as well.

iii. Good teachers are caring teachers who take a special interest

in the lives of their students and are sensitive to their particular

needs.

Page 4: What teachers need to learn

What Is Meant By Teacher Learning?Westwood (2008) reports that:

teacher learning is the process of making the teacher informed about:

1. The subject knowledge and the curriculum goals that he/she

will deal with.

2. The linguistic and non- linguistic competencies he/she should

have.

3. The personal and social qualities that he/she should have.

4. The teaching methods and learning styles/strategies that

he/she will adopt.

5. Students‘ needs and individual differences.

Page 5: What teachers need to learn

What Are The Possible Goals of Teacher Learning?

Goal 1: Producing Good Teachers

What do teacher preparation programmes mainly focus on?

1. Developing sufficient belief and confidence to feel enough like a teacher.

2. Pupil behavior during lessons.

What are the intrapersonal and interpersonal qualities a teacher should have?

Good teachers are : (Intrapersonal): knowledgeable, kind, patient, & attractive.

(Interpersonal) : able to form relationships, team work,

leadership…etc.

Page 6: What teachers need to learn

Good teachers :

1. Pay attention to learners’ emotions – confidence building.

2. Teacherly qualities and intrapersonal skills.

3. Interpersonal skills – conflict resolution.

4. Using drama techniques to support the personal public

presentation aspects of the work.

Page 7: What teachers need to learn

Goal 2: Producing / Developing Good Teaching

Is teaching art or Science?

1. Craft: teachers benefit from other experienced teachers.

2. Science :teachers apply what is scientifically acceptable.

Teaching is a Complex & an Open Skill.

Complex: many activities happen at the same time inside the

classroom such as reading, writing, listenining, managing

behavior , etc.

Open Skill: there are many ways to do an activity: ex:

managing behavior can be made by talking, shouting, mocking,

etc.

Page 8: What teachers need to learn

Teaching contains the elements of an

Art, a Craft, a Science and as a Complex open skill

1- What are the implications for teaching as an art?

Making personal choices & new ways of doing things & access to

experiences teachers.

2- What are the implications for teaching as a craft?

Opportunities for learners practice – practice in real world situations.

3- What are the implications for teaching as a science?

Access to the latest findings of scientific research.

Page 9: What teachers need to learn

4- What are the implications for teaching as a complex open skill?

• Opportunities for learners to practise and receive comments on

the component parts of skill in a safe environment.

• Opportunities for learners to practise putting the parts together,

and managing the complexity in real world situations, and be

supported in doing so.

Page 10: What teachers need to learn

Goal 3: Producing Teaching Professionals

What teachers need to do in order to be professional teachers?

1. Understand how and to whom they are accountable.

2. Obtain recognized specialist qualifications.

3. Access to professional journals.

4. Participate in professional debates

5. Participate in professional activities ( conferences, reading

newsletters. Etc.).

6. Develop flexible and informed decision-making skills.

Page 11: What teachers need to learn

Goal 4: Teachers as Reflective Practitioners

What is required of teachers to be reflective practitioners ?@

1. Noticing and observing what is actually happening in

classrooms .

2. What teachers think about (i.e. themselves, learning, exams,

the influence of the wider context) and why .

3. How teachers use what they think about in relation to their

teaching, their pupils, their colleagues.

4. When teachers give themselves time and space to think-

immediately after teaching , sometime later, on the bus , in the

bath.

Page 12: What teachers need to learn

Goal 4: Teachers as Reflective Practitioners

Reflective:

Characterized by deep careful thought.

Practitioner:

Somebody who practices a particular profession.

Reflective practitioner:

A teacher who uses deep, careful thought to improve instruction.

Page 13: What teachers need to learn

Goal 4: Teachers as Reflective Practitioners

Why is Reflective practicing important?

Page 14: What teachers need to learn

Goal 4: Teachers as Reflective Practitioners

What is required of teachers to be reflective practitioners ?

1. Noticing and observing what is actually happening in

classrooms .

2. What teachers think about (i.e. themselves, learning, exams,

the influence of the wider context) and why .

3. How teachers use what they think about in relation to their

teaching, their pupils, their colleagues.

4. When teachers give themselves time and space to think-

immediately after teaching , sometime later, in the car …etc

Page 15: What teachers need to learn

Goal 4: Teachers as Reflective Practitioners

5. How teachers (can) access and use other people‘s ideas in

their thinking .

6. Teacher diary.

7. Peer observation.

8. Recording lessons.

9. Student feedback.

Page 16: What teachers need to learn

Goal 5: Technicians

What teachers should have to be described as technicist teachers?

1. Share the syllabus and materials designers ‘ ways of

thinking .

2. Develop the skills to carry out the requisite in-class

operations and activities that these ways of thinking

engender, in ways that are consistent with the expected

outcomes.

Page 17: What teachers need to learn

Views of Teacher Learning

Are Good teachers born or made?

What are the main views/perspectives of teacher learning?

1. Identity and interpersonal skills development.

2. Socio-cultural perspective: teacher learning is made through participation in culture of teachers in a given context.

3. The cognitive view: social constructivism: emphasize engaging the learner in meaning-making & and interaction with others.

4. Skill theory : intelligent action is developed through cyclical processes of trial and error.

Page 18: What teachers need to learn

What Good Teachers Know

What are the topic areas teachers need to be knowledgeable about?

1. Content Knowledge : subject knowledge.

2. General pedagogical knowledge: classroom management &

assessment techniques.

3. Curriculum knowledge: what is in it? Why it is there? Planning

to cover it.

4. Pedagogical content knowledge: techniques to teaching the

subject.

5. Knowledge of learners and their characteristics.

6. Knowledge of the educational context.

7. Knowledge of the educational ends, purposes, values, and

historical backgrounds.

Page 19: What teachers need to learn

Types of Teacher Knowledge

1- Knowing About (KA)

WHAT SHOULD TEACHERS KNOW ABOUT AND USE IN THEIR THINKING?

1. Their subject : its aim & role

2. How the subject is learnt.

3. The school and its policies.

4. The students, their backgrounds, their needs.

5. Strategies for managing their ongoing professional learning,

professional organizations, & journals in their subject area.

Page 20: What teachers need to learn

2- Knowing How(KH)

WHAT SHOULD TEACHERS BE ABLE TO ?

1. Use strategies to support pupils and their learning.

2. Notice important features of classrooms and organizations.

3. Promote conditions which support the learning processes.

4. Assess learning.

5. Relate to students, other professionals, parents, and

colleagues.

6. Fulfill other professional obligations.

7. Access and use new idea and theories.

Page 21: What teachers need to learn

3- Knowing to (KT)

What should the expertise developed by good teachers allow them to do ?

To intuitively and instantaneously use what they know at

just the right moment and in just the right way to support the

learning of their learners in their classroom.

Page 22: What teachers need to learn

Types of Knowledge & Goals of Teacher Learning

1- Producing Good Teachers:

Focus on personal & Interpersonal skills

2- Developing Good Teaching:

Make appropriate choices at the appropriate time.

3- Producing Teaching Professionals:

Access to professional journals

4- Producing Reflective Practitioners:

Understand what they think about.

5- Producing Technicist Teachers:

Interpret the syllabus in the manner the designers intended.

Goal Knowledge

Page 23: What teachers need to learn

LANGUAGE TEACHER LEARNING

Page 24: What teachers need to learn

What Are the Characteristics of Good Language Teachers?

1. Having a Good Command of the L2 (e.g. fluent in the foreign

language with good communication skills).

2. Possess Sound Teaching Skills (e.g. employs diverse teaching

methodology).

3. Teacher Empathy toward Students (e.g. knows and understands

students’ needs, and Strengths and weaknesses).

4. Personal Qualities (e.g. is patient and humorous).

5. Reflection and Improvement (e.g. reflects on their own teaching

and keeps up-to-date in knowledge and skills).

Page 25: What teachers need to learn

Why Do Teachers Need To Know More About Language?

1- Teacher as Communicator

Understanding student talk – his langauge must be clear.

2- Teacher as Educator

Selecting materials that suit students – assessing student

accomplishments.

3- Teacher as Evaluator

Sorting learners - placement

4- Teacher as Educated Human Being

Access to basic information about langauge.

5- Teacher as Agent of Socialization

Matching practices at home & school.

Page 26: What teachers need to learn

What Are The Courses That Teachers Need To Take?

1. Language and Linguistics

2. Language and Cultural Diversity

3. Sociolinguistics for Educators in a Linguistically Diverse

Society

4. Language Development

5. Second Language Learning and Teaching

6. The Language of Academic Discourse

7. Text Analysis and Language Understanding in

Educational Settings