Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2
What is Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipa journey not a destinationrdquoBy
Allah Dad Khan
3
Water is Life
4
Natural Resources
5
Natural Resources1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
7
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
3
Water is Life
4
Natural Resources
5
Natural Resources1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
7
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
4
Natural Resources
5
Natural Resources1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
7
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
5
Natural Resources1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
7
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
7
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
7
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely aspossible the complexity of a healthy
and natural ecosystem Goals include Providing a more profitable farm income
1 Promoting environmental stewardship2 Promoting stable prosperous farm3 families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Sustainable Agriculture
1 Reduces inputs2 health3 Strengthens rural and urban communities4 Produces viable farm income5 Promotes healthy family and social values6 Brings the consumer back into agriculture
Uses ecological pest and weed management
7 strategies8 Cycles nutrients back into the soil for
fertility
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 10
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
a) satisfy human food and fiber needsb) enhance environmental qualityc) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable
resourcesd) sustain economic viability e) enhance quality of liferdquo
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Residue and no-tillage systems
1 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and water erosion
2 Allows for greater moisture retention in rainfed systems
3 These systems build soil organic matter over
period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady
staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same
environment
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Animal Manure
1 The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm
2 There are variations in nutrient profiles of
animal manures3 If using raw manure cannot apply
to fields for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Soil Fertility Composts
1Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water
2 Nutrient contribution of manure-basedcompost is balanced between N-P-K Have acompost nutrient assessment done3 How much compost to apply and timing isdifferent on each farm4 Ease and economics of use local availabilityand costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Soil Fertility Cover Crops
1Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physicalproperties with carbon and nitrogen cyclingSome cover crops actually suppress certainnematodes and soil borne diseases ierye triticale mustards2 Cover crops have superb weed
suppressingeffects by competing with weeds for light andsmothering unwanted plants or throughallelopathy3 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 18
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Economic Sustainability
1 Selecting profitable enterprises2 Sound financial planning3 Direct marketing4 Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 20
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
21
What is Environment
1 Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
2 Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
3 General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
22
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Environmental Sustainability
1Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as managementof a production system where there is a multitude ofcomplex interactions occurring between soil waterplants animals climate and people2 The GOAL is to integrate all these components into asolid production system that benefits all participants3 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimickingnatural processes and ecosystem function4Diversifying our farms with various enterprises bothanimals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
1 In nature minerals needed for plant and animal growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem
2 An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal
3 Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 31
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state
2 Educating your community about sustainable food production
3Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability
4School tours and farm internships 5 Quality of life on the farm for everyone
involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm work
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are profitable and that protect the environment and the personal health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Types of Sustainable Farming
1 Organic farming2 Biodynamic 3 Permaculture4 Agroecological Systems5 Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
Why Sustainable Agriculture
1Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distributionLoss of farms --155000 farms were lost
from1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
beenlost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
How do you get to goals
1) Figure out where you are2) Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses3) Select strategies (practices)4) Keep monitoring your progress 5) Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Successes
a) Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
b) Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
c) CHEAP FOODd) Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the worlde) Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging)f) Convenience Foodsg) Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiencyh) Improvements In Soil Conservation i) Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 41
Problems
1 Continuing soil loss2 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
3 Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
4 Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity5 Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress6 Declining communities7 Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals8 Reliance on fossil fuels global warming9 Farmland loss to development ugly countryside10 Difficulty of starting in farming
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
42
Recommendations
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched 3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness 4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize
the adverse affects of insects 5Drought resistance tolerant crop
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
43
Recommendations Contd6 Diversification of crops economic
use of water resources 7 Establishment of food processing
units and cold storages 8 Development and improvement of
indigenous breed of buffaloes 9 Implementation of legislation
relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
44
Recommendations Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation12Laser leveling13No till practices
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
45
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
46
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
47
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
48
48
