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Western Civilization Session 4 Renaissance and Reformation Part 1 IS-VNU Mr. Mike Beard

Western Civilization Lecture 4

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Page 1: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western Civilization

Session 4Renaissance and Reformation Part 1

IS-VNU

Mr. Mike Beard

Page 2: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern Civilization

• What is “Renaissance”? What is “Renaissance”? • What influenced the Renaissance? What influenced the Renaissance? • Renaissance ThemesRenaissance Themes• Renaissance Art: Paintings, SculpturesRenaissance Art: Paintings, Sculpturesand Architecture and Architecture

Page 3: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance = RebirthRenaissance = Rebirth

School of Athens, Raphael 1510

Page 4: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRebirthRebirth of Ancient Greeks and Romansof Ancient Greeks and Romans

School of Athens, Raphael 1510

Plato

AristotleSocratesAlexander the Great

PythagorasHeraclitus

Raphael

Page 5: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRebirthRebirth

Rediscovery of the Greeks and Rediscovery of the Greeks and RomansRomansArt, Literature, Science, Art, Literature, Science, Philosophy...,Philosophy...,

Page 6: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

Crusaders brought Crusaders brought back knowledge of the back knowledge of the ancient arts, sciences ancient arts, sciences and philosophy that and philosophy that had been preserved by had been preserved by the Islamic Golden the Islamic Golden AgeAge

Page 7: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

1100 AD – Paper manufacture began in 1100 AD – Paper manufacture began in Spain Spain

Page 8: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

1450 AD – Gutenberg's Printing Press1450 AD – Gutenberg's Printing Press

1455 AD – Gutenberg Bible1st Major Book Printed

Page 9: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

1304-1374 AD – 1304-1374 AD – PetrarchPetrarch

Father of HumanismFather of Humanism

Writing focused on this Writing focused on this world not heavenworld not heaven

Wrote in Italian Wrote in Italian vernacular vernacular (common (common language)language)

Page 10: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

1215 AD1215 AD – The Magna CartaThe Magna CartaRequired King John of England to proclaim certain Required King John of England to proclaim certain libertiesliberties

Stated that the king's will was not arbitrary (limited Stated that the king's will was not arbitrary (limited the power of the king)the power of the king)

No "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be No "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be punished except through the law of the land, a punished except through the law of the land, a right which is still in existence todayright which is still in existence today

Page 11: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

Patrons of the ArtsPatrons of the ArtsWealthy families like the Wealthy families like the Medicis of Florence Medicis of Florence began to began to commissioncommission works of artworks of art

CommissionCommission – to authorize and – to authorize and fund somethingfund something

Portrait of Lorenzo de' Medici

Page 12: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

Patrons of the Patrons of the ArtsArts

Art Patrons were often Art Patrons were often painted into the works painted into the works they commissionedthey commissioned

The donors (patrons) of Masaccio's painting Holy Trinity (1427 AD)

Page 13: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

Scientific RevolutionScientific RevolutionCopernicus and GalileoCopernicus and Galileo

The Scientific Method The Scientific Method

Focus Empirical Evidence Focus Empirical Evidence

Aristotle's LogicAristotle's Logic

Page 14: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationChanges that led to the RenaissanceChanges that led to the Renaissance

Religious Authority Religious Authority QuestionedQuestioned

Abusive Authority of the Abusive Authority of the ChurchChurch

Indulgences Indulgences

Increased Papal Authority Increased Papal Authority and Abusesand Abuses

Nepotism Nepotism

Pope Alexander VI

Page 15: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:

Focus on this WorldFocus on this World

Early Medieval Painting of the Death of Christ

High Renaissance Painting of the Death of Christ 1507 by Raphael

Page 16: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

Key Themes & Ideas of the Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Renaissance:HumanismHumanism

Page 17: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:

Appearance vs. RealityAppearance vs. Reality

Page 18: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:

Greeks & RomansGreeks & Romans

Page 19: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationKey Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:Key Themes & Ideas of the Renaissance:

ReformationReformation

Martin Luther John Calvin

Page 20: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

1401 Competition 1401 Competition for Baptistry Doors for Baptistry Doors in Florence, Italyin Florence, ItalyLorenzo Ghiberti and Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi Filippo Brunelleschi asked to make a asked to make a sample panel for the sample panel for the doors in bronzedoors in bronze

Page 21: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Competition Panels: Sacrifice of IsaacCompetition Panels: Sacrifice of Isaac

Filippo Brunelleschi's Panel Lorenzo Ghiberti's Panel

Page 22: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt: Art: Ghiberti WonGhiberti Won

Page 23: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

PaintingPaintingFrescoFresco - pigment - pigment mixed with water on a mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, thin layer of wet, fresh, plasterfresh, plasterFresco means “fresh”Fresco means “fresh”

Page 24: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

PaintingPainting

TemperaTempera – mixed dry – mixed dry powdered pigments into powdered pigments into a binding agent or a binding agent or medium, such as egg, medium, such as egg, glue, honey, water, milkglue, honey, water, milk

Page 25: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

PaintingPainting

Oil Oil - painting with - painting with pigments that are bound pigments that are bound with a medium of drying with a medium of drying oiloil

Page 26: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Painting: Giotto Painting: Giotto (1266–1337)(1266–1337)

1310 - Ognissanti Madonna - Fresco

Page 27: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

ArtArtPainting: Giotto Painting: Giotto

(1266–1337)(1266–1337)

1305 –1305 – Flight to Egypt Flight to Egypt - - FrescoFresco

Page 28: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Painting: Giotto (1266–1337)Painting: Giotto (1266–1337)

1305 – Kiss of Judas - Fresco

Page 29: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)

1425 - The Tribute Money - Fresco

Page 30: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)Painting: Masaccio (1401-1428)

1426-271426-27Expulsion from the GardenExpulsion from the GardenFrescoFresco 1427 - Holy Trinity

Page 31: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)

1482 – Primavera - Tempera on Panel

Page 32: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArtArt

Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)

1483 – Venus and Mars - Tempera on Panel

Page 33: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)Painting: Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)

1486 – The Birth of Venus - Tempera on Panel

Page 34: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)

1512 – Self Portrait

Page 35: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1505-08 – Madonna of the Rocks

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)

Page 36: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1498 – The Last Supper

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)

Page 37: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1503-05 – Mona Lisa

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)

Page 38: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1508-12 – Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting:

Michelangelo (1475-1564)Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Page 39: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1508-12 – Creation of Man

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Page 40: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1508-12 – The Fall and Expulsion

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Page 41: Western Civilization Lecture 4

The Holy Family

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)Painting: Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Page 42: Western Civilization Lecture 4

The Last Judgement

Western Western CivilizationCivilizationArt Art Painting: Painting: Michelangelo Michelangelo (1475-1564)(1475-1564)

Page 43: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1499-1502The Resurrection of Christ

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

Art Art Painting: Painting: Raphael Raphael

(1483-1520)(1483-1520)

Page 44: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1507The Deposition of Christ

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

Art Art Painting: Painting: Raphael Raphael

(1483-1520)(1483-1520)

Page 45: Western Civilization Lecture 4

1514Portrait of Bindo Altoviti

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

Art Art Painting: Painting: Raphael Raphael

(1483-1520)(1483-1520)

Page 46: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art

Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition

Page 47: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt Art

Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition

Page 48: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt – Art – Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition

Page 49: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationArt – Art – Painting: Triangular CompositionPainting: Triangular Composition

Page 50: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationSculptureSculpture

1440 – DavidDonatello

1504 – DavidMichelangelo

Bronze

StoneMarble

Page 51: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

Geometry Symmetry Domes Decorated Ceilings Clear Glass Windows

Page 52: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

GeometryGeometryExploration of Exploration of shapes and lines in shapes and lines in buildingsbuildings

Page 53: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

SymmetrySymmetryLeft and Right sides Left and Right sides of buildings were of buildings were often mirror often mirror images of each images of each other other

Page 54: Western Civilization Lecture 4

SymmetrySymmetry

Page 55: Western Civilization Lecture 4

SymmetrySymmetry

Page 56: Western Civilization Lecture 4

SymmetrySymmetry

Not only was the Not only was the facade (front of the facade (front of the building) building) symmetrical, but symmetrical, but often the entire often the entire building was building was symmetricalsymmetrical

Page 57: Western Civilization Lecture 4

SymmetrySymmetry

Page 58: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

DomesDomesDome shape roofs Dome shape roofs

appear oftenappear oftenDirect influence by Direct influence by

Islamic Golden Age Islamic Golden Age ArchitectureArchitecture

Page 59: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Renaissance DomesRenaissance Domes

Page 60: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

Decorated CeilingsDecorated CeilingsSimilar to Islamic Similar to Islamic Mosques, Renaissance Mosques, Renaissance buildings displayed buildings displayed artistic designs and artistic designs and paintings on their paintings on their ceilingsceilings

Page 61: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Decorated CeilingsDecorated Ceilings

Page 62: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Decorated CeilingsDecorated Ceilings

Page 63: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Decorated Decorated CeilingsCeilings

Page 64: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Decorated CeilingsDecorated Ceilings

Page 65: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

Clear Glass WindowsClear Glass WindowsMedieval widows were often stained glass. Medieval widows were often stained glass. Renaissance buildings often use many clear glass Renaissance buildings often use many clear glass window to bring lots of light into the building window to bring lots of light into the building

Page 66: Western Civilization Lecture 4

Clear Glass WindowsClear Glass WindowsRenaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture