Putting the L in frontVon Open Data zu Linked Open Data Vorteile & Potentiale der Vernetzung offener Daten28.11. 2011, AGEO-Veranstaltung: Open(Geo)GovernmentData, Wien

Martin Kaltenböck

These slides are published under : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

@semwebcompany@OGDAustria@lod2project

Open Government (Data)

Eine kurze Einführung

Grafik: openchandler.org

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Open Government ist spätestens seit der 'Transparency Directive' von US Präsident Barack Obama, kurz nach seinem Amtsantritt im Jänner 2009, im Bereich eGovernment ein weltweit bedeutendes Thema!

Hier wird eine moderne Zusammenarbeit von Politik, Verwaltung, Zivilgesellschaft und Wirtschaft postuliert, mit den Zielen:

• Transparenz zu fördern• Partizipation und • Kollaboration zu ermöglichen

Teilbereich von Open Government = Open Government Data

Was ist Open Government?

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Lucke & Geiger (Zeppelin Universität)Offene Verwaltungsdaten sind jene Datenbestände des öffentlichen Sektors, die von Staat und Verwaltung im Interesse der Allgemeinheit ohne jedwede Einschränkung zur freien Nutzung, zur Weiterverbreitung und zur freien Weiterverwendung frei zugänglich gemacht werden.

OKFO – Open Knowledge Forum ÖsterreichOpen Government Data is a worldwide movement to open data (& information/content) of the government / public administration* - that is NOT personal (individual related) – in human- AND maschine-readable open (non proprietary) formats for re-use (by civil society, economy, media, academia AND politics & public administration itsself)!

* ….. data and information produced or commissioned by government or government controlled entities

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1. Vollständigkeit Alle öffentlichen Daten werden verfügbar gemacht. Als Öffentliche Daten werden hierbei Daten verstanden, die nicht berechtigten Datenschutz-, Sicherheits- oder Zugangsbeschränkungen unterliegen.

2. PrimärquelleDie Daten werden an ihrem Ursprung gesammelt. Dies geschieht mit dem höchstmöglichen Feinheitsgrad, nicht in aggregierten oder sonst wie modifizierten Formaten.

3. ZeitnahDaten werden so zügig, wie zur Werterhaltung, notwendig zur Verfügung gestellt.

4. Leichter ZugangDer Zugang zu Daten soll so leicht wie möglich sein (z.B.: Angebot von Formaten, APIs etc).

5. MaschinenlesbarDaten werden zur automatisierten Verarbeitung strukturiert zur Verfügung gestellt.

6. Nicht diskriminierendDaten sind für ALLE verfügbar, ohne dass z.B. eine Registrierung notwendig ist.

7. Nicht proprietärDaten werden in standardisierten Formaten bereit gestellt, über die keine juristische Person die alleinige Kontrolle hat.

8. LizenzfreiDaten unterliegen keinem Urheberrecht, Patenten, Markenzeichen oder Geschäftsgeheimnissen. Sinnvolle Datenschutz-, Sicherheits- und Zugangsbeschränkungen sind zulässig.

Die Einhaltung dieser Prinzipien ist überprüfbar.PLUS: Sunlight Foundation, August 2010: 9) Dauerhaftigkeit / Stetigkeit & 10) Nutzungskosten

8 Prinzipien von Open Government Data

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20. 10. 2011, OGD Camp 2011 Warsaw - http://blogs.ec.europa.eu/neelie-kroes/tag/open-data/

I’ve said before that I’m a big fan of open data. Opening up public data will get citizens involved in society and political life, increase the transparency of public administration, and improve public decision making. Those benefits cannot be overestimated. And public data can be used in many unexpected ways, too: as the father of the Internet, Tim Berners-Lee, put it: “if people put data onto the web… it will be used by other people to do wonderful things in ways that they never would have imagined”.

There’s a huge amount of money here, and a huge amount of opportunity. I want to see Europe at the forefront of this development. So I’m going to be taking action to open up Europe’s public sector, by promoting creative and innovative re-use of public data.

Open Government Data in Europa

Von Open Datazu

Linked Open Data

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Was ist wichtig, wenn man über ‚OGD in Use‘ spricht?•Interoperabilität, um einfache & breite Nutzung zu gewährleisten•Menschen UND Maschinenlesbare Daten & Metadaten•In OFFENEN Formaten•Für eine rasche, einfache und kostensparende Datenintegration•Um Effekte auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu generieren: lokal – regional – national – EU weit & weltweit

Für verschiedene Zielgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Interessen!•Öffentliche Verwaltung (auch für interne Verwendung!!)•Politiker & Entscheidungsträger•Bürgerinnen & Bürger (Citizen Analysts)•Wirtschaft & Industrie (Datenintegration, -anreicherung, APPs)•(Daten) Journalismus, Medien & Verlage•Wissenschaft & Bildung

OGD in Use: Was ist wichtig & für Wen?!

5 Stars for Open Data by Tim Berners Lee

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The Evolution of the Internet

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• Give things an URI!• Use RDF for Publishing!• Link your Data to other Data (as well as the data models)!• Provide a Standard-API on top

•Provide an API!

•Organise Data!•License Data!•Raw Data now!

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Publish Data!

Use Web-Technologies

Use Linked Data!• The web is an Ecosystem• Networked Data creates Network Effects• Lowers Costs of Data Integration

Von Open Data zu Linked Open Data

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Data Integration on User Level and Application Level

The Idea of Hyperdata

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Integration on Data Level

Application and/or API

The Idea of Hyperdata

Die gute Nachricht – die LOD Cloud

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http://bit.ly/d37p4i

~20 bio. triples

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CC-BY-SA von campuspartybrasil (flickr)

Linked Data realizes the vision of evolving the Web into a global data commons, allowing applications to operate on top of an unbounded set of data sources, via standardised access mechanisms.

I expect that Linked Data will enable a significant evolutionary step in leading the Web to its full potential.

The Vision of the new Internet

Also take the Metadata into account!

Towards Open Government Metadata (Sept 2010)

In the EU eGovernment Action Plan semantic interoperability is mentioned “…as an essential precondition for open, flexible delivery of eGovernment services”.

Metadata IgnorancePublic administrations should become aware of the importance of Metadata in eGovernment and the need for coherent relevant management policies.

Scattered or Closed MetadataPublic administrations should organize the scattered Metadata in structured repositories,catalogues or libraries and provide open access to the collected resources.

Open Metadata for Humans & Open Reuseable MetadataPublic administrations should provide services to query, browse and export their Metadata in amachine-readable and preferably non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV, XML).

Linked Open MetadataPublic administrations should consider applying linked metadata policies, including use of RDFto document their Metadata, persistent design, use and maintenance of URIs, linking toexternal vocabularies/schemata, harmonize their resources to third parties' resources etc.

http://www.semic.eu/semic/view/documents/towards_open_government_metadata.pdf

Linked Open Data benefits & LOD in use

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Interoperabilty & Standards

Henry Maudslay (1771 – 1831)

He also developed the first industrially practical screw-cutting lathe in 1800, allowing standardisation of screw thread sizes for the first time. This allowed the concept of interchangeability (a idea that was already taking hold) to be practically applied to nuts and bolts. Before this, all nuts and bolts had to be made as matching pairs only. This meant that when machines were disassembled, careful account had to be kept of the matching nuts and bolts ready for when reassembly took place.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Maudslay

John Sheridan, OGD2011 Conference, Vienna, Austria: http://www.slideshare.net/semwebcompany/linking-uk-government-data-john-sheridan/

Misconceptions about Linked Open Data

• All of us have to use ONE schema

• Everything needs to be switched to RDF

• We all have to learn SPARQL, there are no standard (web) APIs

• LOD is a pure academic approach

• LOD can only be used by Semantic Web experts

• We have to change our data integration & -management approaches 19

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• Enables web-scale data publishing - distributed publication with web-based discovery mechanisms

• Everything is a resource – follow your nose to discover more about properties, classes, or codes within a code list

• Everything can be annotated - make comments about observations, data series, points on a map

• Easy to extend - create new properties as required, no need to plan everything up-front

• Easy to merge - slot together RDF graphs, no need to worry about name clashes

• Easy use and re-use on top of common schemas AND schema mapping

• Allows complex querying of several distributed data sources & systems

The Power of Linked Open Data

• Less replication (offering same datasets in different places)

• Encouragement to re-use existing datasets

• Clear which datasets are providing similar / same information

• More innovation because datasets can be put in a new context and lead to interesting applications

• Put information in context and thereby create knowledge

The Benefits of Linked Open Data

Linked Open Data as a ‚national digital infrastructure‘

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LONDON

VIENNA

UK

BERLIN

AUSTRIA

SCHOOLS PISA-RESULTS

PUBLIC BUILDINGS

SUPERINTENDENT‘S REPORT

TYPES OF SCHOOLS

PRIV. RANKING

TYPES OF SCHOOLS

SCHOOLS

SCHOOLS

SCHOOL FEES

EDU STATISTICS

START A CATALOGUE

RELEASE DATASETS

GIVE THEM A URI

LINK THEM

MAP IT

DEMOGRAPHIC

BUDGET

Linked Open Data in the Intranet

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http://bit.ly/21LmMA

Cost of Data Integration – 2 Approaches

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Source: Price Waterhouse Coopers – Technology Forecast, Spring 2009

Can we afford to mash the data

with ours?

Can we afford to mash the data

with ours?

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LOD – Huge Economic Potentials

http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/big_data/index.asp

Data have swept into every industry and business function and are now an important factor of production, alongside labor and capital.

Harnessing big data in the public sector has enormous potential, too. If US health care were to use big data creatively and effectively to drive efficiency and quality, the sector could create more than $300 billion in value every year. Two-thirds of that would be in the form of reducing US health care expenditure by about 8 percent.

In the developed economies of Europe, government administrators could save more than €100 billion ($149 billion) in operational efficiency improvements alone by using big data, not including using big data to reduce fraud and errors and boost the collection of tax revenues.

And users of services enabled by personal location data could capture $600 billion in consumer surplus.

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Benefit for Developers: APIs

Students 2010/2011 in cities &

communities by school types

Places sorted by city & community numbers

and postal codes

getNumberStudents(PostalCode)

Postal Code: GO

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Benefit for Developers: LOD

Students 2010/2011 in cities

& communities and by school

types

Places sorted by city & community numbers and by

postal codes

getNumberStudents(PostalCode)

Geoname

s

accident frequency

2010/2011 by cities &

communities

OSM

© Semantic Web Company – http://www.semantic-web.at/ 29

Where is the Semantic Web used? Under the hood of lots of products!

Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data

Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data

Research focus

•Very large RDF data management•Enrichment & Interlinking•Fusion & Information Quality•Adaptive User Interfaces

3 Use Cases

•Media & Publishing•Linked Enterprise Data•Open Government Data

15 Partners of 12 countries

•University of Leipzig, Germany•DERI Galway, Ireland•FU Berlin, Germany•Semantic Web Company, Austria•OpenLink Software, UK•TenForce, Belgium•Exalead, France•Wolters Kluwer, Germany•Open Knowledge Foundation, UK•CWI, Netherlands•Zemanta, Slovenia•University of Economics, Czech Republic•Instytut Informatyki Gospodarczej, Poland•MP: Institute Mihajlo Pupin, Serbia•KAIST, Korea

LOD2 in a Nutshell

ObjectiveApplying Linked Data technologies in an enterprise stack to support Human Resources (HR) related issues.ENTERPRISE

APPLICATIONS

Exalead, France

MEDIA&

PUBLISHING

Wolters KluwerGermany

LINKED OPEN GOVERNMENT

DATA

Open Knowledge Foundation, UK

ObjectiveImproving accessibility, findability and reusability of Open Government Datapublicdata.eu

ObjectiveSupporting content-related production workflows in the media & publishing industry.

3 Use Cases of LOD(2) in Use

Free to Use: The LOD2 Stack

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1st release of the LOD2 stack available at: http://stack.lod2.euIntegrated distribution of aligned tools which support the life-cycle of Linked Data from The LOD2 Stack also makes use of dataset metadata repositories such as thedatahub.org and http://publicdata.eu.

Online demo athttp://demo.lod2.eu/lod2demo.

Virtual machine imagehttp://stack.lod2.eu/VirtualMachines/

Details & instructionsHOWTO Start document

LOD2: Outreach & Information

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LOD2 Webinar Series: The LOD2 Stack: 29.11. 2011, 04.00pm CEThttp://lod2.eventbrite.com/

Publink LOD Consulting Service – 2nd Call opens November 2011http://lod2.eu/Article/Call_2011.html

Where you can find all informationWebsite: http://lod2.euWeblog: http://blog.lod2.eu Twitter: http://twitter.com/lod2projectMailing List: lod2@lists.okfn.org SlideShare: http://www.slideshare.net/lod2project

Remark: please use #lod2 on twitter to referr & connect with: @lod2project Many thanks in advance!! AND: #lod2stack in use now!

OGD – Ausblick, Events, Infos

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AGEO 2011, Open(Geo)GovernmentData, 28.11. 2011http://www.ageo.at/anmeldung

gov2.0 camp Wien, 02.12. 2011http://www.barcamp.at/Gov2.0camp_Vienna_2011

Open Data & Business Event (LOD2), ~21./22.03. 2012, WienInfos in Kürze: http://blog.lod2.eu

ePSIplatform Konferenz 2012, April 2012Infos in Kürze: http://epsiplatform.eu/

Infos & Mailinglisten:Linked Open Data (EN): http://lists.okfn.org/mailman/listinfo/lod2

Open Data & Business (EN): http://lists.okfn.org/mailman/listinfo/ogd-business

OKFO / OGD Austria (DE): http://opendata.at/okfo

Infos & Kontakt

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Martin Kaltenböck, CMCSemantic Web Company GmbH (SWC)

Lerchenfelder Gürtel 43A-1160 Wien

Semantic Web Company (SWC)

Webhttp://www.semantic-web.athttp://blog.semantic-web.at

m.kaltenboeck@semantic-web.at

Phone: +43-1-402 12 35–25

Open Government Data OGD Austria

Austrian Chapter of the OKFN

Webhttp://gov.opendata.at

LOD2Creating Knowledge out

of Interlinked Data

Webhttp://www.lod2.euBloghttp://blog.lod2.eu