1. "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of
subject nor in exact truth, but in a way of feeling." --Charles
Baudelaire (1821-1867)
2. ROMANTICISM Romantic era or the Romantic period
3. originated in the 18th Century in Western Europe. was an
intellectual movement that influenced many works was prepared by a
literary transitional movement from Enlightenment, called
pre-romanticism it passed through different stages that were
specific for the diverse regions of Europe
4. In the visual arts romanticism is used to refer loosely to a
trend that appears at any time, and specifically to the art of the
early 19th cent. Nineteenth-century romanticism was marked by the
avoidance of classical forms and rules, emphasis on the emotional
and spiritual, representation of the unattainable ideal, nostalgia
for the grace of past ages, and a preference for exotic themes.
Romantic artists developed clear-cut techniques so as to produce
specific associations in the mind of the viewer. To convey verbal
concepts they would, for example, endow inanimate objects with
human values (e.g., the wild trees and shimmery moonlight used in
the paintings of Caspar David Friedrich to suggest an infinity of
human longing, the weltschmerz of his time). The result was often
sentimental or ludicrous. In the case of Delacroix however, his
painterly style and color sense exalted the romantic attitude in a
singularly effective fashion. In England landscape gardening was
used to express the romantic aesthetic by means of deliberate
imitation of the picturesque in nature. In architecture Wyatts
preposterous, mock medieval Font hill Abbey displayed the romantic
building style in extreme form. The host of lesser artists of the
romantic tradition included the French Gricault the Swiss-English
Henry Fuseli, the Swiss Arnold Bcklin, the English Pre-Raphaelites,
the German Nazarenes, and the American artists of the Hudson River
school.
5. LANDSCAPE GARDENING WAS USED TO EXPRESS THE ROMANTIC
AESTHETIC SENSE
6. Francisco de Goya's work explored madness and oppression,
while Caspar David Friedrich found endless inspiration in moonlight
and fog.
7. ROMANTIC LITERARY AND VISUAL ARTISTS
8. VISUAL ARTISTS ASSOCIATED WITH ROMANTICISM Antoine-Louis
Barye William Blake Theodore Chasseriou John Constable John Sell
Cotman John Robert Cozens Eugene Delacroix Paul Delaroche Asher
Brown Durand Caspar David Friedrich Theodore Gericault Anne-Louis
Girodet Thomas Girlin Francisco de Goya William Morris Hunt Edwin
Landseer Thomas Lawrence Samuel Palmer Pierre-Paul Prudhon Francois
Rude John Ruskin J.M.W.Turner Horace Vernet Franz Xavier
Winterhatt
9. Romantic visual and literary artists glorified the things
which were hardly ever physical. They glorified huge, complex
concepts such as liberty, survival, ideals, hope, awe, heroism,
despair, and the various sensations that nature evokes in humans.
All of these are felt not only on an individual but highly
subjective level.
10. EUGENE DELACROIX French painter Noted for use of color
which influenced later impressionism movement Was influenced by
English painter John Constable and English poet Lord Byron
Illustrated a French edition of Goethe's Faust
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Born: 1798 Died: 1863
11. La Libert Guidant Le Peuple, (90 Kb); Painted on 28 July
1830, to commemorate the July Revolution that had just brought
Louis-Philippe to the French throne; Louvre. The Barque of Dante,
1822 (150 Kb); Oil on canvas, 189 x 242 cm (74 1/2 x 95 1/4");
Musee du Louvre, Paris Combat of Giaour and Hassan, 1826 (80 Kb);
Oil on canvas; Art Institute of Chicago The Death of Sardanapal,
1827 (130 Kb); Oil on canvas, 392 x 496 cm; Musee du Louvre,
Paris
12. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Portrait of Napolon
Bonaparte, The First Consul. 1804
13. Portrait of Madame Duvauay. 1807. Jean-Auguste-Dominique
Ingres. The Songs of Ossian
14. HENRY FUSELI Born: 1741 Died: 1825 Swiss born painter,
draughtsman, and writer on art Writings include: Lectures on
Painting(1801) Translation of Winckelmann's Reflections on the
Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks(1765)
15. Lady Macbeth, 1784 (30 Kb); Oil on canvas; Louvre Macbeth
and the Witches, (20 Kb); Oil on canvas; Petworth House at Sussex,
England Perseus Returning the Eye of the Graii, (60 Kb); Pen; City
Art Gallery at Birmingham, England
16. Joseph Mallord William Turner Biographical Info Born: 1775
Died: 1851 One of the founders of English watercolor landscape
paintingInstead of merely recording factually what he saw, Turner
translated scenes into a light-filled expression of his own
romantic feelings Landscape with Distant River and Bay, Oil on
canvas (100 Kb), 94 x 124 cm (37 x 49"); Musee du Louvre, Paris
Snowstorm, 1842 (220 Kb); Oil on canvas, 91.5 x 122 cm (36 x 48 in)
Rain, Steam, and Speed: The Great Western Railway, 1844
17. George Walker (English Painter) Biographical Info Born:
1781 Died: 1856 Wensley Dale Knitters, (1814) Middleton Colliery,
(1814) First ever painting of a locomotive
18. PORTRAIT OF A KLEPTOMANIAC
19. John Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare 1781
20. Thomas Jones, The Bard, 1774, a prophetic combination of
Romanticism and nationalism by the Welsh artist.
21. Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson , Ossian receiving the
Ghosts of the French Heroes, 180002
22. The Charging Chasseur Thodore Gericault (17911824):
23. THE RAFT OF THE MEDUS of 1821, remains the greatest
achievement of the Romantic history painting, which in its day had
a powerful anti-
24. The Voyage of Life: Childhood Artist : Thomas Cole Date:
1842
25. The Voyage of Life: Youth Artist : Thomas Cole Date:
1842
26. The Voyage of Life: Manhood Artist : Thomas Cole Date:
1842
27. The Voyage of Life: Old Age Artist : Thomas Cole Date:
1842
28. ROMANTIC ART STYLE
29. Two Men Contemplating the Moon (1830),Alte Nationalgalerie,
Berlin. By the German Romantic painter,Caspar David Friedrich
30. The Lady of Shalott (1888),Tate Collection, London by John
William Waterhouse.
31. In the visual arts romanticism is used to refer loosely to
a trend that appears at any time, and specifically to the art of
the early 19th century. Nineteenth-century romanticism was
characterized by the avoidance of classical forms and rules,
emphasis on the emotional and spiritual, representation of the
unattainable ideal, nostalgia for the grace of past ages, and a
predilection for Exotic themes.
32. Romantic artists developed precise techniques in order to
produce specific associations in themind of the viewer. To convey
verbal concepts they would, for example, endow inanimate objects
with human values (e.g., the wild trees and shimmery moonlight used
in the paintings of Caspar David Friedrich to suggest an infinity
of human longing, the weltschmerz of his time). The result was
often sentimental or ludicrous. In the case of Delacroix, however,
his painterly style and color sense exalted the romantic attitude
in a singularly effective fashion. In England landscape gardening
was used to express the romantic aesthetic by means of deliberate
imitation of the picturesque in nature. In architecture Wyatt's
preposterous, mock medieval Fonthill Abbey displayed the romantic
building style in extreme form. The host of lesser artists of the
romantic tradition included the French Gricault, the Swiss-English
Henry Fuseli, the Swiss Arnold Bcklin, the English Pre-Raphaelites,
the German Nazarenes, and the American artists of the Hudson River
school.
33. When was the romantic style of art popular ? The Romantic
Movement started at the end of the 1700s and reached its peak in
the early 1800s. It marked the end of the Baroque movement which
was followed by Realism.
34. MUSIC IN THE ROMANTIC ERA
35. ROMANTICISM IN MUSIC
36. MUSIC HISTORY : THE ROMANTIC ERA In music, the nineteenth
century witnessed the birth of new genres such as the program
symphony, pioneered by Beethoven and now developed by Hector
Berlioz; its off-shoot, the symphonic poem was developed by Franz
Liszt; the concert overture, examples of which were composed by
Felix Mendelssohn ; and short, expressive piano pieces written for
the bourgeois salons of Europe by Robert Schumann and Frdric
Chopin. Italian operas were composed in the Bel canto traditions,
and these led directly to the masterworks of Giuseppe Verdi while
the idea of the German music drama was established by Richard
Wagner. For inspiration, many Romantic composers turned to the
visual arts, to poetry, drama and literature, and to nature itself.
Using the classical forms of sonata and symphony as a starting
point, composers began to focus more on new melodic styles, richer
harmonies, in the pursuit of moving their audiences, rather than
adhering to the structural discipline of Classical forms. Later
composers of the nineteenth century would further build on the
forms and ideas developed by the Romantic composers.
37. Franz Liszt Hungarian composer Franz Liszt started his
career as the outstanding concert pianist of the century, who,
along with the prodigious violinist Niccol Paganini (1782-1840),
created the cult of the modern instrumental virtuoso. To exhibit
his phenomenal and unprecedented technique, Liszt composed a great
deal of music designed specifically for this purpose, resulting in
a vast amount of piano literature laden with dazzling scales,
trills, arpeggios, leaps, and other technical marvels. In this
vein, Liszt composed a series of virtuosic rhapsodies on Hungarian
gypsy melodies, the best-known being the all too familiar Hungarian
Rhapsody no. 2.
38. Felix Mendelssohn Mendelssohn was encouraged by his family
to study music and to make a career out of it. When he was
seventeen year old, he composed an overture based on Shakespeare's
"A Midsummer Night's Dream" which was so successful that some years
later he composed more music on the subject, resulting in a suite
of pieces to be used in conjunction with productions of the play.
Mendelssohn responded to nature as did most composers of the period
one of the results of nature's influence was the Fingal's Cave
Overture, also known as The Hebrides, which depicts the rocky,
wind- swept coast and ancient caverns of Scotland. Mendelssohn's
many travels also influenced two of his five symphonies, the third
in A minor, known as the "Scotch" Symphony, and his popular
Symphony no. 4 in A major, known as the "Italian" symphony, which
incorporates melodies and dances that Mendelssohn heard while
traveling in that country.
39. Robert Schumann Schumann is unique in music history as he
was one of the great composers who concentrated on one musical
genre at a time, with the bulk of his earliest compositions being
for the piano. Schumann's piano music (and later his songs) remain
supreme examples of the Romantic style of the second quarter of the
nineteenth-century. Immensely influenced by literature and poetry.
Schumann founded Die Neue Zeitschrift fr Musik (The New Journal for
Music) in 1834, and continue to be its editor for ten years. In the
pages of this publication, Schumann considerably raised the
standards of music criticism and did everything that he could do to
promote the careers of young composers such as Frdric Chopin,
Hector Berlioz, and especially Johannes Brahms, who was to become a
very close friend of Schumann.
40. Frdric Chopin Chopin's entire musical output was devoted to
his favorite instrument, the piano. His over 200 solo compositions
for the piano all demonstrate his highly individual melodic style,
and include two sets of etudes (studies), three sonatas, four
ballads, many pieces he variously titled preludes, impromptus, or
scherzos, and a great number of dances. Included among the latter
are a number of waltzes, but also a great many mazurkas and six
polonaises, both of which are dances from his native Poland. Few of
these dance pieces are among Chopin's famous works, including the
proud Polonaise in A-flat major and the haunting Waltz in C-sharp
minor. Among Chopin's most individual works are the Prludes.
Intended to serve as improvisatory beginnings to an intimate
recital, these pieces range from tender melancholy to the dramatic
utterances of the stormy Prelude in D minor. Many of Chopin's most
beautiful compositions come from the series of short, reflective
pieces he called Nocturnes. As can be heard in the Nocturne in
F-sharp, these works are usually gentle and dreamlike with a
flowing, rocking bass, and aptly demonstrate Chopin's preference
for sweet, song-like melodies, very much in the style of Italian
bel cantoopera of the period.
41. Gioacchino Rossini Producing his first opera at the age of
eighteen, Rossini composed dozens. Rossini excelled in the opera
buffa or comic opera of the day. Indeed, the music he wrote for
these comic works has been described as "the perfect distillation
of comedy into music. Whether in comic or serious opera, his vocal
style reflected the highly embellished, virtuosic melodic line
again in favor at the time. This style is apparent in the aria "Una
voce poco fa" from The Barber of Seville, widely regarded as
Rossini's masterpiece in the opera buffa genre. Italian Bel Canto
Opera Inheriting the bel canto tradition from Rossini, Donizetti's
operas are today mostly admired for their many attractive melodies
and fine ensembles. Donizetti's most famous opera is certainly
Lucia di Lammermoor which was based on a novel written by Sir
Walter Scott.
42. Romanticism in music was characterized by an emphasis on
emotion and great freedom of form. It attained its fullest
development in the works of German composers. Although elements of
romanticism are present in the music of Beethoven, Weber, and
Schubert, it reached its zenith in the works of Berlioz,
Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Liszt, and Wagner. Less totally
romantic composers usually placed in the middle period of
romanticism are Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvok, and Grieg; those grouped
in the last phase include Elgar, Puccini, Mahler, Richard Strauss,
and Sibelius. Many romantic composers, including Mendelssohn,
Schumann, Chopin, and Brahms, worked in small forms that are
flexible in structure, e.g., prelude, intermezzo, nocturne, ballad,
and cappriccio, especially in solo music for the piano. Another
romantic contribution was the art song for voice and piano, most
notably the German lied (see song). Romantic composers,
particularly Liszt, in combining music and literature, created the
symphonic poem. Berlioz also made use of literature; much of his
work is described as program music. Romantic opera began with
Weber, included the works of the Italians Rossini, Bellini,
Donizetti, and Verdi, and culminated in the work of Wagner, who
aimed at a complete synthesis of the arts in his idea of
Gesamtkunstwerk [total work of art].
43. While Tchaikovsky was inspired by a more universal
romanticism, the movement in Russia was nationalist in nature,
exemplified by the works of Mikhail Glinka. The music of the Czech
composers Bedich Smetana and Dvok and that of the Norwegian
composer Grieg also expressed romantic nationalism. Toward the end
of the 19th century interest in classical forms was revived by
Bruckner, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Franck. The end of the romantic
period--frequently described as decadent and grandiose--is often
referred to as postromanticism and is represented by the works of
Holst, Elgar, Mahler, and Richard Strauss.
44. During the Romantic period, music often took on a much more
nationalistic purpose. For example, Jean Sibelius' Finlandia has
been interpreted to represent the rising nation of Finland, which
would someday become independent from Russian control (Child 2006).
Frdric Chopin was one of the first composers to have incorporated
nationalistic elements into his compositions. Joseph Machlis
states, "Poland's struggle for freedom from tsarist rule aroused
the national poet in Poland. Examples of musical nationalism abound
in the output of the romantic era.
45. Sibelius in 1913 Jean Sibelius was a Finnish composer who
belonged to the late Romantic period. His music played an important
role in the formation of the Finnish national identity. Romantic
Nationalism was to become a crucial element in Sibelius' artistic
output and his political leanings. By the age of 15, he set his
heart upon becoming a great violin performer. Eventually, he become
quite an accomplished player of the instrument, even publicly
performing the last two movements of the Mendelssohn's Violin
Concerto in Helsinki. Like Beethoven, Sibelius used each successive
work to further develop his own personal compositional style. His
works continue to be performed regularly in the concert hall and
are often recorded. Since the year 2011, Finland has been
celebrating Flag Day on 8 December to commemorate the composer's
birthday, also known as the 'Day of Finnish Music.
46. THE END
47. BIBILIOGRAPHY 1. Encyclopdia Britannica. "''Romanticism '.
Retrieved 30 January 2008, from Encyclopdia Britannica Online"
Britannica.com. Retrieved 2010-08-24. 2. Brown, David Blaney.
Romanticism. New York; Phaidon,2001. 3.Casey, Christopher (October
30, 2008). ""Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time":
Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism 4.
Christopher J. Murray, Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 17601850
(2004) vol. 2. p 742 5. Engell, James. The Creative Imagination;
Enlightenment to Romanticism. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University
Press,1981. 6. Honour, Hugh. Romanticism New York: Fleming Honour
Ltd, 1979. 7. Ives, Colta with Elizabeth E.Barker. Romanticism
& The School of Nature (exh.cat). New Haven and New York: Yale
University Press and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. 8. Music
History 102: a Guide to Western Composers and their music Designed,
compiled and created by Robert Sherrane
48. ABOUT THE PRESENTER Ms. Dayamani Surya holds Masters Degree
in the English Literature from Osmania University, Hyderabad, Post
Graduate Certificate in Teaching of English from CIEFL, Post
Graduate Diploma in Teaching of English from CIEFL, Bachelors
degree in Science and Bachelors degree in Education. She holds
online professional certifications: Project Management Human
Resource Management Financial Accounting Management and Accounting
Business Process Outsourcing Advance Learning Certificate in
English Literature Analysis from Ireland. As a Research Associate
in the District Centre for English Scheme, Department of Training
and Development, The English and Foreign Languages University,
Hyderabad since 1 May 2007, her work focuses on administration,
curriculum development and teaching in the International Training
Programme for Foreign Students at the University. At the personal
level, she works online as a mentor, helps the scholars in their
project work, compilation of articles and papers, contributes to
the publication of articles and journals. She is interested in
writing diaries, blogs and short stories.