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VISUAL IN INSTRUCTION
Roles of Visual in Instruction
1) Provide a concrete referent for ideas - iconic i.e. more easily to be remembered as compared to words
This visual image of an apple is the referent of the word ‘apple’
Roles of Visual in Instruction
2) Motivate learners- by attracting learners’ attention and generating emotional responses
Roles of Visual in Instruction
3) Simplify information that is difficult to understand
SERIES OF DESIGN DECISION
Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement
Visual Element Verbal Element
Realistic
Analogic
Organization
Letter style
Colour
Capitals
Number of style
Size
Spacing
Alignment
Style
Balance
Shape
Colour scheme
Colour appeal
Add Appeals
Surprise
Texture
Interaction
Proximity
Directionals
Figure-ground contrast
Consistency
Roles of Visual in Instruction
4) Provide redundant channel - comprehend spoken and written information
Function of Visual Instruction
• Learner preferences and styles can effectively be addressed
Function of Visual Instruction
• Enhanced learning and retention take place through the use of visual material
Function of Visual Instruction
• Bring deeper understanding to complex subject matter
Function of Visual Instruction
• Help students focus attention
• Motivate learners
Function of Visual Instruction
• Play a vital role in education and training
Function of Visual Instruction
• In teaching, teachers have to be innovative in presenting lessons to students so that they will be clearly understood
Function of Visual Instruction
• In this regard, the use of visual as delivers aide in teaching help teachers delivers their lessons to the students in a more creative and innovative way.
Function of Visual Instruction
Goals of Visual Design
Ensure legibility
Goals of Visual Design
Reduce effort ( cognitive load)
Goals of Visual Design
Focus attention
Process of Visual Design
1) Elements – selecting the verbal/visual elements to be incorporated into display
2) Pattern – choosing an underlying pattern for the elements of the display
3) Arrangement – arranging the individual element within the underlying pattern
PROCESS OF VISUAL DESIGN
Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement
Visual Element Verbal Element
Realistic
Analogic
Organization
Letter style
Colour
Capitals
Number of style
Size
Spacing
Alignment
Style
Balance
Shape
Colour scheme
Colour appeal
Add Appeals
Surprise
Texture
Interaction
Proximity
Directionals
Figure-ground contrast
Consistency
Process of Visual Design : Elements
1) Visual elements i) Realistic
ii) Analogiciii) Organizational
Elements : Visual Elements
1) Realistic• Show the actual object under study
ABSTRACT REALISTIC
Elements : Visual Elements
1) Realistic visuals• The more realistic a visual is, the closer it
is to the original
Elements : Visual Elements
2) Analogic visuals• Convey topic by showing something else
and implying a similarity• E.g. the function of human memory with
the function of computer memory
Elements : Visual Elements
3) Organizational visuals• Such as flowcharts, graphs, maps,
classification charts
Elements : Verbal Elements
1) Letter style• It should be consistent and harmonize with
the other visual elements • Straightforward and plain style
Example: Arial Arial Arial Arial
Elements : Verbal Elements
2) Number of lettering styles• Not more than 2 different type styles• Limit variations (bold, italic, underline, size
changes) to four
Elements : Verbal Elements
3) Capitals• Use lowercase letters• Adding capitals when it is necessary• Headlines can be in capitals but not more
than 3 words
Elements : Verbal Elements
4) Colour of lettering• The lettering colour should contrast with
the background colour• Think about your audience..
Elements : Verbal Elements
5) Size of lettering• Rule of thumb: make lower case letters ½
inch high for each 10 feet of viewer distance
Elements : Verbal Elements
6) Spacing between letters• Consider ‘optical spacing’• Estimating approximately equal amounts
of with space between letters
L A B W O R K
Elements : Verbal Elements
7) Spacing between lines• Letters should be not too cramped or too
widely separate• Text is most legible when separation is
11/2 times average letter height
Elements : Elements that add appeals
1) Surprise• Think unusual metaphor, a dramatic
change of size
2) Texture• Use 3 dimensional visuals (if possible)• It can convey clearer idea
Elements : Elements that add appeals
3) Interaction• R of the ASSURE MODEL• Ask learners to respond visual displays by
manipulating materials on the display
Process of Visual Design : Pattern
1) Alignment2) Shape3) Balance4) Style5) Colour scheme6) Colour appeal
Process of Visual Design : Pattern
1) Alignment• Balance alignment• Same imaginary horizontal and vertical
line• Viewer expend little effort making sense
out of what they are seeing
Process of Visual Design : Pattern
2) Shape• Put and arrange visual into shape that
familiar to learner• Simple geometric figure – circle, rectangle• Consider of the ‘Rule Of Thirds’
Rule of Thirds
• Place your important elements where these lines intersect • Good places to put things; third of the way up, third of the way in from the left • Duff places to put things; right in the middle, right at the top, right at the bottom, away in the corner
Process of Visual Design : Pattern
3) Balance• The ‘weight’ of the elements in a display is
equally distributed either horizontally or vertically
Process of Visual Design : Pattern
4) Style• Simple, uncluttered• Primary colour for children• Realistic colour for adult
Process of Visual Design : Pattern
5) Colour scheme• Consider the harmoniousness of the
colour – color wheel
6) Colour appeal • Consider ‘warm’ and ‘cool’ colour• Warm colour – active learner, children• Cool colour – thoughtful learner, adult• Consider cultural basis
Complimentary colours: any two coloursthat lie directly opposite each other
Analogous colours: colours that lie next to each other
Complimentary and Analogous colours may form pleasing combinations when used together in a display
The Colour Wheel
• Use cool colour for background• Highlight important cues in warm colour such as red and orange
Process of Visual Design : Arrangement
1) Proximity• Element that close to each other are
related and vice versa
2) Directionals• Can be used to direct attention• Eye movement pattern• E.g. arrow, bold, ‘bullet’
Process of Visual Design : Arrangement
3) Figure-ground contrast• Wording should contrast to the
background
4) Consistency• Consistent in the arrangement of the
elements• Place similar element in similar location• Use same text for headlines