Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

Chapter 1

By Geonyzl L. Alviola

Comparative Vertebrate Morphology

Deals with anatomy and its significance We use “COMPARISON” as a tool. Emphasize the functional and evolutionary

themes. For example:

two types of tail shapes among fishes

As we compare.......

What we notice? …..D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

After observing the D __________

Whats next....?

We asked WHY?

Lets explain the situation....

Comparison of parts highlights these differences and help us to pose a question.

Functional analysis helps answer our question and give us better understanding of animal design.

Why does an elephant had a cylindrical limbs?

Comparative analysis

Could be used in historical or nonhistorical context

Historical – we refer to evolutionary event.

Nonhistorical – refers to the outside look and usually extrapolative (process of estimating)

used in testable predictions.

Historical Predecessors

Anaximander

Developed ideas about the course of change from fishlike and scaly animals to land forms.

Empedocles

He made argument that creatures who came together in practicalways to survive

Acient Egyptians

They had the basic knowledge on internal anatomies of humans, cats and other animals because they mummified these animals.

Aristotle

Describe and classified bout 540 animals

Galen

Assembled anatomical writings based on dissection of Apes.

Leonardo Da Vinci

Drawn perfect figures of man in his arts.

Andreas Vesalius

Published De Humani Corporis Fabrica

Corrected the work of Galen

Pierre Belon

Published the illustration of a human and bird skeleton showing

The basic archetype of an animal is in the mind of the Creator

William Harvey

He specialized the circulatory system

Dissected the animals and advocated the study of comparative anatomy

Nehemiah Grew

Plant physiologist and he first used the term “comparative anatomy”

Cael von Linne

Binomial system of naming

Published the Systema Naturae

Believed that organism do not change

Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton

Compared the anatomies of animals

Louis Agassiz

He studied fossil of fishes and first to recognize evidene of worldwide ice ages.

Published Natural Theology

Evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity Collected from the Appreance of Nature

Jean-Baptiste De Lamarck

Published the Philosophie Zoologique

Discussed the 3 issues of evolution

fact

course

mechanism

FACT – species change through time

COURSE – progressive changes in species along an ascending scale, from the lowest to the simplest to the most complex

MECHANISM – need itself produces heritable evolutionary changes- when environment or behavior changed, an animal developed new needs to meet the demands of the environment.

George Frederic Dagobert Cuvier

Have the same belief with Linne

That animals do not change.

The efficient design fo each animal is evidence that it could not have changed since creation.

Published

- Historie Naturelle des Poisons (natural history of fishes)

The founder of comparative anatomy

Alfred Russel Wallace

Survival to the fittest He observe that the

human population increases faster than food to correspond with Darwin.

Charles Darwin

Natural Selection Books:

- On the Origin of Species

- The Descent of Man

Richard Owen

Published the 3rd edition of comparative anatomy

Thomas Huxley

Darwin' bulldog One of the people who

oppose Darwin's theory

Karl Ernst Von Baer

Paper on the Origin of the Mammalian Egg and Man

On The Development of Animals

Research into the Development of fishes

Karl Heinrich Heackel

Contribute the knowledge of the three germ layers

Biogenetic Law

that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny—i.e., the development of the animal embryo and young traces the evolutionary development of the species.