MAHARASHTRAWEST

REGIONS OF MAHARASHTRA

CLIMATIC ZONES OF MAHARASHTRA

WARM AND HUMID CLIMATESUMMER• MARCH TO MAY• TEMPERATURE-26OC-36OC

RAINY• JULY TO SEPTEMBER• AVERAGE RAINFALL- 700-800MM• RAIN DECREASES FROM JUNE TO SEPTEMBER

WINTER• NOVEMBER TO FEBRUARY• TEMPERATURE-20OC-30OC• COOL DRY WEATHER, CLEAR SKIES

CHARACTERISTICS OF DESIGN WITH RESPECT TO CLIMATE• SLOPING ROOF- DRAIN WATER, SUNLIGHT REFLECTION, VENTILATION• BAFFLE WALLS TO DIVERT FLOW OF WIND

• CROSS VENTILATION-MINIMIZE HIGH DAY TEMPERATURE• VEGETATION IN SURROUNDINGS-MODERATE SOLAR IMPACT

SOURCE: dnr.Louisiana.gov greenyflat.com.au

WHAT IS VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE?• PURE RESPONSE TO A PARTICULAR PERSON’S OR SOCIETY’S BUILDING

NEEDS• BUILDING METHODS-TESTED THROUGH TRIAL AND ERROR BY

SOCIETY-TILL PERFECTION IS ACHIEVED• TAILORED TO CLIMATIC, AESTHETIC, FUNCTIONAL, SOCIOLOGICAL

NEEDS OF THEIR GIVEN SOCIETY• SIMPLY…IT IS ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS

EXAMPLES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN MAHARASHTRA GONDIA (NAGPUR)

• The houses varied from small single storied mud structures to three or even more.

• Spaces are arranged about a central space which is the main bedroom.

• The plan is a rough 7x7 grid.

• The wall thicknesses vary from 1m and downwards.

WADA

• The traditional residence in Maharashtra was called the wada.

• A wada was typically a large building of two or more storey with groups of rooms arranged around open courtyards.

Two types of wadas:• Mostly for the middle class

families• Mostly owned by the

richer class

WADA IS THE EXAMPLE OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN WESTERN MAHARSHTRA

KONKAN DESH KHANDESH MARATHWADA VIDARBHA

GARHI/RAJWADA GARHI/RAJWADA

NOBLEMENS WADA

NOBLEMENS WADA

NOBLEMENS WADA

NOBLEMENS WADA NOBLEMENS WADA

ORDINARY WADA

ORDINARY WADA ORDINARY WADA

ORDINARY WADA ORDINARY WADA

WADAS OF MERCHANT

WADAS OF MERCHANT

WADAS OF MERCHANT

WADAS OF MERCHANT

WADAS OF MERCHANT

TEMPLE WADA

GHAT WADA AND TEMPLE COMPLEX

GHAT WADA AND TEMPLE COMPLEX

TENEMENT WADA

MUSLIM WADA

REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION

LEGEND

GARHI/RAJWADA

NOBLEMENS WADA

ORDINARY WADA

WADAS OF MERCHANT

TEMPLE WADA

GHAT WADA AND TEMPLE COMPLEX

TENEMENT WADA

MUSLIM WADA

TYPICAL WADA PLAN• Courtyard- climatological function

provides – light and ventilation through the house

• Also serves as - convective thermostat, moderating extreme diurnal variations in temperature

• Therefore Courtyards -usually sufficiently narrow-allow for a shaded area that provides protection during summer - wide enough to receive winter wind.

• Courtyard is an omnipresent feature1. Open quadrangle formed the

chowk2. A pillared, semi-open corridor

called sopa formed the intermediate layer around chowk

3. Rooms beyond constitute the built form

TYPES OF WADAS

TYPICAL WADA• BRICK, STONE AND MORTAR STR. BUILT

UPON STONE FOUNDATION

• PLINTH – 4 - 6 FEET IN LENGTH & UPTO 4M IN HEIGHT ; BUILT WITH DRESSED SANDSTONEE IN LIME MORTAR

• STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK BUILT IN WOOD

• ENTRANCE NORTH-FACING

• EQUIPPED WITH HUGE ,DOUBLE PANALLED, METAL SPIKED DOOR

• KITCHEN WALL PROVIDED WITH SHAFT FOR BETTER VENTITATION

• PARAPET COURSES IN BRICK

• The dimensions of the structural unit depended on the materials available

• Length of the wooden members utilized for beam – 8 – 10 feet

• Each point of intersection of the grid was marked by a cloumn

THE GRID

GEOMETRIES OF STURCTURES• SYMMETRICALLY COMPOSED WITH

FLUTED COLUMNS AND CUSPED ARCHES

• ARCHITECTURAL FRAME WORK USED FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS

• CENTER OF EVERY STR. BAY ON THE UPPER FLOOR IS DEFINED BY A LONG WINDOW

• WINDOWS CONVENIENTLY DESIGNED ALLOWING PEOPLE SITING ON THE UPPER FLOOR TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE COURTYARD BELOW

• Cypress shaped columns were used• Bamboo frames were used for corner junctions • While decorative bricks were used for relief work

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRAKETS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLUMNS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEILING AND DETAIL OF BEAM

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOORS

WINDOWS

JOSHI WADA

LAYOUT• A-Kitchen• B-Deoghar• C-room 1• D-room 2• E-Othla

/Platform• F-Courtyard• G-Entrance

CHARACTERISTICS• Example of ordinary wada typology• It has Square plan• Two storied structure with court abutting the street• House and its main entrance are oriented towards the east

Construction Material • Wooden frame structure• High basalt stone plinth• Thick brick infill walls• Arched entrance constructed out

of bricks

Most commonly used materials are WOOD,STONE AND BRICK

• Pitched roof,over entrance

• Wooden trusses supporting the sloping mangalore tiled roof

• Clearstory windows

• Floor to lintel double shutter windows

• Ornamental entrance door

THANK YOU • MAMTA JAIN• ADITI JAVDEKAR• SHRIYA JOSHI• NIKITA KARANI• KASTURI KAMBEKAR S.Y SEM III LOKMANYA TILAK COLLEGE OF

ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN STUDIES, KOPARKHAIRNE, NAVIMUMBAI

SOURCE: THE COURTYARD WADA OF MAHARASHTRA AUTHOR-RUPA RAJE GUPTA